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Solar Sails: Technology And Demonstration Status
Johnson, Les,Young, Roy,Barnes, Nathan,Friedman, Louis,Lappas, Vaios,McInnes, Colin The Korean Society for Aeronautical and Space Scie 2012 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.13 No.4
Solar Sail propulsion has been validated in space (IKAROS, 2010) and soon several more solar-sail propelled spacecraft will be flown. Using sunlight for spacecraft propulsion is not a new idea. First proposed by Frederick Tsander and Konstantin Tsiolkovsky in the 1920's, NASA's Echo 1 balloon, launched in 1960, was the first spacecraft for which the effects of solar photon pressure were measured. Solar sails reflect sunlight to achieve thrust, thus eliminating the need for costly and often very-heavy fuel. Such "propellantless" propulsion will enable whole new classes of space science and exploration missions previously not considered possible due to the propulsive-intense maneuvers and operations required.
Les Johnson,Roy Young,Nathan Barnes,Louis Friedman,Vaios Lappas,Colin McInnes 한국항공우주학회 2012 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.13 No.4
Solar Sail propulsion has been validated in space (IKAROS, 2010) and soon several more solar-sail propelled spacecraft will be flown. Using sunlight for spacecraft propulsion is not a new idea. First proposed by Frederick Tsander and Konstantin Tsiolkovsky in the 1920’s, NASA’s Echo 1 balloon, launched in 1960, was the first spacecraft for which the effects of solar photon pressure were measured. Solar sails reflect sunlight to achieve thrust, thus eliminating the need for costly and often very-heavy fuel. Such “propellantless” propulsion will enable whole new classes of space science and exploration missions previously not considered possible due to the propulsive-intense maneuvers and operations required.
Selective Petroleum Refining Over a Zeolite Catalyst with Small Intracrystal Mesopores
Park, Dong Ho,Kim, Seong Su,Wang, Hui,Pinnavaia, Thomas J.,Papapetrou, Maria C.,Lappas, Angelos A.,Triantafyllidis, Kostas S. WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 Angewandte Chemie Vol.48 No.41
<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Cracking good cracking: Mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts (see TEM image) made by soft templating methods show higher gas–oil cracking activity and greatly enhanced product selectivity than conventional ZSM-5. The cracking of large hydrocarbons to gasoline and diesel fuel occurs in intracrystal mesopores, while the conversion of smaller molecules into feedstock olefins occurs in framework micropores. <img src='wiley_img/14337851-2009-48-41-ANIE200901551-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/14337851-2009-48-41-ANIE200901551-content'> </P>