국내 보완·대체 치료 간호학 논문의 연구동향 분석

양난영,신경림 성인간호학회 2003 성인간호학회지 Vol.15 No.2

This study is to analyze the research rends centering on the theses related to CAT released in nursing of Korea. Method: The researcher collected the academic degrees and theses published on the book of the academic society from 1980 to 2001, and examined 88 domestic dissertations on nursing science of the CAT. Result: 1) By department, the results were: the nursing thesis 88(43.3%), medical field 45(22.1%), psychologyㆍconsulting education 28(14%). 2) In the type of the CAT in nursing, the results were: acupressure 28(31.5%), Dan-Jeon Breathing 14(15.7%) aroma therapy 5(5.6%) in order. 3) The number of theses increase every year after 1997. 4) As for the type of study design, the results were: the experimental research had the most(47), and the survey research(30). 5) As for the subject, the results were: patients with disease(44), healthy adults(29), literate(9) and medical staff were only 6 theses. 6) in the theme of the theses, the results were: the effect of therapy(76), the experience of therapy(26), adaptation of nursing of therapy(11) and literature reviews were 7. Conclusion: More research needs to be encouraged in the unsatisfactory fields. Researches should be conducted to extend into the practical fields as Korea nursing mediation, project for the establishment of health polices should be conducted.

침적 모형에 의한 습성침적 플럭스 수치모의

이화운,문난경,임주연 한국환경과학회 2002 한국환경과학회지 Vol.11 No.12

The purpose of this study is to estimate wet deposition flux and to investigate wet deposition characteristics by using the ADOM model. Wet deposition flux of high reactive SO_2 is estimated by applying observed meteorological parameters and concentrations of chemical species to the ADOM model. Wet deposition is largely dependent on large scale precipitation and cloud thickness. Wet deposition flux of sulfate increases, but wet deposition flux of SO_2 is small. On the whole, the pattern of sulfate flux agrees with the typical pattern of sulfate wet deposition that is high in the summer(July) and low in the winter(January)

상전환 공정 이중구조막의 형상에 있어 침지용 비용매가 미치는 영향

이근우,서범경,임난주,한명진 한국공업화학회 2003 응용화학 Vol.7 No.1

Polusulfone scintillation proximity membranes of a double-layered structure wereprerared with Cerium Activated Yttrium Silicate (CAYS) impregnated in a membranestructure. Using the prepared membranes, the radioactivity of an area contamintedby radionuclids can be monitored without any scintillation cocktail The membranewere fromed through two separate casting and coagulation processes. The transparentand dense support layer was obtained by solidifying a polysulfone-methylene chloridebinary solution through vacuum. CAYS-dispersed polymer solutions were cast over the top of solidified, transparent polymer films and coagulated by immersing into acoagulation bath, containing either water or isopropanol. The prepared membranesconsist of double layers. The bottom laver is a dense. pure polymer film. and thetop works as an active layer to detect a radioactive contamination .The membrane structures are significantly different depending on the nonsolvent type.

지표면의 종류에 따른 오존의 건성침적속도에 관한 수치모의

이화운,노순아,문난경 한국대기환경학회 2003 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.19 No.5

Ozone is an important atmospheric pollutant that is occurred in tropospheric chemical process and it also affects the human health and plants. For a correct application of abatement strategies for ozone, it is necessary to understand the factors that control atmospheric ozone removal by dry deposition processes. The present study investigates the numerical simulation of the dry deposition velocity(V_(d)) obtained from PNU/DEM(Pusan National University Deposition Model). PNU/DEM includes seasonal categories, meteorological factors, surface properties and land-use types and proposes for and accurate numerical computation. And, this study examines the ability of the PNU/DEM to compute V_(d) of ozone over water surfaces and evaluates PNU/DEM by comparing its estimated V_(d) to past observed V_(d) over water. The parametrization was found to yield V_(d) values generally in good agreement with the observations for the deciduous forest and the coniferous forest. Ozone is removed slowly at wet surface of water due to its low water solubility. Therefore V_(d) values over water were lower than V_(d) values over the other surfaces. Comparison of PNU/DEM simulated V_(d) values to observations of ozone V_(d) that have been reported in the literature implies that PNU/DEM produces realistic results.

