The Naebang Gasa Revisited : Yangban Women's Discourse as a Means for the Confirmation Self-identity

Shin, Eun Kyung Research Institute of Asian Women Sookmyung Women' 2005 Asian Women Vol.21 No.-

The naebang gasa or "inner-room gasa" is widely believed to be a poetic genre written in hangŭl, which was mainly composed by yangban women of Yŏngnam Province and flourished in the late Chosŏn period. As the social ranking system was destabilized in this period for various reasons, the yangbans or the ruling class began to feel a sense or crisis in maintaining their social status and already-acquired privileges. It was, therefore, needed for the ruling class to strengthen the Confucian practical ethic of personal autonomy and responsibility, distribute and infuse it to the commoners in order to facilitate their governing act and overcome the critical situation. The yŏllyŏ jŏn ("Biographies of Faithful Women") by yangban male literati and the naebang gasa by yangban women, both of which appeared in large quantities in this period, need to be understood as a way to find the solution of the critical situation. The gyenyŏ ga and the jatan ga, two subtypes of the naebang gasa, differ from each other in that the focus of the former is put to foreground the role of mother and that of the latter is placed to display the laments of an individual woman. On this basis, we can characterize the gyenyŏ ga as "the song of 'I' as a mother" who successfully completed her entry into the position of a matriarch, and the jatan ga as "the song of 'I' as a woman" who, in a sense, failed to carry out the task. If the former has greater affinity with "a sense of family," the latter with "the rise of self-consciousness." The naebang gasa secures a significant position in Korean literary history, because it functioned as a means for the confirmation of women's "sense of existence as a mother or as a woman."

운문사 女僧의 住生活 環境調査 : Focused on the Change of the Living Pattern and Lighting Conditions 起居樣式의 變化와 照明環境을 중심으로

신경주,곽경숙,최정신,심현숙 漢陽大學校 韓國生活科學硏究所 1991 韓國 生活 科學 硏究 Vol.- No.1

In this rapid changing period, the study about traditional life is necessary to preserve our culture. Un Moon Sa Buddist nuns' school was chosen for this study because that temple could be the last place to be affected by modern western culture. The purpose of this survey was to find out the change of traditional living pattern of Buddist nuns and lighting conditions of their school(Un Moon shool for Buddist nuns), and to compare it with last survey in 1985. The results of the survey were as follows. 1) Nuns' living area was enlarged as much as about 2.5 times since 1985 and leisure space too. 2) Students' living schedule was not changed so much since 1985, but the distance of moving trace was increased because of addition of working time. 3) Their private living pattern was almost sitting style on the floor as ever, but the public space such as ones for guests, leisure and kitchen were transferred to chair -using style. 4) The average rate of daylight of nuns' living space was 1.3% during day time and average illumination was 33 Lux during night time. So their lighting conditions was insufficient for reading books.

An Approach to Structural and Thematic Binding

Shin, Kyung Sik 대한언어학회 2001 언어학 Vol.9 No.2

Shin, Kyung-sik 2001. An Approach bo Structural and Thematic Binding. The Lineuistic Association of Korea Journal, 9(2), 23-48. Chomsky (1981, 1986) and Chomsky and Lesnik (1993), among others, develop a theory of anaphora, the structural binding theory, in which the structural neticns of "c-command" and "government" are central ones. Pointing out some empirical problems with the structural binding theory, Reinhart and Reuland (1991, 1993) and develop a theory of anaphora, the thematic binding theory, in which the notion of the argument structure of a predicative head is a central one. Pointing cut some problems with the thematic binding theory, I will propose the structural and thematic binding theory, into which important insists from both the structural binding theory and the thematic binding theory are incorporated. (Korea Mlitary Academy)

CMOS 연산 증폭기 및 비교기 회로의 자동 설계

신현우,김천호,김득경,신창호,신경욱 國立金烏工科大學校附設生産技術硏究所 1994 産業技術開發硏究 Vol.10 No.-

The paper describes a CMOS analog circuit design tool, K_ACD(Kumoh_Analog Circuits Designer), and design results. The K_ACD was developed for automatic design of fundamental analog circuit blocks such as comparator, unbuffered OP AMP, and buffered OP AMP. For given specifications and process parameters, it computes bias currents, transistor sizes, voltage gain, and power dissipation, then SPICE simulations are automatically carried out. Some design examples show usefulness of the K_ACD in analog circuit designs.

