Assessment of the potential of Lactobacillus casei 12A as biocatalysts for isobutanol production

Vinay-Lara, Elena ProQuest Dissertations & Theses The University of 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

Assessment of the potential of Lactobacillus casei 12A as biocatalysts for isobutanol production Elena Vinay-Lara Under the supervision of Professor James Steele At the University of Wisconsin-Madison Increasing demand for transportation fuels has led to the need for a new sources of fuels. Alcohols can serve as replacements for transportation fuels and can be produced by microbial fermentation. Currently ethanol is the primary biofuel produced; however, isobutanol has numerous advantages over ethanol, including higher energy density and lower hygroscopicity, which makes isobutanol an attractive biofuel. Lactobacillus casei present numerous advantages over common biocatalyst for the production of isobutanol, such as high innate tolerance for alcohols, utilization of plant carbohydrates of interest, and high tolerance to inhibitors present in lignocellulosic biomass. The aim of this project was to develop L. casei as a biocatalyst for the production of isobutanol. The following objectives were addressed: i) screening and selection of a L. casei strain with high innate alcohol tolerance and the comparison of the selected strain to other bacterial biocatalysts; ii) development of a genome-scale metabolic model of the selected strain for metabolic flux analysis; and iii) construction of a strain that produces isobutanol. In the first study, we selected L. casei 12A as the organism with the greatest potential to serve as biocatalyst for the production of alcohols, due to its resistance to stresses present during the fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass (i.e. alcohols,), and genetic tools (i.e. transformation efficiency). In the second study, we constructed in silico genome-scale metabolic models for L. casei ATCC 334 and 12A. We compared the networks of the strains to identify metabolic, genetic and ortholog differences that may lead to different phenotypes. In the last study, we constructed a derivative of 12A that produces a low level of isobutanol by introduction of genes encoding for all the enzymes required to convert pyruvate to isobutanol. Efforts to increased isobutanol titer included constructing a fully NADH dependent pathway and deletion of genes encoding enzymes that compete for pyruvate. Additionally, dehydroxy-acid dehydratase activity was identified as the bottle neck in this pathway. In conclusion, we have selected L. casei 12A as our parental biofuels strain, developed a genome scale model for this strain, and constructed a derivative that produces a low level of isobutanol.

Untersuchung der (α-N)-Quasifreien Streuung, Sowie der (α-N)-Endzustandwechselwirking in der Reaktion α+D-α+P-N zum vergleich mit Rechnungen im Rahmen der Faddeev-Theorie

Lara, Pablo C [Univ. Hamburg] 1982 국내박사

Non-governmental organizations and Business Partnerships for strengthening Social Development in Mozambique: A case study of Mozal S.A.R.L

Lara Marisa Jo?o Conselho Hankuk University of Foreign Studies. Graduate Sch 2014 국내석사

To what extent can partnerships between NGOs and businesses contribute to Maputo city’s development? Considering that a vast portion of the economic activity in Mozambique consists of businesses and the fact that NGOs have been significant players in the development arena in Mozambique since the early 1980s, this thesis explores NGOs and business partnership as a potential mechanism through which social development can be achieved. This exploratory research uses the case study method to discuss the characteristics of successful partnerships, corporate social responsibility (CSR) within Mozambique and to what extent CSR contributes to the well-being of communities surrounding the Mozal Industrial area in Maputo. Findings suggest that social development is achievable but mainly on the micro level.

Popular modernism : An analysis of the acceptance of modern architecture in 1950s Brazil

Lara, Fernando Luiz Camargos University of Michigan 2001 해외박사

THE MOTIVATION OF KOREAN EFL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS : THE EFFECTS OF GENDER, MAJOR, AND COMPUTER EXPERIENCES

Lara J. Hamilton 우송대학교 TESOL-MALL 대학원 2007 국내석사

This study is an examination of the effects of gender, major and computer experience on the motivation of Korean EFL students. The participants were 89 students in four freshmen classes of conversational English taught by the researcher at a private regional university in South Korea. This study shows that for some students motivation is a factor in the use of the websites. Major was also a factor in motivation. In the study female students generally reported a higher motivation than male students, but this was only statistically significant on Item 7 - Motivation to use World Link companion site, Item 9 - Used companion site for personal benefit and Item 15 - Teacher feedback increased motivation. Previous experience with the Internet had a positive and significant effect on motivation for Item 3 - Study English for travel, Item 7 - Motivated to use World Link companion site, Item 11 - Companion site was easy to use and Item 12 - Ease of use increased motivation. . This study shows that the use of the Internet, specifically textbook companion sites, can have a positive effect on motivation.

