A SUB-SATURN MASS PLANET, MOA-2009-BLG-319Lb

Miyake, N.,Sumi, T.,Dong, Subo,Street, R.,Mancini, L.,Gould, A.,Bennett, D. P.,Tsapras, Y.,Yee, J. C.,Albrow, M. D.,Bond, I. A.,Fouqué,, P.,Browne, P.,Han, C.,Snodgrass, C.,Finet, F.,Furusawa, K IOP Publishing 2011 The Astrophysical journal Vol.728 No.2

<P>We report the gravitational microlensing discovery of a sub-Saturn mass planet, MOA-2009-BLG-319Lb, orbiting a K-or M-dwarf star in the inner Galactic disk or Galactic bulge. The high-cadence observations of the MOA-II survey discovered this microlensing event and enabled its identification as a high-magnification event approximately 24 hr prior to peak magnification. As a result, the planetary signal at the peak of this light curve was observed by 20 different telescopes, which is the largest number of telescopes to contribute to a planetary discovery to date. The microlensing model for this event indicates a planet-star mass ratio of q = (3.95 +/- 0.02) x 10(-4) and a separation of d = 0.97537 +/- 0.00007 in units of the Einstein radius. A Bayesian analysis based on the measured Einstein radius crossing time, t(E), and angular Einstein radius,theta(E), along with a standard Galactic model indicates a host star mass of M-L = 0.38(-0.18)(+0.34) M-circle dot and a planet mass of M-p = 50(-24)(+44)M(circle plus), which is half the mass of Saturn. This analysis also yields a planet-star three-dimensional separation of a = 2.4(-0.6)(+1.2) AU and a distance to the planetary system of D-L = 6.1(-1.2)(+1.1) kpc. This separation is similar to 2 times the distance of the snow line, a separation similar to most of the other planets discovered by microlensing.</P>

Effect of Rare Earth Elements on Proliferation and Fatty Acids Accumulation of 3T3-L1 Cells

He, M.L.,Yang, W.Z.,Hidari, H.,Rambeck, W.A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.1

The present study including two experiments was designed to determine the effect of media containing different rare earth elements (REE) on proliferation and fatty acids accumulation in 3T3-L1 cell cultures. In Experiment 1, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in 96-well plates ($1.5{\times}10^4cells/ml$) were cultured with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 24 h. Then the media were changed to the following 10 different media for 48 h: DMEM containing 10% FBS for the control; the above media containing $5{\mu}M$, $10{\mu}M$ or $15{\mu}M$ of $LaCl_3$, $CeCl_3$ or the mixture of these REE chlorides. The proliferation rate of the cells was measured and compared by a non-isotope method-XTT method. In Experiment 2 the cells in 24-well plates ($1.5{\times}10^4cells/ml$) were cultured in DMEM containing 10% FBS for 7 days until confluent and then were changed to above DMEM containing dexamethasone, methyl-isobutylxanthine and insulin (DMI) for two days. Afterwards the media were changed to the 10 different media with REE supplements as in Experiment 1 and cultured for 6 days. The cells were then harvested for fatty acids analysis by gas chromatography. It was found that supplementation of La (5, 10 and $15{\mu}M$), Ce ($5{\mu}M$ and $15{\mu}M$) and the mixture REE (5, 10 and $15{\mu}M$) stimulated (p<0.05) the proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes (Experiment 1). In the differentiating 3T3-L1 cells supplementation of La ($5{\mu}M$ and $10{\mu}M$), Ce ($5{\mu}M$) and the mixture REE ($5{\mu}M$ and $15{\mu}M$) decreased (p<0.05) the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) per $10^5cells$, while the supplementation of La ($5{\mu}M$), Ce ($5{\mu}M$) and the mixture REE ($15{\mu}M$) increased (p<0.05) the ratio of saturated fatty acids (SFA) to MUFA. These results indicate that the supplementation of REE to the media may affect proliferation, differentiation and lipogenesis rates of 3T3-L1 cells. However, the effect may depend upon the level or type of REE applied.