지표면 wetness에 따른 오존의 건성침적속도 특성

이화운,김유근,문난경 한국환경과학회 2003 한국환경과학회지 Vol.12 No.4

It has been researched the relationship between deposition velocity and factors which could affect the deposition phenomena and deposition velocity also has been estimated for several land-use types. The typical deposition velocities are complex functions of surface types, atmospheric stabilities, friction velocities, air pollutants and so on. The canopy resistance is major contribution to the model's total resistance for O_3. Canopy wetness is also an important factor to calculate deposition velocity, We considered the canopy wetness as canopy water content(CWC) in our Model, But, it is not easy to observe CWC over each land-use types. In this study, we use CWC observed by EMEFS(CANADA Environment Service, 1988) to examine the influence of CWC in estimation of O_3 dry deposition velocity(V_4) in summertime. The value of O_3 V_4 range 0.2~0.7㎝ s^-4 on dry surface and 0.01~0.35㎝ s^-4 on wet surface in daytime.

Pattern Recognition Using Neural Networks with Hough Parameters as Inputs

Nan Kyoung Park,Hea Dong Chang,Kwang Ick Kim 대한전자공학회 1993 대한전자공학회 워크샵 Vol.1993 No.-

TWO APPROACHES IN HAGGLING: A KOREAN MARKET PERSPECTIVE

Kyoung-Nan Kwon,Yoo Jin Kwon 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2017 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2017 No.07

Bargain shopping provides financial benefits and psychological pleasure to shoppers. Bargain shopping is fundamentally responsive behavior in that shoppers respond to various deals offered by retailers or manufacturers in the form of coupons, in-store discounts, or rebates. No matter how actively shoppers search, there are no deals available unless manufacturers or retailers offer them. This type of bargain shopping is found in most countries in the world that adopt market economy system. Haggling is another form of bargain shopping, which involves a process of direct and active price negotiation between a shopper (i.e., buyer) and a seller. Haggling is rarely found in institutionalized retail systems of Western countries. In Asian countries such as South Korea, it is customary to negotiate for lower price not only with street vendors or in free-standing stores in traditional market places but also in the conventional retail stores located in metropolitan shopping areas. In Korea, even foreign travelers are often advised not to buy at the initial offer price. The travelers experience difficulties negotiating with sellers because they rarely have such haggling experience in their own cultures. We view haggling as another form of bargain shopping that is uniquely observed in Asian cultures. However, it has been hardly researched in mainstream marketing literature. The purpose of our study is to explore the nature of haggling experience from a shopper’s perspective. Uncovering the underlying dynamics of the haggling process will provide rich insights into the understanding of retail markets of Asian countries. A qualitative interview was conducted with eighteen individuals who were known as or who reported to be a good haggler. Ten participants were male and the rest were female. Participants’ age raged from 20 to 27 years old. Fourteen were college students and all but one were Koreans. Interviews were conducted in Korean except for the one international exchange student. Semi-structured interviews were conducted for about an hour with each individual. Data included their experiences of shopping including haggling, strategies to obtain good deals, and feelings of bargaining. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed with open coding and a focused coding method. Participants reported they haggled over the price of various goods including clothes, consumer electronics, and mobile phone in various retail shops except for department stores and high-end brand stores. Even the foreign participant mentioned they haggled with sellers otherwise she would have felt being ripped off. The first theme emerged is that haggling is grounded on consumer’s shopping capital. It seems natural for Korean participants to engage in the price negotiation. They had informally learned effective haggling from their parents and older siblings during their childhood and from peers and friends after they grew up. They reported that they learned to haggle otherwise they would be overcharged. They develop various skills based on their own and other shoppers’ experiences. This learning process reflects the role of shopping capital in haggling, context-specific form of human capital (Kwon & Kwon, 2007; Ratchford, 2001). Consumers hold various levels of shopping capital. Shoppers employ different shopping strategies to maximize their shopping value depending on the degree of the possession of shopping capital (Kwon & Kwon, 2013). Likewise, haggling is bargain shopping that utilizes their holdings of shopping capital for financial benefits. Hagglers negotiate for better prices using the knowledge and skills that they obtained, accumulated, and updated over time. Hagglers hold a set of skills, such as pretending not to have much interest, or starting from an unreasonably low price and going upward rather than downward in negotiation. The shopping capital applied in this type of haggling is considered as general, including product knowledge, retail system, and price and promotion information, which is transferrable to other shopping contexts. Competitive disposition was observed in haggling drawing upon shopping capital. These hagglers stated that they felt a sense of accomplishment and had a pride of having expertise and control over the negotiation process. One participant mentioned haggling as a “zero-sum game.” Haggling is to buy at the lowest possible price and win over the seller or other shoppers. The second theme emerged is that haggling is grounded on consumer’s relationshiporiented disposition. The focus of relationship-oriented haggler was less on their expertise and shopping knowledge. They pursued good deals drawing upon the relationships established over time and/or the feelings of closeness and relatedness with the sellers at the point of sales. This type of hagglers makes conscious efforts to build and maintain good relations with the sellers of the stores that they patronize. Participants stated that they sometimes stop by the store just to say hi. The recommended the store to friends and brought it up to the sellers on their next visit. In the case of shopping at a new store, they tried to make good impressions by smiling, having good manners, or talking kindly to the seller. One participants stated that he tried to create a sense of connection with the seller by asking personal questions: “where are you from?” “What high school did you go to?” “Where do you live now?” “Do you watch X drama?” This feeling of connection provides the foundation for friendly negotiation and makes it difficult for the seller to say no to their request for discount. Cooperative disposition was observed in relationship-oriented haggling. These hagglers view the negotiation process as a way of obtaining the outcome that benefits both parties (i.e., shoppers and sellers). The lowest possible price is not the goal of their negotiation. Their goal is to reach the optimal price point that is cheap enough for the shopper and, at the same time, that yields a reasonable profit to the seller as well. Seeking for the mutual interest is the most distinctive aspect of this deal shopping, in contrast to the competitive disposition of shopping capital-based hagglers. Relationship-oriented hagglers emphasized the importance of trust. Even in the stores that they visit first time, the hagglers determine whether they can trust the seller based on their appearance and manners of conversation. Feelings of trust appear to be the necessary condition to proceed to the negotiation process in pursuit of reaching at the price point that benefits both parties. This cooperative disposition of haggling reflects the value of Asian culture emphasizing the harmony and interdependence among the members of a social system. The two types of haggling discussed above, the competitive shopping capital-based and the cooperative relationship-oriented haggling, should not be understood as mutually exclusive categories. Although some participants showed a strong tendency of one or the other category, a good number of participants appeared to take hybrid approaches of a goal-driven competitive disposition and, at the same time, being considerate of the seller’s interest. The findings present implications for understanding the intertwining nature of global and local consumption. The former type of haggling is based on the human capital that is applicable in the global consumption context as well as in multi-shopping channels. Savvy shoppers from any corner of the world would shop at global shopping sites (e.g., Amazon.com) based on their shopping capital. They also adeptly shop while traveling abroad. On the other hand, the latter type of haggling is based on performance of interpersonal communication in the local shopping context, mostly at brick-and-mortar retail stores that adopt free-price system. Because this distinctive type of haggling requires face-to-face contact, it is mainly applicable to local shopping experience. However, some online shopping sites began allowing price negotiation through chat rooms, we believe that the utility of relationship-oriented haggling would be more extensive in the global context in the future, which warrants further studies. Our study is one of the first scholarly efforts that attempt to explore the nature of price haggling in retail contexts. The two distinctive approaches of price negotiation appear to utilize different sources of expertise and have different assumptions based on and goals to achieve. These findings of Korean retail market can provide a foundational understanding toward more broad explorations of unique haggling behaviors in various Asian cultures. More future research is suggested in other Asian countries related to this topic.

