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Jin, Q.,Li, L.,Moon, J.S.,Cho, S.K.,Kim, Y.J.,Lee, S.J.,Han, N.S. Society for Bioscience and Bioengineering, Japan ; 2016 Journal of bioscience and bioengineering Vol.121 No.5
<P>The n-form of lactate, which causes metabolic stress upon excessive dietary intake, is mainly produced by Leuconostoc sp., the predominant species in sauerkraut. To shift the metabolic flux of D-lactate from pyruvate to L-lactate, we expressed the L-lactate dehydrogenase (ldhL) gene in Leuconostoc mesenteroides ATCC 8293. The IdhL gene from Lactobacillus plantarum was introduced into L. mesenteroides using the shuttle vectors pLeuCM and pLeuCM42. To elevate the expression level of IdhL in L. mesenteroides, the nucleotides for pyruvate kinase promoter were fused to IdhL and cloned into above vectors to construct pLC18pkL and pLC42pkL. As results, introduction of pLC42pkL in L. mesenteroides significantly improved both L-LDH activity and L-lactate productivity during fermentation, decreasing the D-/L-lactate ratio. When used as a starter culture for sauerkraut fermentation, recombinant L. mesenteroides harboring pLC42pkL increased L-lactate concentration and decreased D-lactate concentration compared to the wild type strain. We newly developed a recombinant L. mesenteroides which has high L-lactate dehydrogenase activity and applied this strain to minimize the harmful effect of D-lactate during the sauerkraut fermentation. To the best of our knowledge, we demonstrate for the first time the effective use of recombinant Leuconostoc sp. for quality improvement of fermented foods. (C) 2015, The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. All rights reserved.</P>
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Characterization of Lactobacillus acidophilus Isolated from Piglets and Chicken
Ahn, Y.T.,Lim, K.L.,Ryu, J.C.,Kang, D.K.,Ham, J.S.,Jang, Y.H.,Kim, H.U. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.12
Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from piglets and chicken and characterized. Lactic acid bacteria showing resistance to low pH and bile, adhesion to intestinal epithelium cells, and the inhibition of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. were identified as Lactobacillus acidophilus. L. acidophilus PF01 survived for 2 h in MRS broth adjusted to pH 2. L. acidophilus CF07 was less resistant than L. acidophilus PF01 to pH 2, but survived at pH 2.5 for 2 h. Both of isolates were able to grow in MRS broth containing 0.3% (w/v) bile, with L. acidophilus CF07 being more tolerant to bile than L. acidophilus PF01. L. acidophilus PF01 and CF07 adhered specifically to the duodenal and jejunal epithelium cells of piglet, and the cecal and duodenal epithelium cells of chicken, respectively. Both of isolates did not adhere to the epithelium cells of the various animal intestines from which they were isolated. When L. acidophilus was cultured with E. coli and Salmonella spp. in MRS broth, MRS broth containing 2% skim milk powder or modified tryptic soy broth at $37^{\circ}C$, L. acidophilus PF01 and CF07 inhibited the growths of E. coli K88 and K99, and S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium, respectively. Both of isolates were found to possess the essential characteristics of probiotic lactic acid bacteria for piglet and chicken.
