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( Colin R. Carriker ),( Roger A. Vaughan ),( Trisha A. Vandusseldorp ),( Kelly E. Johnson ),( Nicholas M. Beltz ),( James J. Mccormick ),( Nathan H. Cole ),( Ann L. Gibson ) 한국운동영양학회 2016 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.20 No.4
[Purpose] To examine the effect of a 4-day NO<sub>3</sub>- loading protocol on the submaximal oxygen cost of both low fit and high fit participants at five different exercise intensities. [Methods] Eleven (6 high fit, VO<sub>2max</sub> 60.1 ± 4.6ml/kg/min; 5 low fit, VO<sub>2max</sub> 42.4 ± 3.2ml/ kg/min) participants were initially assigned to a placebo (PL; negligible NO<sub>3</sub>-) or inorganic nitrate-rich (NR; 6.2 mmol nitrate/day) group using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Participants completed three trials (T1, T2 and T3). T1 included a maximal aerobic capacity (VO<sub>2max</sub>) treadmill test. A 6-day washout, minimizing nitrate consumption, preceded T2. Each of the four days prior to T2 and T3, participants consumed either PL or NR with the final dose 2.5 hours prior to exercise. A 14-day washout followed T2. T2 and T3 consisted of 5-minute submaximal treadmill bouts (45, 60, 70, 80 and 85% VO<sub>2max</sub>) determined during T1. [Results] Low fit nitrate-supplemented participants consumed less oxygen (p<0.05) at lower workloads (45% and 60% VO<sub>2max</sub>) compared to placebo trials; changes were not observed in high fit participants. The two lowest intensity workloads of 45 and 60% VO<sub>2max</sub> revealed the greatest correlation (r=0.54, p=0.09 and r=0.79, p<0.05; respectively) between VO<sub>2max</sub> and change in oxygen consumption. No differences were found between conditions for heart rate, respiratory exchange ratio or rating of perceived exertion for either fitness group. [Conclusion] Nitrate consumption promotes reduced oxygen consumption at lower exercise intensities in low fit, but not high fit males. Lesser fit individuals may receive greater benefit than higher fit participants exercising at intensities <60% VO<sub>2max</sub>.
Johnson, L.R.,Engle, T.E. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.8
Forty-eight individually fed Angus steers (body weight $220kg{\pm}9.1$) were utilized to investigate the effects of copper (Cu) source and concentration on lipid metabolism and carcass quality. Steers were stratified by body weight and initial liver Cu concentration and randomly assigned to one of five groups. Groups were then randomly assigned to treatments. Treatments consisted of: 1) control (no supplemental Cu); 2) 10 mg Cu/kg DM from $CuSO_4$; 3) 10 mg Cu/kg DM from a Cu amino acid complex (Availa Cu) 4) 20 mg Cu/kg DM from $CuSO_4$; and 5) 20 mg Cu/kg DM from Availa Cu. Steers were fed a corn-alfalfa-based growing diet for 56 d. Steers were then switched to a high concentrate finishing diet for 145 d. On day 74 of the finishing phase subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were obtained from three steers/treatment to determine basal and stimulated lipolytic rates in vitro. Steers were then slaughtered after receiving the finishing diet for 145 d. Control steers tended (p<0.12) to have lower ceruloplasmin (Cp) activity than Cu supplemented steers. Steers receiving 20 mg Cu/kg DM from Availa Cu had higher (p<0.03) Cp activity than steers receiving 20 mg Cu/kg DM from $CuSO_4$. Plasma non-esterified fatty acids were similar across treatments. Steers receiving 10 mg Cu/kg DM from Availa Cu had higher (p<0.02) total plasma cholesterol concentrations relative to steers receiving 10 mg Cu/kg DM from $CuSO_4$. Steers receiving 20 mg Cu/kg DM from Availa Cu had lower (p<0.03) plasma triglyceride concentrations than steers supplemented with 20 mg Cu/kg DM from $CuSO_4$. Fatty acid profile of longissimus muscle was similar across treatments. Backfat depth tended (p<0.18) to be lower in Cu supplemented steers relative to controls. Steers supplemented with 20 mg Cu/kg DM from Availa Cu had heavier (p<0.03) hot carcass weights and a greater (p<0.02) dressing percentage than steers supplemented with 20 mg Cu/kg DM from $CuSO_4$. Furthermore, in vitro basal (p<0.06) and epinephrine stimulated (p<0.04) lipolytic rates of subcutaneous adipose tissue were higher in Cu supplemented steers relative to controls. The results of this study suggest that Cu supplementation has minimal effects on blood and lean tissue lipid profile. However, it appears that Cu may play a role in lipid metabolism in subcutaneous adipose tissue.