Determinants of youth girls' behavior towards modern contraceptives : a case of region VI- western Visayas, Philippines

Villaruel, Lara Jeunesse I Graduate School of Government, Business and Entrep 2022 국내석사

Adolescent and teen pregnancy has been threatening the future of young people, and this phenomenon is evident not only in developing countries but also in high-income countries. To avoid such pregnancy, it is essential to use modern contraceptives for sexually active young people. Given that most of the modern contraceptives out in the market are for women, this study aimed at finding out the factors which affect youth girls’ behavior towards accessing the said modern contraceptives. With 200 samples from Region VI-Western Visayas, Philippines, descriptive and inferential statistics were utilized to attain the objective of this study. Independent Sample T-Tests, Chi-Square, and Logistic Regression Analysis taking the socio-demographic variables as control variables revealed five determinants to youth girls’ behavior towards modern contraceptives. They are (1) Number of Children, (2) Frequency of Sex, (3) Perceived risk of being pregnant, (4) Support from friends, and (5) Accessibility of health services. To induce the target group to access modern contraceptives and avoid early pregnancy, it is recommended to adopt a policy to enhance values education and responsible sex among young people, develop strategies to highlight risks of young pregnancy, invest more in peer education, and establish of helpline for young people with effective monitoring and evaluation process, and lastly, revise the existing health system to improve the demand generation and service delivery on contraception among sexually active young people. 청소년기 및 10 대의 임신은 젊은 사람들의 미래를 위협하고 있으며, 이러한 현상은 개발 도상국 뿐만 아니라 고소득 국가에서도 분명하다. 이러한 임신을 피하려면 성적으로 활발한 젊은 사람들이 현대식 피임약을 사용하는 것이 필수적이다. 시중에 유통되고 있는 현대식 피임약의 대부분이 여성용이라는 점을 감안할 때, 본 연구는 젊은 여성들이 현대식 피임약을 접하는 행동에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 필리핀의 6 지역-서부 비사야에서 200 개의 샘플을 사용하여 기술 및 추론 통계가 활용되었다. 독립 표본 T검정, 카이-제곱 및 로지스틱 회귀 분석은 사회-인구학적 변수를 통제변수로 사용하여 현대 피임약에 대한 소녀들의 행동을 결정하는 5 가지 요인을 밝혀냈다. 그것은 (1) 자녀 수, (2) 성별, (3) 임신 위험 인식, (4) 친구의 지원, (5) 의료 서비스 접근성이다. 대상 그룹이 현대식 피임약에 접근하고 조기 임신을 피하도록 유도하기 위해 청소년의 가치 교육 및 책임 있는 성을 강화하는 정책을 채택하고, 임신의 위험을 강조하는 전략을 개발하고, 또래 교육에 더 많이 투자하고, 효과적인 모니터링 및 평가 과정을 통해 청소년을 위한 상담전화를 제공하고, 마지막으로 성생활을 하는 청소년의 피임 수요 창출 및 서비스 제공을 개선하기 위해 기존 의료 시스템을 개정해야 한다.

URBS BEATA HIERUSALEM AMERICANA : STATIONAL LITURGY AND ESCHATOLOGICAL ARCHITECTURE IN SIXTEENTH-CENTURY MEXICO (SIXTEENTH CENTURY, AMERINDIANS)

LARA, JAMES RICHARD Graduate Theological Union 1995 국내박사

Fair trade tourism awareness and willingness to pay : a comparative study of South Korea and Germany

Berkemann, Lara Graduate School of International Studies, Korea Un 2015 국내석사

As tourism becomes increasingly more important in the debate on development and sustainability, Fair Trade Tourism was introduced as a new product promoting sustainable and ethical tourism. As it is still an extreme niche market it seems to be a bit of a hard sell. Organizations such as Fair Trade Tourism in South Africa attempt to certify and market this new product, thus, the question arises of wheth-er there is a demand for Fair Trade Tourism and on which factors the increase of demand hinges. This thesis argues that the demand for Fair Trade Tourism de-pends mainly on how successfully it can be promoted and how much knowledge the consumer already has on other sustainable and ethical products. To test how important raising awareness among consumers might be in order to increase their demand, a survey was conducted in South Korea as well as Germany that would ask for the participants willingness to pay a premium for a Fair Trade Tourism package. A strong connection was found between the higher level of awareness on Fair Trade in general and Fair Trade Tourism specifically and the higher willing-ness to pay. Though, the results have to be viewed with caution due to attitude?behavior gap, the survey results offer a strong case for the fact that increasing consumers awareness on issues related to sustainability will also increase their demand for sustainable products such as Fair Trade Tourism.

Non-governmental organizations and Business Partnerships for strengthening Social Development in Mozambique : A case study of Mozal S.A.R.L

Conselho, Lara Marisa João Hankuk University of Foreign Studies. Graduate Sch 2014 국내석사

L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase (GULO) in normal and vitamin C-deficient pigs : cloning, chromosomal mapping of the gene and expression and activity studies

Hasan, Lara Sophia Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zu@rich 2002 국내박사