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Zhao, P.Y.,Li, H.L.,Mohammadi, M.,Kim, I.H. Elsevier 2016 Poultry science Vol.95 No.1
<P>A 35 d trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary lactulose on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality, relative organ weight, and excreta microflora in broilers. A total of 816 1-day-old male Ross broilers (40.2 +/- 0.4 g) were allotted to 4 dietary treatments using 12 cages with 17 chicks per cage. Treatments were: 1) CON, basal diet; 2) L05, CON + 0.05% lactulose; 3) L10, CON + 0.10% lactulose; and 4) L15, CON + 0.15% lactulose. Higher (P < 0.05) body weight gain (BWG) and lower (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) were observed in broilers fed the L15 diet compared with those fed the CON diet during d 22 to 35. During d 0 to 35, BWG was higher (P < 0.05) and FCR was lower (P < 0.05) in broilers fed lactulose diets than those fed the CON diet. Additionally, broilers fed L15 diets had the highest BWG (P < 0.05) and lowest FCR (P < 0.05). The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM and nitrogen (N) was increased (P < 0.05) in broilers fed the L15 diet compared with those fed the CON diet. Drip loss was decreased (P < 0.05) in L10 and L15 treatments compared with CON treatment on d 1, d 3, and d 5. On d 3, lowest (P < 0.05) drip loss was observed in the L15 treatment. Excreta E. coli counts in the L15 treatment were decreased (P < 0.05) on d 14, but Lactobacillus counts in the L15 treatment were increased (P < 0.05) on d 14 and d 35 compared with the CON diet. A linear effect (P < 0.05) was observed on BWG (d 22 to 35), FCR (d 0 to 35), the ATTD of DM and N, drip loss, E. coli (d 14), and Lactobacillus (d 14 and d 35) counts. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 0.15% lactulose can improve growth performance and nutrient digestibility; as well as increase the proliferation of Lactobacillus and decrease E. coli counts in excreta.</P>
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( F. Mcphee ),( L. Wei ),( Q. Xie ),( Y. Suzuki ),( J. Toyota ),( Y. Karino ),( K. Chayama ),( Y. Kawakami ),( M. L. Yu ),( S. H. Ahn ),( N. Zhou ),( H. Kumada ) 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1
Aims: Daclatasvir (DCV) plus asunaprevir (ASV) has demonstrated highsustained virologic response (SVR) in HCV genotype (GT-)1b infection.NS5A-Y93H and NS5A-L31 resistance-associated polymorphisms(RAPs) to DCV are known to impact DCV+ASV response in GT-1b-infectedJapanese. The effect of RAPs on SVR at posttreatment week12 (SVR12) to DCV+ASV was explored in mainland Chinese, Korean,and Taiwanese.Methods: Pooled data from 2 studies of DCV (60 mg daily) + ASV(100 mg capsule, twice-daily) for 24 weeks in GT-1b-infected interferon/ribavirin-naive and -experienced patients from mainland China,Korea, and Taiwan. Similar Japanese data (4 studies; n=445) werepooled for comparison. SVR12 with versus without baseline Y93Hand/or L31 RAPs was compared by age (<65 vs ≥65 years), cirrhosisstatus, and baseline HCV-RNA.Results: SVR12 and baseline NS5A sequences were available for 282patients (126 mainland Chinese [45%〕, 80 Koreans [28%〕, 76Taiwanese [27%〕). NS5A-Y93H and/or -L31 RAPs were observed pretreatmentin 8% mainland Chinese, 14% Korean, and 18%Taiwanese patients, compared with 19% in Japanese. SVR12 in allnon-Japanese patients is shown (Figure); rates were broadly similarbetween countries and with Japanese data (Japanese: 96% overallwithout RAPs, 41% with RAPs). Responses were lower among patientswith baseline RAPs. By contrast, SVR12 in patients without RAPs washigh (92-100%), irrespective of cirrhosis, age, or baseline HCV-RNA.Conclusions: At least 95% of HCV GT-1b-infected patients from mainlandChina, Korea or Taiwan without baseline NS5A-Y93H or -L31polymorphisms who had HCV-RNA ≤7 log10 IU/mL achieved SVR12on DCV+ASV, regardless of cirrhosis status and age.
