남산의 소나무림, 신갈나무림, 아까시나무림의 낙엽생산과 토양유기탄소 동태

정헌모 ( Heon Mo Jeong ),김해란 ( Hae Ran Kim ),신동훈 ( Dong Hoon Shin ),이경미 ( Kyoung Mi Lee ),이승혁 ( Seung Hyuk Lee ),한영섭 ( Young Sub Han ),장래하 ( Rae Ha Jang ),이상경 ( Sang Kyeong Lee ),김태규 ( Tae Kyu Kim ),유영한 한국환경생물학회 2013 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.31 No.2

남산의 소나무림, 신갈나무림 그리고 아까시나무림에서 2008년 1월부터 2009년 12월까지의 월별 낙엽생산량과 토양의 유기탄소량을 조사하였다. 소나무림은 2008년과 2009년 모두 10월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 많았으며, 2008년 1월과 2009년 12월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 적었다. 신갈나무림은 2008년과 2009년 모두 11월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 많았으며, 2월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 적었다. 아까시나무림은 2008년 11월과 2009년 10월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 많았으며, 2008년 1월과 2009년 12월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 적었다. 이것은 한반도 중부에서 상록성의 소나무림이 낙엽성의 참나무숲 보다 더 일찍 낙엽이 진다는 것을 의미한다. 소나무림과 신갈나무림, 아까시나무림의 2년 평균의 낙엽생산량은 7.07, 6.36, 5.02 ton ha-1로 소나무가 가장 많았다. 소나무림과 신갈나무림, 아까시나무림의 2년 평균의 토양유기탄소량은 76.2, 68.6, 72.5 ton C ha-1로 소나무림에서 가장 많았다. 이처럼 소나무숲에서 높게 나타난 것은 남산에서 신갈나무나 아까시나무를 벌목하여 임목밀도가 줄었기 때문이다. The objective of this study was to estimate dynamics of litter production and soil organic carbon of Pinus densiflora forest, Quercus mongolica forest, and Rhobina pseudo-acasia forest at Mt. Nam as a part of Korea National Long-Term Ecological Research (KNLTER) from 2008 to 2009. Litter production of P. densiflora forest was the highest in October 2008, 2009 and the lowest in January 2008 and December 2009. Litter production of Q. mongolica forest was the highest in November and the lowest in February in 2008 and 2009. Litter production of R. pseudo-acacia forest was the highest in November in 2008 and October in 2009 and the lowest in January in 2008 and December in 2009. It means that leaves of P. densiflora forest shed earlier than deciduous oak forests in Korean central region. An average of litter production for 2 years was 7.07, 6.36, 4.66 ton ha-1 in P. densiflora forest, Q. mongolica forest, R. psuedo-acacia forest, respectively. An average of soil organic carbon matter for 2 years was 88.3, 76.5, 84.2 ton ha-1 in P. densiflora forest, Q. mongolica forest, R. psuedo-acacia forest, respectively.

智異山의 高度別 鳥類 分布에 관한 生態學的 硏究

河慶三,咸奎晃 慶南大學校 附設 基礎科學硏究所 1994 硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.-

A writer inquire into community structure of birds living in the Mt. Chiri area by 12 times from October 15, 1988 to September 25, 1989, and came to a conclusion of 'below' 1. Birds living in the Mt. Chiri area were found out 70 species, 26 families, 10 order. 2. The areas of Distribution by altitude: 1) The area of 'A'(below 850 m above sea level) was 1,053 birds, 60 species. 2) The area of 'B'(from 850 m to 1,450 m) was 493 birds, 35 species. 3) The area of 'C'(from 1,450 m to 1,915 m) was 51 birds, 10 species. 3. Dominant species in the inquiry area was Crow Tit, paradoxornis webbiana (14.92%), and next was Long-tailed Tit, Aegithalos caudatus(7.21%), Varied Tit, Parus varius (5.58%) and Marsh Tit, Parus palustris(5.52%). 4. Seasonal distribution was Resident(73.18%), Summer visitor(9.96%), Winter visitor(12.21%) and Passage Migrant(4.26%). 5. Individuals groups more the 10 individuals were 27 species in A area(38.57%) , 14 species in B area(40.00%) and 2 species in C area(20.00%). And more than 50 individuals wore 6 species in A area(41.12%), 2 species in B area(37.72%) and not species in C area. 6. Diversity was 2.792 in A area, 2.184 in B area and 0.611 C area and the lower was altitude, the higher was diversity. 7. Species incidence was following the order of Brambling, Fringilla montifringilla (40.00), Rustic Bunting, Emberiza rustca(18.50), Crow Tit, Paradoxornis webbiana (19.83) and Yellow-throated Bunting, Emberiza elegans(16.40).