Application of State-of-the-Art Air Quality Model "CMAQ" : Two case studies; 1) TexAQS 2000 (Regional High Ozone Episode) 2) Link CMAQ with Global Chemistry Model

Nan-Kyoung Moon(문난경),Daewon W. Byun 강원대학교 환경연구소 2004 環境硏究 Vol.21 No.-

대기질 예측 시스템 구축 2

Nan Kyoung Moon,Soon Tae Kim,Daewon W Byun,Kang Yeol Lee 한국환경정책평가연구원 2007 기본연구보고서 Vol.2007 No.-

Species Diversity of Caterpillars on Feeding on the foliage Willow Trees (Salix spp.) in the Korean Penninsula

Kyoung Nan Park,Kang Woon Lee,Hong Yul Seo 한국응용곤충학회 2014 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.10

Most caterpillars, the larvae of butterflies and moths(Lepidoptera), are herbivorous. Sometimes they are regarded as serious agricultural pest that cause to damage agricultural produce, whereas some species such as Bombyx mori is known to be valued as sources of silk. Even though their major role in the ecosystem, details of biology are poorly known for most species. This study has been carried out to identify larvae and to acquire useful biological information of insect larvae through rearing from 1997 to 2014 in HECRI(Holoce Ecosystem Conservation Research Institution). From 2012 HECRI are carrying out ‘Larvae Identification and Specimen Security of Primary Endemic Moths in Korea Peninsula through Rearing’ supported by National Institute of Biological Resources(NIBR). Of these this study is the list about special caterpillars feeding on the foliage Willow Trees (Salix spp.) Total 143 species belonging to 13 families were collected and identified 69 species belonging to 12 families. Among them Willow Treesdependent monophagous caterpillars are 34 species belonging to 5 families, oligophagous 36 species belonging to 3 families and polyphagous 16 species belonging to 12 families. The dominant family is Geometridae(51 species), second is Noctuidae(35 species) and followed by Notodontidae(21 species).