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Kim, S.,Lee, E.,Lee, S.Y.,Lee, S.S.,Lindoy, L.F. Elsevier Sequoia [etc.] 2014 Inorganica chimica acta Vol.417 No.-
The 14-membered O<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>2</SUB>-macrocycle L reacts with AgPF<SUB>6</SUB> in acetonitrile/dichloromethane (1:1) to yield the cyclic, double S-Ag-S bridged complex, [Ag<SUB>2</SUB>L<SUB>2</SUB>(CH<SUB>3</SUB>CN)<SUB>4</SUB>](PF<SUB>6</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB> (2), in which each Ag(I) is bound to two exo-oriented S donors arising from different macrocycles to form a 12-membered, di-Ag metallacycle. Two PF<SUB>6</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> ions form weak intramolecular contacts [Ag...F, 2.925(2)A] between the Ag centres in a bridging bidentate fashion. The coordination sphere of each Ag is completed by two weakly bound acetonitrile molecules. The respective macrocyclic ligands are arranged trans to the mean plane through the metallacycle. When the above synthetic procedure was repeated employing methanol/dichloromethane (1:1) as solvent, a complex of type [Ag<SUB>2</SUB>L<SUB>2</SUB>](PF<SUB>6</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB> (3) was obtained whose structure incorporates a similar 12-membered metallacycle but with the respective macrocyclic rings now oriented towards the same side of the metallacyclic plane. The reaction of L with AgCF<SUB>3</SUB>SO<SUB>3</SUB> yields [Ag<SUB>2</SUB>L<SUB>2</SUB>(CF<SUB>3</SUB>SO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>].2CH<SUB>3</SUB>CN (4) whose structure resembles that of [Ag<SUB>2</SUB>L<SUB>2</SUB>(CH<SUB>3</SUB>CN)<SUB>4</SUB>](PF<SUB>6</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB> (2); each complex unit incorporates a di-Ag(I) 12-membered metallacycle, with symmetrical bridging bidentate CF<SUB>3</SUB>SO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> ions weakly linking Ag centres. Long Ag1...Ag1C contacts are present between pairs of complex units. Reaction of Cu(CH<SUB>3</SUB>CN)<SUB>4</SUB>PF<SUB>6</SUB> (one equiv.) with L in methanol/dichloromethane (1:1) resulted in isolation of [CuL<SUB>2</SUB>]PF<SUB>6</SUB> (5) incorporating a distorted tetrahedral S<SUB>4</SUB>-coordination sphere, with each macrocycle binding as a bidentate ligand via its two (exo-orientated) S atoms. In contrast, reaction of [Cu(CH<SUB>3</SUB>CN)<SUB>4</SUB>]PF<SUB>6</SUB> (two equiv.) with L in either acetonitrile/dichloromethane (1:1) or methanol/dichloromethane (1:1) yielded [Cu<SUB>2</SUB>L<SUB>3</SUB>]PF<SUB>6</SUB> (6) in which the Cu(I) centres are bound exo to the macrocyclic cavity by individual S-donors from one L, with the coordination sphere of each Cu(I) completed by out-of-plane binding of the S<SUB>2</SUB>O donors from a second L. Unsymmetrical F...Cu contacts from a PF<SUB>6</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> anion weakly link the pair of Cu centres in a bridging bidentate fashion.
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Mapping the Posterior Ledge and Optic Foramen in Orbital Floor Blowout Fractures
Wong Yu Cong,Goh Doreen S.L.,Yoong Celine S.Y.,Ho Cowan,Cai Elijah Z.,Hing Angela,Lee Hanjing,Nallathamby Vigneswaran,Yap Yan L.,Lim Jane,Gangadhara Sundar,Lim Thiam C. 대한성형외과학회 2023 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.50 No.4
Background The posterior ledge (PL) is a vital structure that supports the implant posteriorly during orbital floor reconstruction. This study describes a technique for mapping the PL in relation to the infraorbital margin (IM) in patients with orbital floor blowout fractures. This study establishes the location of the optic foramen in relation to the PL. Methods Facial computed tomography (FCT) scans of 67 consecutive patients with isolated orbital floor blowout fractures were analyzed using Osirix. Planes of reference for orbital fractures, a standardized technique for performing measurements on FCT, was used. Viewed coronally, the orbit was divided into seven equal sagittal slices (L1 laterally to L7 medially) with reference to themidorbital plane. The distances of PL from IM and location of optic foramen were determined. Results The greatest distance to PL is found at L5 (median: 30.1mm, range: 13.5– 37.1mm). The median and ranges for each slice are as follows: L1 (median: 0.0mm, range: 0.0–19.9mm), L2 (median: 0.0mm, range: 0.0–21.5mm), L3 (median: 15.8mm, range: 0.0–31.7mm), L4 (median: 26.1mm, range: 0.0–34.0mm), L5 (median: 30.1mm, range: 13.5–37.1mm), L6 (median: 29.0mm, range: 0.0– 36.3mm), L7 (median: 20.8mm, range: 0.0–39.2mm). The median distance of the optic foramen from IM is 43.7mm (range: 37.0– 49.1) at L7.