핀형 열교환기를 적용한 자동차용 공조시스템의 성능특성에 관한 연구

홍경한,하옥남 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 2003 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.25 No.2

Fin-type heat exchanger has been tested in order to replace the heat exchanger of P.F-type which is now used in automobile air conditioner system. The comparative characteristics performance test and data analysis showed the following conclusion. Evaporator and condenser capacities and COP changed as the compressor speed, outdoor air temperature and air rate changed, which much influenced the air conditioner system. COP decreased as the outdoor air temperature goes up and compressor speed increases and the COP of Fin-type increased by 14% compared which taht of P.F-type. Comparative experiment showed that the Fin-type proved to be better than the P.F-type in overall performance. It is concluded that Fin-type is more efficient in terms of energy saving and engine power enhancement. The Fin-type is expected to be more favorable in near future.

선천성 결손치에 관한 임상적 연구

정해경,양연미,김재곤,백병주,정진우,김하나,김미아 大韓小兒齒科學會 2009 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.36 No.2

The congenital missing of teeth is common, which takes place since the proliferation and differentiation are not allowed in that tooth bud fail to start development. The purpose of this study is to research incidence rate, number, and missing part of congenital missing teeth, and to study whether a person who has missing teeth has other abnormality of teeth or not. For this study, 1,520 subjects(aged 2.9~17) who had visited pediatric dentist department of Chonbuk national university dental hospital within 2 years were examined with an panoramic radiograph ; exempting third molar missing state. The obtained results are as follows. 1. 8.88% among total subjects show missing teeth ; male 9.05%, female 8.64% 2. The most frequently missing permanent teeth were the mandibular second premolars(22.3%). The most frequently missing primary teeth are mandibular lateral incisors(50%). 3. 43.3% patients have one permanent missing tooth, 34.3% have two, and 10.4% have more than six, respectively. In primary teeth, 86.7% patients have one missing tooth, and 13.3% have two missing teeth. 4. 18 patients(13.3%) have missing teeth as well as hyperdontia, while some patients have microdont, ectopic eruption, and fusion teeth. 치아의 선천성 결손은 치배의 발육이 시작되지 못하여 치아의 증식, 분화가 일어나지 못함으로서 발생하는 흔한 치아의 발육 이상이다. 이 연구의 목적은 선천성 결손치의 발생률, 결손치의 수, 발생부위와 결손치 환자에게서 나타난 다른 치아이상의 발생여부를 조사하는 것이다. 본 연구는 2006년 7월부터 2008년 6월까지 전북대학교 소아치과에 내원하여 파노라마를 촬영한 1,520명의 환자(2.9~17세)를 대상으로 제 3 대구치를 제외한 선천성 결손치의 분포를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 전체 1,520명 중 총 8.88%에서 결손치가 관찰되었으며, 남자가 9.05%, 여자가 8.64%에서 결손치가 관찰되었다. 2. 총 350개의 영구 결손치 중 하악 제 2 소구치가 22.3%로 가장 발생률이 높았고, 하악 측절치, 상악 제 2 소구치, 하악 중절치, 상악 측절치 순이었다. 또한 총 18개의 유치 결손치 중 하악 유측절치가 가장 높은 발생률(50%)을 보였다. 3. 1개의 영구치 결손치를 가지는 환자는 43.3%, 2개는 34.3%, 3개는 6,7%, 4개는 1.5%, 5개는 3.7%, 6개 이상은 10.4%이었다. 또한 유치 결손치의 수는 1개는 86.7%, 2개는 13.3%이었다. 4. 결손치가 있는 환자 중 과잉치를 가지는 환자는 18명(13.3%)이 있었으며, 왜소치, 이소맹출, 융합치 등의 치아이상을 지닌 환자도 관찰되었다.