Cosmic evolution of stellar quenching by AGN feedback: clues from the Horizon-AGN simulation

Beckmann, R. S.,Devriendt, J.,Slyz, A.,Peirani, S.,Richardson, M. L. A.,Dubois, Y.,Pichon, C.,Chisari, N. E.,Kaviraj, S.,Laigle, C.,Volonteri, M. Oxford University Press 2017 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.472 No.1

<P>The observed massive end of the galaxy stellar mass function is steeper than its predicted dark matter halo counterpart in the standard Lambda cold dark matter paradigm. In this paper, we investigate the impact of active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback on star formation in massive galaxies. We isolate the impact of AGN by comparing two simulations from the HORIZON suite, which are identical except that one also includes supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and related feedback models. This allows us to cross-identify individual galaxies between simulations and quantify the effect of AGN feedback on their properties, including stellar mass and gas outflows. We find that massive galaxies (M-* >= 10(11) M-circle dot) are quenched by AGN feedback to the extent that their stellar masses decrease by up to 80 per cent at z = 0. SMBHs affect their host halo through a combination of outflows that reduce their baryonic mass, particularly for galaxies in the mass range 10(9) M-circle dot <= M-* <= 10(11) M-circle dot, and a disruption of central gas inflows, which limits in situ star formation. As a result, net gas inflows on to massive galaxies, M-* >= 10(11) M-circle dot, drop by up to 70 per cent. We measure a redshift evolution in the stellar mass ratio of twin galaxies with and without AGN feedback, with galaxies of a given stellar mass showing stronger signs of quenching earlier on. This evolution is driven by a progressive flattening of the M-SMBH-M-* relation with redshift, particularly for galaxies with M-* <= 10(10) M-circle dot. M-SMBH/M-* ratios decrease over time, as falling average gas densities in galaxies curb SMBH growth.</P>

A comparison of liveweight gain of lambs weaned early onto a herb-clover mixed sward and weaned conventionally onto a ryegrass-clover pasture and herb-clover mixed sward

W.E.M.L.J. Ekanayake,R.A. Corner-Thomas,L. M. Cranston,P.R. Kenyon,S.T. Morris 아세아·태평양축산학회 2019 Animal Bioscience Vol.32 No.2

Objective: The aim of the present study was to identify the impact of early weaning of lambs at approximately seven weeks of age onto a herb-clover mix on the liveweight gain of lambs and their dams. Methods: In 2015, twin-born lambs that weighed a minimum of 16 kg (n = 134) were randomly allocated to one of three treatments: i) Early-weaned (58 days after the midpoint of lambing) onto an unrestricted allowance (>1,200 kg dry matter/ha) of herb-clover mix (HerbEW); ii) Lambs+dams unweaned onto an unrestricted allowance of herb-clover mix until conventional weaning (95 days after the midpoint of lambing) (HerbCW); iii) Lambs+ dams unweaned onto an unrestricted allowance of grass-clover pasture until conventional weaning (GrassCW). In 2016, twin-born lambs that weighed a minimum of 16 kg (n = 170) were randomly allocated to one of four treatments: i), ii), iii) (similar to 2015) and iv) Lambs+ dams unweaned onto a restricted allowance (<1,200 kg dry matter/ha) of grass-clover pasture until conventional weaning (93 days after the midpoint of lambing) (Restricted-GrassCW). Results: In 2015, liveweight gain from L58 to L95 of HerbCW and GrassCW lambs did not differ (p>0.05), but were greater than HerbEW lambs. In 2016, HerbCW lambs had greater (p<0.05) liveweight gains from L51 to L93 than GrassCW followed by HerbEW and Restricted-GrassCW lambs. In 2015, liveweight gain from L58 to L95 of HerbEW ewes were greater than both GrassCW and HerbCW ewes while in 2016, liveweight gain of from L51 to L93 GrassCW and HerbCW ewes did not differ (p>0.05) but were greater (p<0.05) than those of HerbEW and Restricted-GrassCW ewes. Conclusion: These results indicate that when grass-clover pasture supply can be maintained at unrestricted intake level, there may be no benefit of weaning lambs early. However, at restricted pasture conditions lambs can achieve greater liveweight gains when weaned early onto a herb-clover mix.

