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        Enhancement of Human Adaptive Immune Responses by Administration of a High-Molecular-Weight Polysaccharide Extract from the Cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis

        Morten Løbner,Anette Walsted,Rune Larsen,Klaus Bendtzen,Claus Henrik Nielsen 한국식품영양과학회 2008 Journal of medicinal food Vol.11 No.2

        The effect of consumption of Immulina, a high-molecular-weight polysaccharide extract from the cyanobac-terium Arthrospira platensis, on adaptive immune responses was investigated by evaluation of changes in leukocyte respon-siveness to two foreign recall antigens, Candida albicans(CA) and tetanus toxoid (TT), in vitro. Consumption of Immulinaby 11 healthy male volunteers caused an immediate, but temporary, increase of CA-induced CD4. T-helper (Th) cell pro-liferation (P. .02). TT-induced Th cell proliferation was increased in individuals over 50 years of age (P. .05) and corre-lated with age (P. .02). Consumption for 8 days enhanced the CA-induced B cell proliferation (P. .02), but after 56 daysa diminution was seen (P. .03). The CA-elicited production of the Th1 cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-., interleukin(IL)-2, and interferon (IFN)-. was increased after Immunlina administration for 3 days (P. .001,. .03, and. .007, re-spectively), and increased IL-2 production persisted after 56 days (P. .004). The TNF-., IFN-., and IL-6 responses to TTwere enhanced after 8 and 14 days (P. .002.05), while IL-5 responses increased significantly within 3 days (P. .04) andfell below baseline levels after 14 days (P. .008). Conversely, consumption for 3 days inhibited the IL-4 responses to bothCA and TT (P. .008 and P. .03, respectively). No effects on IL-10 responses were observed. Upon addition to normalmononuclear cells in vitro, Immulina elicited strong TNF-., IL-1., and IL-6 responses, indicating that it acts by inducing apro-inflammatory state. Taken together, the data suggest that Immulina causes an age-dependent, temporary enhancement ofadaptive immune responses.

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