한국인 집단의 COL2A1 좌위 초변이성의 유전적 특성

이하규,최희경 가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 1997 자연과학논문집 Vol.18 No.-

인간의 게놈 내에 초변이성 좌위(hypervariable regions: HVRs)라 불리는 다형적 염기서열은 널리 분포하고 있으며 중요한 유전적 마커로서 이용되고 있다. 이러한 마커들은 연관지도 작성, 개체 동정, 유전적 질환과의 관계, 법의학적 목적 등의 여러 분야에 유용하게 사용되고 있다. 본 연구는 minisatellite인 COL2A1 좌위에 대해 한국인 집단에서 임의적인 표본을 대상으로 amp-FLP 분석을 시행하였으며, 대립유전자(allele)의 통계 분석을 통해 한국인 집단의 유전적 특성을 조사하였다. Type Ⅱ collagen 유전자(COL2A1)는 인간의 12번 염색체에 위치하고 있으며, 한국인 집단에서는 대립유전자 A10에서 A16까지 관찰되었다. 그 크기는 574bp에서 767bp까지 다양하였으며, 대립유전자 A12(28.7%%)와 A10(32.5%)이 높은 빈도로 나타난 bimodal pattern으로 분포하였다. 이형접합율은 0.78이었고, PIC(polymorphism information content) 값은 0.75로써 다형성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. Polymorphism in genome can be estimated identical polymorphic genetic loci which enable to compare data among population. Hypervariable regions are wildly spread in human genome and provide as useful genetic marker. These markers are performed usefully much field of linkage mapping construction, indivisual identification, genetic disease and forensic science etc. In this study, minisatellite (COL2A1) were analyzed by amp-FLP with random samples in Krean population and performed genetic characteristic of Korean population through statistical analysis. Type Ⅱ collagen(COL2A1) gene on human chromosome 12 was observed allele from A10 to A16 in Korean population, diverse from 574bp to 767bp in size. Allele frequency distribution was bimodal pattern, allele A10(32.5%) and Al2 (28.7%) were peaks, and highly polymorphic as PIC(polymorphism information content) value 0.75.

폐흡충에 의한 무균성 노흉에 대한 돼지꼬리형 도관(pig-tail catheter)을 이용한 치료의 효과

한경택,권세훈,김형호,하재화,선길홍,권용은,윤성호,이승일 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2006 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.31 No.3

Background: Pulmonary paragonimiasis is caused by consumption of raw or improperlycooked crustacea infected with the laval stage (metacercaria) of Paragonimus westermani. The most characteristic symptoms were rust-colored sputum and cough. Paragonimiasis causes pleural thickening or effusion in 48% of the patients. Pleuro-pulmonary paragonimiasis can be easily overlooked by physicians who do not suspect this disease in the differential diagnosis. Method: We compared the outcomes of 11 patients with paragonimus empyema managed either through thoracotomy or pig-tail catheter drain. These patients were confirmed by food history, clinical and radiological findings, and laboratory data. Results: The male and female ratio was 1.75 : 1, and mean age was 40.0 ± 13.5 years. AII patients had pulmonary symptoms such as cough or chest pain. Serum-ELISA for paragonimiasis were all positive (mean titer was 0.57). AII patients had pleural effusion in radiological findings( 2 patients had bilateral pleural effusion). All patients received praziquantel (75 ㎎/㎏/day for 3days). Two patients were treated with thoracotomy and nine patients were treated with pig-tail drain. Hospital stay were 14.5 days in thoracotomy group and 5.6 days in pig-tail group respectively, Conclusion: Compared to the conventional thoracotomy grouP, the patients with paragonimus empyema who received pig-tail catheters had a significantly-decreased period of drain in situ, were clinically improved earlier, and were discharged earlier.