Insights Into Emissions and Exposures From Use of Industrial-Scale Additive Manufacturing Machines
A.B. Stefaniak,A.R. Johnson,S. du Preez,D.R. Hammond,J.R. Wells,J.E. Ham,R.F. LeBouf,S.B. Martin Jr.,M.G. Duling,L.N. Bowers,A.K. Knepp,D.J. de Beer,J.L. du Plessis 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2019 Safety and health at work Vol.10 No.2
Background: Emerging reports suggest the potential for adverse health effects from exposure to emissions from some additive manufacturing (AM) processes. There is a paucity of real-world data on emissions from AM machines in industrial workplaces and personal exposures among AM operators. Methods: Airborne particle and organic chemical emissions and personal exposures were characterized using real-time and time-integrated sampling techniques in four manufacturing facilities using industrial-scale material extrusion and material jetting AM processes. Results: Using a condensation nuclei counter, number-based particle emission rates (ERs) (number/min) from material extrusion AM machines ranged from 4.1 1010 (Ultem filament) to 2.2 1011 [acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and polycarbonate filaments). For these same machines, total volatile organic compound ERs (mg/min) ranged from 1.9 104 (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and polycarbonate) to 9.4 104 (Ultem). For the material jetting machines, the number-based particle ER was higher when the lid was open (2.3 1010 number/min) than when the lid was closed (1.5e5.5 109 number/min); total volatile organic compound ERs were similar regardless of the lid position. Low levels of acetone, benzene, toluene, and m,p-xylene were common to both AM processes. Carbonyl compounds were detected; however, none were specifically attributed to the AM processes. Personal exposures to metals (aluminum and iron) and eight volatile organic compounds were all below National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)-recommended exposure levels. Conclusion: Industrial-scale AM machines using thermoplastics and resins released particles and organic vapors into workplace air. More research is needed to understand factors influencing real-world industrial- scale AM process emissions and exposures.
Insights Into Emissions and Exposures From Use of Industrial-Scale Additive Manufacturing Machines
Stefaniak, A.B.,Johnson, A.R.,du Preez, S.,Hammond, D.R.,Wells, J.R.,Ham, J.E.,LeBouf, R.F.,Martin, S.B. Jr.,Duling, M.G.,Bowers, L.N.,Knepp, A.K.,de Beer, D.J.,du Plessis, J.L. Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2019 Safety and health at work Vol.10 No.2
Background: Emerging reports suggest the potential for adverse health effects from exposure to emissions from some additive manufacturing (AM) processes. There is a paucity of real-world data on emissions from AM machines in industrial workplaces and personal exposures among AM operators. Methods: Airborne particle and organic chemical emissions and personal exposures were characterized using real-time and time-integrated sampling techniques in four manufacturing facilities using industrial-scale material extrusion and material jetting AM processes. Results: Using a condensation nuclei counter, number-based particle emission rates (ERs) (number/min) from material extrusion AM machines ranged from $4.1{\times}10^{10}$ (Ultem filament) to $2.2{\times}10^{11}$ [acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and polycarbonate filaments). For these same machines, total volatile organic compound ERs (${\mu}g/min$) ranged from $1.9{\times}10^4$ (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and polycarbonate) to $9.4{\times}10^4$ (Ultem). For the material jetting machines, the number-based particle ER was higher when the lid was open ($2.3{\times}10^{10}number/min$) than when the lid was closed ($1.5-5.5{\times}10^9number/min$); total volatile organic compound ERs were similar regardless of the lid position. Low levels of acetone, benzene, toluene, and m,p-xylene were common to both AM processes. Carbonyl compounds were detected; however, none were specifically attributed to the AM processes. Personal exposures to metals (aluminum and iron) and eight volatile organic compounds were all below National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)-recommended exposure levels. Conclusion: Industrial-scale AM machines using thermoplastics and resins released particles and organic vapors into workplace air. More research is needed to understand factors influencing real-world industrial-scale AM process emissions and exposures.
