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β-Difluoro-α-trimethylsilyl-γ-lactam 유도체의 합성
채규윤,곽경철,문재정,최장호 圓光大學校 基礎自然科學硏究所 2000 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.18 No.1
α-위치만 선택적으로 difluoromethylene기가 도입된 α.α-difluoro-γ-trimethylsilyl-γ-lactam 유도체(6)들은 ethyl α.α-difluoro-γ-trimethylsilyl-γ-iodopentanoate(4)는 일차아민 유도체와의 반응으로부터 비교적 편리한 작용조건과 비교적 좋은 수득률로 합성하였다. The target of α.α-difluoro-γ-trimethylsilyl-γ-lactam derivatives(6) with selectively in corporated difluoromethylene on α-position were readily prepared form reaction ethyl α.α-difluoro-γ-trimethylsilyl-γ-iodopentanoate(4) and primary derivatives in moderate yields.
Addition of α,α-Difluoroiodomethyl Ketones to Alkenes with a Copper Catalyst
Kyung Chell Kwak,Woo-Yiel Lee,Quan Zheshan,Young Hang Lee,Young-Gab Yun,Gyu Beum Kwak,Hun-Taeg Chung,Tae-Oh Kwon,Kyu Yun Chai* 대한화학회 2005 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.26 No.1
The addition reactions of α,α-difluoroiodomethyl n-butyl ketone, α,α-difluoroiodomethyl cyclohexyl ketone,or α,α-difluoroiodomethyl phenyl ketone to alkenes were successfully accomplished in good yields in the presence of copper powder. The reaction was also applicable to alkenes containing a variety of functional groups such as ester, trimethylsilyl, or ether group. Acetonitrile was determined to be the best solvent in the present study and the reaction was performed at 55 oC for 15-22 h. This reaction provides a new, efficient and general method for the synthesis of α,α-difluoro functionalized ketones.
Addition of α,α-Difluoroiodomethyl Ketones to Alkenes with a Copper Catalyst
Kwak, Kyung-Chell,Lee, Woo-Yiel,Zheshan, Quan,Lee, Young-Hang,Yun, Young-Gab,Kwak, Gyu-Beum,Chung, Hun-Taeg,Kwon, Tae-Oh,Chai, Kyu-Yun Korean Chemical Society 2005 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.26 No.1
The addition reactions of $\alpha$,$\alpha$-difluoroiodomethyl n-butyl ketone, α,α-difluoroiodomethyl cyclohexyl ketone, or $\alpha$,$\alpha$-difluoroiodomethyl phenyl ketone to alkenes were successfully accomplished in good yields in the presence of copper powder. The reaction was also applicable to alkenes containing a variety of functional groups such as ester, trimethylsilyl, or ether group. Acetonitrile was determined to be the best solvent in the present study and the reaction was performed at 55 ${^{\circ}C}$ for 15-22 h. This reaction provides a new, efficient and general method for the synthesis of $\alpha$,$\alpha$-difluoro functionalized ketones.
β-Fluoro-α-phenylpyrrole 유도체의 합성에 관한 연구
郭炅喆,吳賢哲,鄭悳商,李英行,白承和,金鍾洙,蔡奎允 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2001 基礎科學硏究 Vol.14 No.2
플루오르가 선택적으로 치환된 유기화합물은 모체 화합물 보다 향상된 생리활성을 지니는 경우가 많이 보고 된바 있다. 이는 할로젠족 원소인 플루오르의 큰 전기음성도 때문에 비교적 강한 탄소플루오르 결합 형성 및 증가된 리피드 용해도 때문이다. Pyrrole과 그의 유도체들은 폴리머, 의약품 그리고 염료 등에 광범위하게 사용되어 왔고 오래 전부터 잘 알려진 화합물이다. 최근 자연계에서 산출되거나 합성 가능한 플루오르가 선택적으로 치환된 fluoropyrrole 유도체들은 진통제, 소염제 및 살균제 등으로 다양하게 이용될 수 있음이 알려져 있기 때문에 fluoropyrrole 유도체의 합성에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 일반적으로 플루오르는 반응성이 매우 커서 유기화합물에 대한 선택적인 플루오르기의 도입이 극히 제한적이다.