스포츠 스타 모델의 신상변화가 광고와 제품평가에 미치는 연구

신경하 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.2

The objective of the research which it sees will examine and there probably is what kind of change to the current advertisement where the sports star which is hundred million advertisement models is Changing the Personal Attitude and product evaluation there is a place objective which provides the fundamental data in that change, it will be able to dispose. From the hazard which examines closely the effect where the personal Changing the Personal Attitude of the advertisement model have an effect on an advertisement and a product evaluation Seoul which is in the process of attending in the 6 female university and university 1, 2 grades which except the physical training subject student, college lifestyle of the condition area 343 person (the man: 187 people, the woman : 156 people) it did in the object.The statistical analysis method which hazard is used a data analysis used paired sample. T-test with Multiple Regression Analysis. It followed in objective of research and the data analysis which becomes accomplished it led and a same conclusion with after words it got. First, it is a sports star and from the advertisement which appears with the bid advertisement model which it kicks out hard the current advertisement attitude which is attitude toward the advertisement, attitude toward the brand any effect it was not widely known, the famous entertainer from the advertisement which appears with this advertisement model which it gives ti appeared with the fact that it is effect to the current advertisement attitude which is Changing the Personal Attitude and product attitude. Second, with expertness of the sports star in attribute of the advertisement model the average of trustworthiness came to seem to be higher average of the famous entertainer than the sports star model the famous entertainer model compared to with the fact that it receives a high evaluation from expertness and trustworthiness portion. Third, trustworthiness, expertness, attractiveness in the attribute of the sports star, it appeared with the fact that it has an effect on an advertisement attitude and a product attitude generally. Trustworthiness, expertness, and attractiveness which is a fourth, famous entertainer model attribute, it appeared with the fact that effect it has and effect on and advertisement attitude and a product attitude generally. Fifth, the advertisement attitude of the famous entertainer who is dignity whole result. Changing the Personal Attitude appears more highly advertisement attitude of the sports star than and the sports star which is Changing the Personal Attitude is like that but there was a possibility of seeing with the fact that the advertisement attitude is better the famous entertainer than against a product attitude an all same price the sports star and famous entertainer two it was visible.

자동차 공조용 핀형 열교환기의 성능특성에 관한 연구

홍경한,전상신,이승재,박찬수,권일욱,김재열,김병철,하옥남 한국공작기계학회 2004 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.13 No.4

Fin-tube type(Fin-type) heat exchanger has been tested in order to replace the heat exchanger of parallel flow type(P.F-type) which is now widly used in automobile air conditioning system. The following conclusions are drawn by the comparison of the characteristics of the heat exchangers. Evaporator and condenser capacities and COP(Coefficience of performance) were varied as with the compressor speed, outdoor air temperature and air flow rate changed, which much influenced on the characteristics of the air conditioning system. Evaporator and condenser capacities were increased with increasing compressor speed and outdoor air temperature. Evaporator and condenser pressures of Fin- type were decreased by 7% and 5% respectively compared with those of P.F-type. The COP of Fin-type was decreased with increasing outdoor air temperature and compressor speed. The COP of P.F-type was decreased by 14% compared with that of Fin-type.

저항을 이용한 프로판-공기 혼합가스의 점화한계 개선에 관한 연구

이춘하,오종용,옥경재,지승욱,이광식,심광렬 한국화재소방학회 2004 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.18 No.1

