알렉산드리아 전쟁(Bellum Alexandrinum)의 배경에 관한 고찰 - 유럽중심주의 역사관을 넘어

김경현 ( Kim¸ Kyunghyun ) 한국서양고대역사문화학회(구 한국서양고대사학회) 2020 서양고대사연구 Vol.59 No.-

본고의 목적은, 고대 사료와 그리고 그것에 영향을 받은 현대 학자들에게 의식적·무의식적으로 형성되어 있는 유럽중심주의 역사관에 의해서 왜곡 또는 축소되었던, 알렉산드리아 전쟁의 성격과 의미를 재조명하는 것이다. 이를 위해, 필자는 알렉산드리아 전쟁의 배경과 원인을, 유럽중심주의 역사관에서 기인한 기존의 로마 중심적, 남성 중심적 설명이 철저하게 타자화함으로써 역사 연구에서 주변부로 밀려났던, 이집트의 관점에서 새롭게 논의한다. 알렉산드리아 전쟁은 소수의 궁정 관리들의 음모와 무지하고 폭력적인 이집트인의 단순한 도발이 아니다. 그것은 로마가 수 세기에 걸쳐 이집트에 가했던 정치적·경제적 침탈에 대한 이집트와 이집트인의 저항이었다. 또한 그것은 팜므 파탈인 클레오파트라의 유혹이 (조금 미화하여 카이사르와 클레오파트라의 세기적 사랑이) 일으킨 전쟁도 결코 아니다. 그것은 로마에만 의지하여 명목상의 왕국과 왕권만을 지키려 했던 여왕클레오파트라에 대한 이집트인의 실망과 반발이었다. 알렉산드리아 전쟁의 원인과 배경을 새로운 관점에서 조망하는 작업은 로마의 제국주의가 특히 이집트에서 확산하는 과정을 이해하는 데 도움을 줄 뿐만 아니라 그 동안 상대적으로 간과해 왔던 이집트의 정치적·경제적 상황을 이해하는 데도 도움을 줄 것이다. 아울러 이는 유럽중심주의 역사관이 이집트와 관련해서 계속 재생산해온 타자성을 극복함으로써, 이집트 왕국, 이집트인, 클레오파트라에 관해 균형 잡힌 시각을 갖는데 기여할 것이다. This article aims to shed new light on the character and meaning of the Alexandrian War. The significance of the war has been distorted and underestimated due to the eurocentric viewpoint of history that had been consciously and unconsciously formed in the ancient sources, and by the modern scholars influenced through the medium of these sources. For this, I will discuss the background and reasons for the Alexandrian War from the viewpoint of ancient Egypt, excluded by the Rome-centric and male-centric explanations which were based on the eurocentric viewpoint of history. The Alexandrian War was not the result of the conspiracy of a few court officials or a simple provocation by the ignorant and violent Egyptians. It was a national resistance against political and economic invasions which Rome had made against the Ptomemaic kingdom and the Egyptians. Also, the Alexandrian War was not caused by the love story between Cleopatra and Caesar or allurement by Femme Fatale Cleopatra. It was caused by widespread disappointment leading to revolt against Cleopatra who had relied on Rome to protect her own nominal kingdom and queenship. This study will help not only to understand the Roman imperialistic expansion into the Ptolemaic kingdom, but also to understand the political and economic situation of ancient Egypt which has been relatively overlooked. In addition, this will help scholars to have a balanced view on the Ptolemaic kingdom, the Egyptians, and Cleopatra, by overcoming the Otherness reproduced by the eurocentric viewpoint of history.

Dose rates of electron beam and gamma ray irradiation affect microbial decontamination and quality changes in dried red pepper (<i>Capsicum annuum</i> L.) powder