노인의 대체요법 이용 양상에 대한 조사연구

신경림,박선영,신수진 성인간호학회 2004 성인간호학회지 Vol.16 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the using pattern of alternative therapies in the elderly. Method: 197 subjects, persons who were more than 60 years old, we interviewed. We modified and complemented Shin's(2000) instrument in accordance with purpose of this study. Data were analyzed statistically by using SAS program. Result: 1. It was shown that 66.84% of subjects have utilized one or more types of alternative therapy. 2. It was shown that the most frequently used types are acupuncture (48.83%), and ethmoid bone therapy (42.75%). 3. Acupuncture was shown to be the most satisfactory type of therapy (14.50%). 4. There was a significant difference in the use ratio by sex; female 73.47% and male 60.20%. 5. Among users of alternative therapies, the most frequent responses to each question were as follows: 1. Motive of Use - "for complete cure of symptoms" (32.31%). 2. Side effects - "no side effects" (95.97%). Conclusion: We found that elderly persons used alternative therapies more frequently than others perpulations. Diet therapy and Hand therapy were most commonly used in older people. Although the elderly use alternative therapy, they cannot place confidence in its scientific reliability. Therefore, we need to examine the effects of alternative therapy.

저체중 또는 과체중 청소년에서 캠프 프로그램을 이용한 영양 교육효과에 관한 연구

성미경,승정자,류화춘,박재년,박동연,최미경,조경옥,최선혜,이윤신,김유경,이은주 대한지역사회영양학회 2003 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.8 No.4

This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of a nutrition education program developed for nutritionally imbalanced adolescents. A summer nutrition camp was held for 23 overweight and 16 underweight subjects. Its effectiveness with regard to was evaluated at the end of the camp and 6 months later. Nutrition knowledge, nutritional attitude, food behavior, nutrient intake, exercise habit and ideal body figures desired by the subjects. The results showed significantly higher nutrition knowledge scores at the end of the camp as compared to those obtained prior to the camp program, and these scores were maintained for at least six months. Nutrition attitude scores also improved after the education program, and these improved scores also lasted for 6 months. However, the food behavior scores measured 6 months after the education program were not significantly different from those obtained prior to the camp. Also, the exercise habit, the ideal body figures and the body figures desired by the subjects remained unchanged. When nutrient intakes of subjects were assessed before the program and 6 months later, the mean daily vitamin C intake was significantly increased after the education program. Also, the intake of iron from plant food sources increased in the overweight subjects, while less iron from animal source were consumed by the underweight subjects. Both groups tended to consume more vegetables and fruits 6 months after the education program which may have contribute to the higher vitamin C and plant-based iron intakes. These results indicate that a 4-day nutrition education camp program sustained changes in nutrition knowledge and nutrition attitude for 6 months. The increased intake of vegetables and fruits was also achieved through this education program. However, changes in dietary behavior in adolescents may require repeated education.