본 논문은 IEC형 불꽃점화 시험장치를 이용하여 저압 유도회로의 최소 점화한계를 프로판-공기 5.25 Vol.%의 혼합 가스에 대하여 실험적으로 구하였으며, 또한 유도회로의 인덕턴스 L에 안전소자로서 저항을 병렬접속하였을 경우 프로판-공기 5.25 Vol.%의 혼합 가스에 대한 점화한계 개선효과를 관찰하였다. 그 결과, 최소 점화한계는 전류의 크기에 따라 좌우되었다 또한, 전원으로부터 공급되는 에너지는 인덕턴스에 우선 축적되고. 그 초과분의 에너지가 폭발성 가스의 점화원으로 작용하였다. 점화한계 개선효과는 인덕턴스가 300 mH일 때, 최고 330%의 개선효과가 나타났으며 인덕턴스가 클수록 점화한계 개선효과가 크게 나타났다. 또한 병렬로 접속한 저항의 크기가 적을수록 점화한계 개선 효과가 크다. 본 연구결과는 본질안전 방폭형 전기기기의 연구개발을 위한 기본자료로 활용할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 이들 기기의 방폭성능에 대한 시험자료로도 활용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다. This paper describes the minimum ignition limits for propane-air 5.25 Vol.% mixture gases in low voltage inductive circiuts. The improved effects on the ignition limit are studied by parallel safety components(resistors) for propane-air 5.25 Vol.% mixture gas in low voltage inductive circuits. The experimental devices used in this test are the IEC type spark ignition test apparatus. The minimum ignition limits are controlled by the values of current in inductive circuit. Energy supplied from elect source is first accumulated at the inductance, it's extra energy is working as ignition source of the explosive gas. The improved effects on the ignition limit are respectively obtained as the maximum rising rate of 330% by composing parallel circuits between inductance and resistor as compared with disconnecting inductance with the safety components. The more values of inductance increase the higher improved effects of ignition limit rise. The less values of resistor the higher improved effects of ignition limit rise. It is considered that the result can be used for not only data for researches and development of intrinsically safe explosion-proof machines which are applied equipment and detectors used in dangerous areas but also for datum for its equipment tests.

판토마임과 음성언어의 동시 자극법이 발달지체 아동의 언어능력 향상에 미치는 효과

김경숙,권도하 대구대학교 2005 대구대학교 학술논문집 Vol.1 No.1

본 연구는 4명의 발달지체 아동의 언어능력 향상을 위해 판토마임과 음성언어의 동시 자극법의 효과를 제안하였다. 대상자는 PLS의 정상아동과 비교 하였을 때 1년 이상 발달상으로 지체된 아동들로써 20~28개월의 범위였다. 본 연구는 사전단계, 치료단계, 사후단계의 구성으로써 A-B설계를 이용하여 아동의 사전, 사후 단계에서 아동과 치료사의 놀이상황에서 구어샘플을 두 번 수집하여 언어의미관계, 평균발화길이, 의사소통행동평가를 분석하였다. 결과 첫째, 대상 아동 모두에게서 한 단어 의미관계의 비율이 낮아지고, 두 단어 및 세 단어의 의미관계의 발생은 증가되었다. 둘째, 대상 아동 모두 평균 발화길이는 감소하였다. 셋째, 의사소통 시작하기 행동이 높은 비율로써 나타났으며, 비언어 행동들은 감소하였고, 언어를 사용한 의사소통해동은 증가하였으며, 의사소통 반응에 있어 언어반응성의 정확성이 높아졌다. 이상으로, 판토마임과 음성언어의 동시 자극법을 이용한 치료가 언어능력 향상에 있어 효과적이었다고 나타났다. This study is intended for investigating the effects of simultaneous stimulation of pantomime and verbal language on the improvement of linguistic competence of 4 developmentally delayed children. The subjects are 20~28 months old who are developmentally retarded more than 1 year compared to normal children on PLS. This study utilized an A-B design with pre-test stage, treatment stage and post-test stage, and the change in (1) semantic relations of language, (2) mean length of utterance in morphemes and (3) communicative behaviors were analyzed by collecting twice the speech samples in unstructured play situation between pathologist and children in the stage of pre-test stage and post-test stage. The results showed the following: First, the rate of semantic relation of a word in expressive language was decreased in all subjects, and occurrence of two or three words was increased. Second, the mean length of utterance in morphemes in all the children increased. Third, the commencing communicative behavior showed in higher rate, non-liguistic behavior decreased with the increase of communicative behavior using language, and the accuracy of linguistic reaction out of the 'reaction to communication' became higher. In conclusion, the simultaneous stimulation using both the pantomime and the verbal language was effective in improving the linguistic compete.