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백남원(N.W. Paik),박두용(D.Y. Park),장익선(I.S. Chang),신용철(Y.C. Shin),이정인(J. l. Lee) 한국환경보건학회 1988 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.14 No.2
Airborne dust and asbestos fiber concentrations were determined in subway stations located in Seoul area. Two stations, such as Eulchiro 4.Ka Station of Une #2, constructed during a period of 1980-1984 and Hyehwa Station of Une #4, opened in 1985, were selected. The results of the study are as follows. 1. Daily tirne.weighted average (1W A) concentrations of airborne dusts from 07:00 to 20:00 hours in Line #2 and μne #4 were 0.43:t0.08 mg/m3 and 0.37:t0.12 mg/m3 , respectively. Thus, the dust levels in Líne #2 were significant1y higher than the levels in Line #4( p < 0.05). 2. Dust levels in the morning (07:00-11:00 hours), noon (1 1:00-16:00 hours) and in the evening (1 6:00-20:00 hours) in Líne #2 were 0.47:t0.17 mgjm3 , 0.37:t0.08 mg/m3 , and 0.46土0.07 mg/m3 respectively. Thus, dust levels in the morning and evening (i.e., during rush hours) were significantly higher than levels in the noon ( p < 0.02). However, there was no such difference in dust levels by time in Líne #4. 3. Airborne total dust concentrations were well below the occupational health standard of 10 mg/m3 , however, the levels were exceeding the ambient air standard recommended by the Korean Environment Administration. 4. All of airborne asbestos fiber concentrations were equal to or below 0.005 fibers/cc. The levels are within both occupational health standards and U .S. EPA criterìa. 5. A consideration should be given to the improvements of c1eaning methods (such as use of vacuum c1eaning instead of brushing) and the existing ventilation (such as more aìr change and filtration of supply air) for a reduction of dust levels. 6. It is recommended that routine monitoring of aìrborne dusts and asbestos fibers be conducted because more dusts and asbestos fibers can be produced in the aìr due to the deterioration of facilities by age and water damage in future.
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S.M. Kwa,S. Ramesh,L.T. Bang,Y.H. Wong,W.J. Kelvin Chew,C.Y. Tan,J. Purbolaksono,H. Misran,W.D. Teng 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2015 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.16 No.2
The sintering of yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP) is commonly carried at a predefined temperature using a long holding time of 2 hours. This often has resulted in grain coarsening which affects the mechanical properties of the sintered body and low temperature degradation (LTD) behaviour of the ceramic when exposed to moist environment. In this research, the effect of using a short holding time of 1 min. during sintering coupled with small amounts (0.5 and 1 wt%) of manganese oxide, MnO2 as dopant on the mechanical properties and LTD behaviour of 3 mol% Y-TZP were investigated. The results showed that the mechanical properties improved significantly with the addition of 0.5 wt% MnO2 for the 1-min. and 12-min. holding time samples when compared to 2 hours holding time sintered at the same temperature of 1350 ℃. Nevertheless, regardless of the holding time employed, the 1 wt% MnO2 addition was not effective in improving the mechanical properties and ageing resistance of Y-TZP ceramic.
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Zhu, L. L.,Park, Y. J.,Gan, L.,Go, S. I.,Kim, H. N.,Kim, J. M.,Ko, J. W. Chapman and Hall 2017 Journal of materials science Materials in electron Vol. No.
<P>Highly transparent Y2O3 ceramics doped with different Zr concentrations were successfully fabricated by vacuum pre-sintering at temperatures ranging from 1600 to 1800 degrees C combined with a subsequent hot-isostatic pressing (HIP) treatment using commercial powders as the starting materials. All of the 1 mol% Zr-doped Y2O3 ceramics exhibit very good optical quality. The sample with the highest transparency level was realized by vacuum sintering at 1650 degrees C for 4 h followed by a post-HIP treatment at 1450 degrees C lasting 5 h. It has a fine microstructure and the grain size is 1.48 mu m. Furthermore, the in-line transmittance reaches 83.3% at 1100 nm (1.2 mm thickness). It was found that a relatively low vacuum sintering temperature (1650 degrees C) and relatively low Zr doping concentration (1 mol%) are more appropriate to achieve optimally transparent Y2O3 ceramics with a subsequent HIP treatment.</P>
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