鄭庚熙,韓相鐵 철도전문대학교 1992 論文集 Vol.9 No.1
내부지간의 길이가 같고 대칭구조이면서 휨강성(E1)이 일정한 연속보 교량의 지점 moment를 간결히 해석한다. 하중이 한 지간에만 작용할 때의 모든 지점 moment는 절점회전에 대한 적합조건으로 부터 유도한 계수들을 사용하여 직접 계산할 수 있다. 다시간에 다수의 하중이 작용할 경우는 중첩의 원리를 이용하여 쉽게 구할 수 있다. 이를 이용하여 3 또는 4지간 연속보의 지점 moment에 대한 식을 여기서 제시하였다. 또한 다지간의 연속보에 대해서는 일반적일 algorithm을 제시하였다. 이 방법의 실제적인 적용으로 연속보 교량에서 사하중과 차선하중에 의한 (-)최대 휨moment에 대한 종료형 공식을 제시하였다.
Kim, Sung-Kwan,Jun, Chang-Soo,Kwak, Kyung-Chell,Park, Kwang-Yong,Chai, Kyu-Yun Korean Chemical Society 2007 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.28 No.12
Organic fluorine chemistry produces many useful products. This paper elucidates the reaction of ethyl-4,4- difluoro-2-iodo-5-oxo-5-phenylpentanoate (2) with primary amines in a one-pot scheme. The reaction produced a series of β-fluoropyrrole derivatives at ambient temperatures. In this reaction, the less bulky the primary amine the higher was the resultant yield. When (2) and aqueous methylamine (40%) were allowed to react below 0 oC, 5-(ethoxycarboxyl)-1-methyl-3,3-difluoro-2-hydroxy-2-phenylpyrrolidine, an intermediate molecule for 2-ethyl-4-flouro-1-methyl-5-phenylpyrrole-2-carboxylate (5), was isolated first. Then, (5) reacted with hydroperchloric acid and acetic anhydride to form 5-(ethoxycarboxyl)-1-methyl-3,3-difluoro-2- phenylpyrrolinium perchlorate (6), which was converted to 2-ethyl-4-flouro-1-methyl-5-phenylpyrrole-2- carboxylate gradually in the presence of a base. Our experiments demonstrate that the formation of 2-ethyl-4- flouro-1-methyl-5-phenylpyrrole-2-carboxylate occurs via both one-pot schemes and stepwise pathways, depending on the reaction conditions. The isolation and characterization of the isolated intermediate (6) suggest an anionic pathway for this reaction.
Synthesis of 6-Alkyloxyl-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinoliones and Their Anticonvulsant Activities
Kyu-Yun Chai,Jun-Min Wang,노정래,Kyung-Chell Kwak,Hee-Cheol Kang,Chang-Soo Jun,Zhe-Shan Quan 대한화학회 2005 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.26 No.11
A series of 6-alkyloxyl-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinoliones (5a-5n) were synthesized through nitration, reduction, diazotization, hydrolysis and alkylation from 3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolione. Their structures were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR and MS. The anticonvulsant activity was evaluated by the Maximal electroshock test (MES) and the subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (Metrazole) test (sc-Met). The neurotoxicity was measured by the Rotarod test (Tox). The result showed that 6-hexyloxy-3,4-dihydro-2 (1H)-quinolinone (5c) was potent in anti-MES and anti-scMet test with ED50 of 24.0 mg/kg and 21.2 mg/kg, respectively, albeit its TD50 (67.6 mg/kg) revealed the high neurotoxicity. 6-Benzyloxy-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone (5f) was less effective against MES induced seizure with ED50 of 29.6 mg/kg, but no neurotoxicity was observed even under 300 mg/kg. Its Protective index (PI) was greater than 10 preferable to Phenytoin, Carbamazepin, Phenobarbital and Valproate.
Seon Il Jang,Young-Jun Kim,Woo-Yiel Lee,Kyung Chell Kwak,Seung Hwa Baek,Gyu Beum Kwak,Young-Gab Yun,Tae-Oh Kwon,Hun Taeg Chung,Kyu-Yun Chai 대한약학회 2005 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.28 No.2
Scoparone is a major component of the shoot of Artemisia capillaris (Compositae), which has been used for the treatment of hepatitis and biliary tract infection in oriental countries. In the present study we observed that, scorparone exhibited no cytotoxic effect in unstimulated macrophages, but reduced the release of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) upon stimulation by IFN-γ/LPS or LPS. The inhibitory effects were found to be in conjuction with the suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in IFN-γ/LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, scoparone also attenuated the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. These results suggest that scoparone decreases the production of the inflammatory mediators such as NO and PGE2 in macrophages by inhibiting iNOS and COX-2 expression.