Kyung, Hyun‐,Kyu,Ramakrishnan, Sudha Rani,Kwon, Joong‐,Ho John Wiley & Sons 2019 Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture Vol.99 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>BACKGROUND</B></P><P>Due to differences in radiation sources (electron beam from electron accelerator, gamma ray from <SUP>60</SUP>Co radionuclide) and energy delivery time (dose rate, kGy/time), the effects on foods are expected to be different with regard to chemical quality change and microbial decontamination. To better understand this impact, effects of variable dose rates of electron beam (EB, kGy s<SUP>−1</SUP>) and gamma rays (GR, kGy h<SUP>−1</SUP>) on microbial reduction, capsanthin content, and color parameters of red pepper (<I>Capsicum annuum</I> L.) powders (RPP) were determined. RPP samples were irradiated with 3 kGy absorbed dose, at variable dose rates of 1 and 5 kGy s<SUP>−1</SUP> of EB (10 MeV/10 kW), and 1.8 and 9 kGy h<SUP>−1</SUP> of GR (<SUP>60</SUP>Co).</P><P><B>RESULTS</B></P><P>Aerobic plate counts (APC) as well as yeast and mold counts of non‐irradiated samples were 7.12 log CFU g<SUP>−1</SUP> and 6.62 log CFU g<SUP>−1</SUP>, respectively. EB and GR reduced these by 2–3 log CFU g<SUP>−1</SUP>. A lower dose rate (1 kGy s<SUP>−1</SUP>) of EB was more effective for microbial reduction than a higher dose rate (5 kGy s<SUP>−1</SUP>). In contrast, a higher dose rate (9 kGy h<SUP>−1</SUP>) of GR efficiently decreased APC compared to a lower dose rate (1.8 kGy h<SUP>−1</SUP>). Higher EB and GR dose rates significantly decreased the capsanthin content and Hunter's red color (<I>a</I>* value).</P><P><B>CONCLUSION</B></P><P>Low EB (kGy s<SUP>−1</SUP>) and high GR (kGy h<SUP>−1</SUP>) dose rates are recommended for microbiological safety of RPP with negligible changes in color attributes visible to the human eye, in contrast to the measured values. Thus the study demonstrates that the influence of absorbed dose is dependent on the applied dose rates. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry</P>

Penetrating Head Injury Resulting From Wild Boar Attack in Republic of Korea: A Case Report

Kyunghyun Na,Byeong Ho Oh,JongBeom Lee,Min Jai Cho,Mou Seop Lee,Hong Rye Kim 대한신경손상학회 2023 Korean Journal of Neurotrauma Vol.19 No.4

Few cases of injuries caused by wild boars have been reported in the literature. Here, we present the case of a 64-year-old male patient who was attacked by a wild boar. The patient had a laceration to the right forehead and a penetrating wound in the area before the right auricle. Computed tomography scan revealed traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hemorrhage, right temporal lobe contusion hemorrhage, pneumocephalus, right zygomatic arch and temporal bone fracture, and right coronal process fracture of the mandible. Prophylactically, 2,000 mg of ceftriaxone and 400 mg of moxifloxacin were intravenously administered every 24 hours. An emergency craniectomy was performed because the skull fracture was an open fracture and control of the increased intracranial pressure was necessary. Inactivated Rabies Virus Vaccine was also administered postoperatively. We concluded that, unlike typical wounds from other traumatic causes, the risk of wound infection is higher. In order to reduce morbidity and mortality due to wild boar attacks, rapid stabilization of the patient’s vital signs, prevention of infection with appropriate antibiotics, and surgical intervention at the appropriate time and method are necessary.

Digital Human Modeling을 이용한 보병 수송용 특수 차량의 인간공학적 개선

Kyunghyun Nam,Sungryul Park,Songil Lee,Gyouhyung Kyung,Jeongyeob Lee,Jonghyun Kim,Yongcheol Shin,Chiung Kim 대한인간공학회 2012 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.11

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate Armored Personnel Carrier (APC) by using Digital Human Modeling (DHM) tools in order to identify ergonomic problems. Background: Ergonomic evaluation is especially important in designing tactical military vehicles, since the operator will experience significantly high cognitive and physical workloads while he/she controls the vehicle in combat situations. Although human factors standards, including MIL STD-1472, provide guidance for military vehicle design, it is not always possible to directly apply these standards to designing Korean military vehicles (e.g., due to demographic differences). In the design process, the use of DHM provides many benefits including reduced development cost and quantitative ergonomic design evaluation. This study suggests some improvements based on the ergonomic evaluations by using DHM tools and ergonomics checklists. Method: The APC was evaluated by using DHM tools (RAMSIS™ and 3D SSPP™) in terms of physical workload in ingress/egress, visibility, clearance, and reachability. For control panel evaluation, checklists based on ergonomics guidelines were used. Conclusion: The improvements in multiple aspects of APC are main results of this study and they are expected to be widely used in the development of next tactical military vehicles. Application: The results could be used in establishing military guidelines for ergonomic military vehicle design suitable for Korean soldiers. The suggested improvements would relieve APC users’ physical and cognitive workload, which results in increasing survivability in highly stressful situation.

Agency Conflicts, Ownership Structure, and Corporate Social Responsibility

Kyunghyun Kim,Hyun Seung Na 한국재무학회 2023 한국재무학회 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.11

This study examines the effect of a firm’s ownership structure on its corporate social responsibility (CSR). Using firms that belong to Korean business groups, chaebols, as a sample and their ES ratings to measure CSR, we find a positive relationship between control-ownership disparity (i.e., a divergence between voting and cash-flow rights of controlling shareholders) and ES performance, especially social performance. Additionally, we show that when control-ownership disparities increase due to mergers between other affiliated firms, ES ratings rise significantly. Moreover, we find that firms controlled by descendants are more likely to exhibit higher levels of CSR compared to firms controlled by founders. Our results support the agency view of CSR, which suggests that CSR investment is associated with controlling shareholders’ incentives to pursue their own private benefits at the expense of minority shareholders.