팽이버섯의 저장성에 미치는 광석분말을 함유한 한지의 포장효과

이예경,신경옥,정유경,박범호,김순동 동아시아식생활학회 2004 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.14 No.5

The effect of polyethylene film(PE) packaging of golden mushroom wrapped with Korean paper containing 20% mica powder on the changes in weight, color, texture, PPO activity, number of total microbe(TM) and sensory quality during storage at 10℃ were investigated. The experiments were divided to 3 groups(control; only PE packaging, KP; PE packaging wrapped with Korean paper up and down of the sample, KPM; PE packaging with Korean paper containing 20% mica powder up and down of the sample). The weight of the mushroom in the KPM was the lowest until 9 days-storage, but the weight was the highest at 15 days-storage, showing 12.5% higher against the initial weight. L^(*) values of the mushrooms in the control and KP treatment were decreased, but the value in the KPM treatment was maintained as the same of the initial value during storage. The increasing rate of a^(*) and b^(*) values in the all plots during storage was the lowest in KPM and in order of KPM<KP<control. The activity of PPO and number of TM in the KPM treatment were maintained the lowest, but hardness and gumminess were maintained the highest during storage. Appearance of the mushroom stored for 15 days was the best, the degree of browning and softening were the lowest in the KPM. Off-flavor was lower in all plots, but the scores were the lowest in KPM. But further study on the fruit body was grown in the KPM at after-period of storage was required.

죽음불안 척도의 개발과 타당화

신경일(Kyung Il Shin),김두길(Du Gil Kim) 경성대학교 사회과학연구소 2018 社會科學硏究 Vol.34 No.4

본 연구에서는 한국성인들의 죽음불안 측정도구를 개발하고 척도의 타당도와 신뢰도를 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 선행연구와 기존의 도구들을 고찰하고 전문가들과의 토론 및 자문을 통해 43개의 1차 문항을 선정하였다. 1차 문항이 포함된 예비척도에 대한 자료는 부산, 경남지역에 거주하는 성인 143명(남자 50, 여자 93, 평균연령 48.4세)으로부터 수집되었다. 수집된 자료에 대한 탐색적 요인분석을 통해 23개 문항, 3개 요인이 추출되었다. 20~69세까지 한국 성인 남녀 248명(평균연령 52.3세)을 대상으로 25개 문항으로 제작된 2차 척도를 실시하여 나온 자료에 대한 확인적 요인분석 결과 14개 문항, 3요인모델이 최종 선택되었다. 제1요인은 자기자신의 죽음에 관련된 불안으로 명명하였으며 제2요인은 신과 사후심판에 대한 불안, 제3요인은 가족 등 중요한 타인에 미치는 영향에 대한 불안으로 명명하였다. 개발된 전체 척도의 신뢰도는 .882이었으며 요인1은 .879, 요인2는 .838, 요인3은 .763으로 대체로 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 구인타당도 및 공인타당도 검증을 위한 Templer의 죽음불안 척도, 죽음관여도 척도 및 특성불안과의 관계는 모두 수용할 수 있는 수준에서 나타났다. 아울러 본 연구에서 개발한 척도의 활용방안 및 연구의 제한점을 논의하였다. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a death anxiety scale for Korean adults. Through the literature review and interview with Korean adults, 150 items were developed. After discussion and consultation with professionals about death psychology, 43 items about death anxiety were selected. These items were the preliminary scale and administered to 143 Korean adults(male 50, female 93, average age 48.4) lived in Busan, Kyung-Nam province. Through the item analysis and exploratory factor analysis, 25 items of 3 factors were extracted. The scale consisting of 25 items was performed to the samples of 248 Korean adults (male 122, female 126, average age 52.3) and the confirmatory factor analysis was done. The results of the factor analysis showed evidence of construct validity. Although 23 items of the scale was shrunk into 14 items, the original three-factor structure was replicate. The three factors of this scale were named as follows: First, Anxiety about Self Death second, Anxiety about Existence of God and Judgement after Death. And the final was Anxiety about Remained Family Members. This scale demonstrated satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity. The correlation between Templer’s Death Anxiety Scale, Death Concern Scale and Trait Anxiety Scale seemed appropriate. Based on the results, the limitation of the study and the practical use of this scale were discussed.

환기정도에 따른 수술실용 신발 종류가 수술실 오염에 미치는 영향 : How to Choose Suitable Shoes?