AKARI-NEP : EFFECTS OF AGN PRESENCE ON SFR ESTIMATES OF GALAXIES

L. Marchetti,A. Feltre,S. Berta,I. Baronchelli,S. Serjeant,M. Vaccari,D. Bulgarella,M.Karouzos,K. Murata,N.Oi,C. Pearson,G. Rodighiero,C. Segdwick,G. J. White 한국천문학회 2017 天文學論叢 Vol.32 No.1

How does the presence of an AGN influence the total SFR estimates of galaxies and change their distribution with respect to the \textit{Galaxy Main Sequence}?To contribute to solving this question, we study a sample of 1133 sources detected in the North Ecliptic Pole field (NEP) by AKARI and Herschel. We create a multi-wavelength dataset for these galaxies and we fit their multi-wavelength Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) using the whole spectral regime (from 0.1 to 500 $\mu$m). We perform the fit using three procedures: \texttt{LePhare} and two optimised codes for identifying AGN tracers from the SED analysis. In this work we present an overview of the comparison between the estimates of the Infrared bolometric luminosities (between 8 and 1000 $\mu$m) and the AGN fractions obtained exploiting these different procedures. In particular, by estimating the AGN contribution in four different wavelength ranges (5-40 $\mu$m, 10-20 $\mu$m, 20-40 $\mu$m and 8-1000 $\mu$m) we show how the presence of an AGN affects the PAH emission by suppressing the ratio $\frac{L_{\rm8~\mu m}}{L_{\rm4.5~\mu m}}$ as a function of the considered wavelength range.

Pharmacokinetics and milk distribution characteristics of orbifloxacin following intravenous and intramuscular injection in lactating ewes

GOUDAH, A.,CHO, H.-J.,SHIN, H.-C.,SHIM, J.-H.,REGMI, N. L.,SHIMODA, M.,ABD EL-ATY, A. M. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTIC Vol.32 No.4

<P>The purpose of the current investigation is to elucidate the pharmacokinetic profiles of orbifloxacin (OBFX) in lactating ewes (<I>n </I>= 6) following intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administrations of 2.5 mg/kg W. In a crossover study, frequent blood, milk, and urine samples were drawn for up to 48 h after the end of administration, and were then assayed to determine their respective drug concentrations through microbiological assay using <I>Klebsiella pneumoniae</I> as the test micro-organism. Plasma pharmacokinetic parameters were derived from plasma concentration–time data using a compartmental and noncompartmental analysis, and validated a relatively rapid elimination from the blood compartment, with a slope of the terminal phase of 0.21 ± 0.02 and 0.19 ± 0.06 per hour and a half-life of 3.16 ± 0.43 and 3.84 ± 0.59 h, for i.v. and i.m. dosing, respectively. OBFX was widely distributed with a volume of distribution <I>V</I>(<SUB>d(ss)</SUB>) of 1.31 ± 0.12 L/kg, as suggested by the low percentage of protein binding (22.5%). The systemic body clearance (<I>Cl</I><SUB>B</SUB>) was 0.32 ± 0.12 L/h·kg. Following i.m. administration, the maximum plasma concentration (<I>C</I><SUB>max</SUB>) of 1.53 ± 0.34 &mgr;g/mL was reached at <I>t</I><SUB>max</SUB> 1.25 ± 0.21 h. The drug was completely absorbed after i.m. administration, with a bioavailability of 114.63 ± 11.39%. The kinetic milk <I>AUC</I><SUB>milk</SUB>/<I>AUC</I><SUB>plasma</SUB> ratio indicated a wide penetration of orbifloxacin from the bloodstream to the mammary gland. OBFX urine concentrations were higher than the concurrent plasma concentrations, and were detected up to 30 h postinjection by both routes. Taken together, these findings indicate that systemic administration of orbifloxacin could be efficacious against susceptible mammary and urinary pathogens in lactating ewes.</P>

Ultrasound and clinical findings from metacarpophalangeal joint assessments in show jumping horses in training

Ana Lúcia M. Yamada,Marcelo Pinheiro,Marília F. Marsiglia,Stefano Carlo F. Hagen,Raquel Yvonne A. Baccarin,Luís Cláudio L. C. da Silva 대한수의학회 2020 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.21 No.3