s -wave scattering lengths for the Be7+p system from an R -matrix analysis
Paneru, S. N.,Brune, C. R.,Giri, R.,Livesay, R. J.,Greife, U.,Blackmon, J. C.,Bardayan, D. W.,Chipps, K. A.,Davids, B.,Connolly, D. S.,Chae, K. Y.,Champagne, A. E.,Deibel, C.,Jones, K. L.,Johnson, M. American Physical Society 2019 Physical Review C Vol.99 No.4
Development of ITER-relevant plasma control solutions at DIII-D
Humphreys, D.A.,Ferron, J.R.,Bakhtiari, M.,Blair, J.A.,In, Y.,Jackson, G.L.,Jhang, H.,Johnson, R.D.,Kim, J.S.,LaHaye, R.J.,Leuer, J.A.,Penaflor, B.G.,Schuster, E.,Walker, M.L.,Wang, H.,Welander, A.S. International Atomic Energy Agency 2007 Nuclear fusion Vol.47 No.8
<P>The requirements of the DIII-D physics program have led to the development of many operational control results with direct relevance to ITER. These include new algorithms for robust and sustained stabilization of neoclassical tearing modes with electron cyclotron current drive, model-based controllers for stabilization of the resistive wall mode in the presence of ELMs, coupled linear–nonlinear algorithms to provide good dynamic axisymmetric control while avoiding coil current limits, and adaptation of the DIII-D plasma control system (PCS) to operate next-generation superconducting tokamaks. Development of integrated plasma control (IPC), a systematic approach to model-based design and controller verification, has enabled successful experimental application of high reliability control algorithms requiring a minimum of machine operations time for testing and tuning. The DIII-D PCS hardware and software and its versions adapted for other devices can be connected to IPC simulations to confirm control function prior to experimental use. This capability has been important in control system implementation for tokamaks under construction and is expected to be critical for ITER.</P>
Searching for Resonances in the Unbound 6Be Nucleus by Using a Radioactive 7Be Beam
채경육,D. W. Bardayan,J. C. Blackmon,M. S. Smith,A. E. Champagne,J. J. Das,R. P. Fitzgerald,D. W. Visser,V. Guimaraes,K. L. Jones,S. D. Pain,J. S. Thomas,M. S. Johnson,R. L. Kozub,R. J. Livesay,Z. Ma,C. 한국물리학회 2012 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.61 No.11
Knowledge of the <sup>3</sup>He(<sup>3</sup>He,<sup>2</sup><i>p</i>)<sup>4</sup>He reaction is important for understanding stellar burning and solar neutrino production. Previous measurements have found a surprisingly large rise in the cross section at low energies that could be due to a low-energy resonance in the <sup>3</sup>He + <sup>3</sup>He (<sup>6</sup>Be) system or electron screening. In the <sup>6</sup>Be nucleus, however, no excited states have been observed above the first 2<sup>+</sup> state at <i>E<sub>x</sub></i> = 1.67 MeV up to 23 MeV, even though several are expected. The <sup>2</sup>H(<sup>7</sup>Be,<sup>3</sup>H)<sup>6</sup>Be reaction has been studied for the first time to search for resonances in the <sup>6</sup>Be nucleus that may affect our understanding of the <sup>3</sup>He(<sup>3</sup>He,<sup>2</sup><i>p,</i>)<sup>4</sup>He reaction. A 100-MeV radioactive <sup>7</sup>Be beam from the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF) was used to bombard CD<sub>2</sub> targets, and tritons were detected by using the silicon detector array (SIDAR). A combination of reaction mechanisms appears to be necessary to explain the observed triton energy spectrum.