남경동,정혜선,박영신,원진희,주미자,성화신,이지혜,이병희,조경숙,배재춘 한국의료QA학회 2000 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Background : Various types of protective footwear have been used to minimize bacterial contamination in operating rooms. In recent years, debate has arisen concerning the need for use of such protective footwear. This study was designed to provide useful data about choosing shoes most suitable for the surgical environment. Methods : Between November, 1999 and January, 2000, we performed this experimental study by comparing effect of three types of shoes (i.e., disposable shoescover, operating room-restricted shoes, and ordinary shoes) on bacterial contamination of operating rooms equipped with two different ventilation systems (i.e., high air-change, low air-change) respectively. Data were collected during two-hour sham operations in which subjects and their activities were strictly standardized. Bacterial flora were sampled from the study area floor and air colony-counts were measured. Results : In experiments involving high air-change ventilation system, there was a significant difference of floor contamination between three types of shoes, but no difference of air contamination. Under low air-change system, there was a significant difference of both floor and air contamination between three types of shoes. Conclusion : The results show that protective footwear would be unnecessary in the operating room with high air-change ventilation system, but it is important to choose suitable shoes carefully under low air-change system. Therefore, the use of outdoor shoes can be considered under high air-change system, but it would seem sensible to apply their first use in less bloody operations at the day surgery center or out-patient department to prevent transfer of body fluid into the outside environment.

Mn-SOD와 GST 유전자 다형성에 따른 유아의 산화손상지표의 분포

신유경(Shin, You-kyung),최지원(Choi, Ji-Won),오세영(Oh, Se-Young),정자용(Chung, Jayong) 한국영양학회 2015 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.48 No.6

우리나라 일부 건강한 유아를 대상으로 Mn-SOD Val16Ala, GSTP1 Ile105Val, GSTT1 present/null, GSTM1 present/null 유전자 다형성 분포를 살펴본 결과, Mn-SOD Val/Val형, GSTP1 Ile/Ile형, GSTT1 null 형, GSTM1 null 형이 주된 (major) 유전자형인 것으로 나타났다. 이 중 Mn-SOD Val/Val형은 Val/Ala 또는 Ala/Ala형에 비해 소변 8-OHdG 수준이 유의적이지는 않으나 높은 경향을 나타내었고, GSTP1 Ile/Ile형은 Ile/Val 또는 Val/Val형에 비해 소변 8-OHdG 수준이 유의적으로 낮았다. 간접흡연에의 노출 여부와 간접흡연-유전자 다형성의 상호 작용이 산화손상지표에는 유의적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 건강한 유아에서 GSTP1 Val allele 보유한 경우 산화적 손상에 대해 취약할 수 있음을 제시하며, 추후 대규모 연구를 통한 검증 및 이들 유전자형을 보유한 대상자를 위한 효과적인 영양 중재방안에 대한 고려가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. Purpose: Genetic polymorphisms in antioxidant defense and detoxification genes may modulate the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers. Methods: A total of 301 healthy preschool-aged children in the Seoul and Kyung-gi areas were recruited. DNA was extracted from blood for genotyping of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) Val16Ala, glutathione S-transferase (GST) P1 Ile105Val, GSTT1 present/null, and GSTM1 present/null polymorphisms by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism or multiplex PCR analyses. In addition to a questionnaire survey, the levels of urinary 8-hydroxyl-2-deoxiguanosine (8-OHdG) and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by ELISA. Results: Significantly higher urinary 8-OHdG concentrations were observed in GSTP1 Ile/Val + Val/Val genotype (p = 0.030), and tended to be higher in Mn-SOD Val/Val genotype (p = 0.065). On the other hand, exposure to environmental tobacco smoking (ETS) and interaction between ETS and gene polymorphisms did not significantly influence either urinary 8-OHdG concentrations or serum MDA. Conclusion: Based on our findings, GSTP1 Ile/Val gene polymorphisms might modulate the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in healthy preschool children.