Encephalopathy caused by maternal deficiency of vitamin A in a calf

Kyunghyun Lee,Jongho Kim,Ujin Jeon,Yeon Hee Kim,Ha-Young Kim,ByungJae So,Eun-Jin Choi 한국동물위생학회 2019 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.42 No.4

Blindness was observed in five calves born from cattle fed only a commercial feed of growing stage and dried rice straws for about two years in a farm in Gyeongsangbuk-do province. Three of them died within a month after birth, and a body and sera of his mother and other 19 cattle were submitted for diagnosis. At necropsy, the calf was very weak and filled with cerebrospinal fluid in the cerebrum. Any histopathological lesion including atrophy of death of optic nerve cells was not observed, but the irregu-lar proliferation such as lace pattern of choroidal cells and lymphocytic infiltration just below choroid was observed. No pathogen was detected as a result of the etiological tests on the internal organs of calves and bloods. In addition, the levels of serum vitamin A in different affected and his mother cattle were all lower than normal. Finally, we determined this case as an encephalopathy caused by maternal vitamin A deficiency in a calf. This report is an extreme example of how important it is to supply ad-equate s diets and a good quality of hay for each stage of growth in cattle.

Designing Unique Products with Self-morphing Randomness

Kyunghyun Kim,Tek-Jin Nam 한국디자인학회 2014 디자인학연구 Vol.27 No.1

Single vertical incision thoracoabdominal flap for chest wall reconstruction following mastectomy of locally advanced breast cancer

Kyunghyun Min,Eun Jeong Choi,Yeon Hoon Lee,Jin Sup Eom,Byung Ho Son,Sei Hyun Ahn,Eun Key Kim 대한외과학회 2019 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.97 No.4

Purpose: Skin grafts have been widely used in managing extensive chest wall defects after mastectomy for advanced breast cancer. However, their durability and tolerability to radiotherapy is still controversial. A thoracoabdominal (TA) flap with a few technical refinements can safely transfer a larger flap while minimizing complications. Methods: From January 2007 to February 2018, a retrospective review was performed to compare 2 groups after wide breast excision: skin graft group (group 1) and lateral-based, single vertical incision rotation-advancement TA flap (group 2). Patients’ demographics, operative details, complications, hospital stay, postoperative outpatient visits, cost, and start of adjuvant therapy were analyzed between the 2 groups. Results: During the study period, 34 patients received skin graft and 41 patients received TA flap. group 2 had a shorter hospital stay (6.41 ± 2.64 days vs. 12.62 ± 4.60 days, P < 0.001) and shorter time to complete wound healing (29.27 ± 18.68 days vs. 39.24 ± 27.70 days, P = 0.03) than group 1. There was also a difference in the period from surgery to initiation of adjuvant therapy (group 1, 45.04 days ± 17.79 days; group 2, 37.07 ± 15.38 days, P = 0.073). Although limitation in shoulder motion was more frequent in group 2, limitation of motion for >1 year was observed in 4 patients in only group 1 (43.90% vs. 38.24%, P = 0.613). Conclusion: TA flap has a simple design that minimizes concerns involving the donor site. Moreover, it does not require complicated procedures and allows for re-elevation whenever necessary. Finally, it guarantees faster wound recovery than skin graft with fewer complications

Polioencephalomalacia diagnosed in necropsied cattle in Korea

( Kyunghyun Lee ),( Eun-jin Choi ),( Ji-youl Jung ),( Hyunkyoung Lee ),( Ji-hyeon Kim ),( Byungjae So ) 한국동물위생학회(구 한국가축위생학회) 2018 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.41 No.2

Polioencephalomalacia (PEM) is a neurologic disease of ruminants diagnosed by pathological approach. There is very little information available to understand bovine PEM in Korea. In this study, we investigated the diagnostic rate and pathological features of PEM in 334 necropsied cases of cattle submitted to the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency in Korea from 2015∼2017. PEM was diagnosed only in 13 (3.9%) Hanwoo, the Korean native cattle, and sporadically occurred in our country. The disease was the most diagnosed in fall season, and the age of the cows ranged from 1 month to 3 year. In all PEM cases, softening, and yellow discoloration of the gray matter in the cerebrum and fluorescence at the sites using ultraviolet illumination were grossly observed. Microscopically abundance of glial cells with vacuolar large cytoplasm and neuronal necrosis were commonly observed. This study suggests that future studies are necessary to identify the cause and pathogenesis for the control of PEM in our country.

Development of Task Definition Language for Flexible Manufacturing Cells

Kyunghyun Choi,Kyu-Kab Cho 대한산업공학회 1995 대한산업공학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.1995 No.10