The aims of this study were to determine the morphological patterns, physical examination characteristics and ultrasound findings of show jumping horses in training and to establish a score-based examination model for physical and ultrasound foBackground: Physical exercise is known to cause significant joint changes. Thus, monitoring joint behavior of athletic horses is essential in early disorders recognition, allowing the proper management. Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine the morphological patterns, physical examination characteristics and ultrasound findings of show jumping horses in training and to establish a score-based examination model for physical and ultrasound follow-ups of metacarpophalangeal joint changes in these animals. Methods: A total of 52 metacarpophalangeal joints from 26 horses who were initially in the taming stage were evaluated, and the horses’ athletic progression was monitored. The horses were evaluated by a physical examination and by B-mode and Doppler-mode ultrasound examinations, starting at time zero (T0), which occurred concomitantly with the beginning of training, and every 3 months thereafter for a follow-up period of 18 months. Results: The standardized examination model revealed an increase in the maximum joint flexion angles and higher scores on the physical and ultrasound examinations after scoring was performed by predefined assessment tools, especially between 3 and 6 months of evaluation, which was immediately after the horses started more intense training. The lameness score and the ultrasound examination score were slightly higher at the end of the study. Conclusions: The observed results were probably caused by the implementation of a traininBackground: Physical exercise is known to cause significant joint changes. Thus, monitoring joint behavior of athletic horses is essential in early disorders recognition, allowing the proper management. Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine the morphological patterns, physical examination characteristics and ultrasound findings of show jumping horses in training and to establish a score-based examination model for physical and ultrasound follow-ups of metacarpophalangeal joint changes in these animals. Methods: A total of 52 metacarpophalangeal joints from 26 horses who were initially in the taming stage were evaluated, and the horses’ athletic progression was monitored. The horses were evaluated by a physical examination and by B-mode and Doppler-mode ultrasound examinations, starting at time zero (T0), which occurred concomitantly with the beginning of training, and every 3 months thereafter for a follow-up period of 18 months. Results: The standardized examination model revealed an increase in the maximum joint flexion angles and higher scores on the physical and ultrasound examinations after scoring was performed by predefined assessment tools, especially between 3 and 6 months of evaluation, which was immediately after the horses started more intense training. The lameness score and the ultrasound examination score were slightly higher at the end of the study. Conclusions: The observed results were probably caused by the implementation of a training regimen and joint adaptation to physical conditioning. The joints most likely undergo a pre-osteoarthritic period due to work overload, which can manifest in a consistent or adaptive manner, as observed during this study. Thus, continuous monitoring of young athlete horses by physical and ultrasound examinations that can be scored is essential. g regimen and joint adaptation to physical conditioning. The joints most likely undergo a pre-osteoarthritic period due to work overload, which can manifest in a consistent or adaptive manner, as observed during this study. Thus, continuous monitoring of young athlete horses by physical and ultrasound examinations that can be scored is essential.llow-ups of metacarpophalangeal joint changes in these animals....

Association of Polymorphism Harbored by Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Gene and Sex of Calf with Lactation Performance in Cattle

Yudin, N.S.,Aitnazarov, R.B.,Voevoda, M.I.,Gerlinskaya, L.A.,Moshkin, M.P. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.10

In a majority of mammals, male infants have heavier body mass and grow faster than female infants. Accordingly, male offspring nursing requires a much greater maternal energy contribution to lactation. It is possible that the maternal-fetal immunoendocrine dialog plays an important role in female preparation for lactation during pregnancy. Immune system genes are an integral part of gene regulatory networks in lactation and tumor necrosis factor alpha ($TNF{\alpha}$) is a proinflammatory cytokine that also plays an important role in normal mammary gland development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the sex of calf and/or the -824A/G polymorphism in the promoter region of $TNF{\alpha}$ gene on milk performance traits in Black Pied cattle over the course of lactation. We also studied the allele frequency differences of -824A/G variants across several cattle breeds, which were bred in different climatic conditions. The G allele frequency decreased gradually over the course of lactation events in the Black Pied dairy cattle because of a higher culling rate of cows with the G/G genotype (p<0.001). In contrast to the genotypes A/A and A/G, cows with G/G genotype showed significant variability of milk and milk fat yield subject to sex of delivered calf. Milk yield and milk fat yield were significantly higher in the case of birth of a bull calf than with a heifer calf (p<0.03). The G allele frequency varies from 48% to 58% in Grey Ukrainian and Black Pied cattle to 77% in aboriginal Yakut cattle. Our results suggest that the $TNF{\alpha}$-824A/G gene polymorphism may have an influence on the reproductive efforts of cows over the course of lactation events depending on the sex of progeny. Allocation of resources according to sex of the calf allows optimizing the energy cost of lactation. This may be a probable reason for high G allele frequency in Yakut cattle breeding in extreme environmental conditions. Similarly, the dramatic fall in milk production after birth of a heifer calf increases the probability of culling for the cows with the G/G genotype in animal husbandry.

Rotation periods and astrometric motions of the Luhman 16AB brown dwarfs by high-resolution lucky-imaging monitoring

Mancini, L.,Giacobbe, P.,Littlefair, S. P.,Southworth, J.,Bozza, V.,Damasso, M.,Dominik, M.,Hundertmark, M.,Jørgensen, U. G.,Juncher, D.,Popovas, A.,Rabus, M.,Rahvar, S.,Schmidt, R. W.,Skottfelt, J.,S EDP Sciences 2015 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.584 No.-

<P>Context. Photometric monitoring of the variability of brown dwarfs can provide useful information about the structure of clouds in their cold atmospheres.The brown-dwarf binary system Luhman16AB is an interesting target for such a study, because its components stand at the L/T transition and show high levels of variability. Luhman16AB is also the third closest system to the solar system, which allows precise astrometric investigations with ground-based facilities. Aims. The aim of the work is to estimate the rotation period and study the astrometric motion of both components. Methods. We have monitored Luhman16AB over a period of two years with the lucky-imaging camera mounted on the Danish 1.54m telescope at La Silla, through a special i + z long-pass filter, which allowed us to clearly resolve the two brown dwarfs into single objects. An intense monitoring of the target was also performed over 16 nights, in which we observed a peak-to-peak variability of 0.20±0.02mag and 0.34±0.02mag for Luhman16A and 16B, respectively. Results. We used the 16-night time-series data to estimate the rotation period of the two components. We found that Luhman16B rotates with a period of 5.1 ±0.1h, in very good agreement with previous measurements. For Luhman16A, we report that it rotates more slowly than its companion, and even though we were not able to get a robust determination, our data indicate a rotation period of roughly 8h. This implies that the rotation axes of the two components are well aligned and suggests a scenario in which the two objects underwent the same accretion process. The 2-year complete data set was used to study the astrometric motion of Luhman16AB. We predict a motion of the system that is not consistent with a previous estimate based on two months of monitoring, but cannot confirm or refute the presence of additional planetary-mass bodies in the system.</P>

OGLE-2016-BLG-0263Lb: Microlensing Detection of a Very Low-mass Binary Companion through a Repeating Event Channel

Han, C.,Udalski, A.,Gould, A.,Bond, I. A.,Albrow, M. D.,Chung, S.-J.,Jung, Y. K.,Ryu, Y.-H.,Shin, I.-G.,Yee, J. C.,Zhu, W.,Cha, S.-M.,Kim, S.-L.,Kim, D.-J.,Lee, C.-U.,Lee, Y.,Park, B.-G.,Skowron, J.,M American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astronomical journal Vol.154 No.4

<P>We report the discovery of a planet-mass companion to the microlens OGLE-2016-BLG-0263L. Unlike most low-mass companions that were detected through perturbations to the smooth and symmetric light curves produced by the primary, the companion was discovered through the channel of a repeating event, in which the companion itself produced its own single-mass light curve after the event produced by the primary had ended. Thanks to the continuous coverage of the second peak by high-cadence surveys, the possibility of the repeating nature due to source binarity is excluded with a 96% confidence level. The mass of the companion estimated by a Bayesian analysis is Mp = 4.1(-2.5)(+6.5) M-j. The projected primary-companion separation is a(perpendicular to) = 6.5(-1.9)(+1.3) au. The ratio of the separation to the snow-line distance of a(perpendicular to/)a(s1) similar to 15.4 corresponds to the region beyond Neptune, the outermost planet of the solar system. We discuss the importance of high-cadence surveys in expanding the range of microlensing detections of low-mass companions and future space-based microlensing surveys.</P>