논문(論文) : 동해 해전과 독도의 전략적 가치 -러일전쟁과 일본의 독도 강탈을 중심으로 한 고찰-

김화경 ( Hwa Kyong Kim ) 대구사학회 2011 대구사학 Vol.103 No.-

The Battle of East Sea and Dokdo`s Strategic Value -Focused on the Russo- Japanese War and the Forced Seizure of Dokdo by Japan Kim, Hwa-kyong [Abstract] This study is to prove out that Japan seized Dokdo forcedly by its strategic value at the Battle of East Sea during the Russo-Japanese War. Additionally, this study aims at asking some researchers to reconsider who take no account of the fact that Japan`s forced seizure of Dokdo was committed as a step toward complete colonization of Korea. That is to say, Japan`s forced seizure of Dokdo was just not an incident to capture an island but Japan`s intentional forced seizure for the victory at the Battle of East Sea and further at the Russo-Japanese War. Actually, Japan won the Russo-Japanese War, and then Japan was able to colonize Korea completely and successfully. Above all, it is pointed out that Japan`s justification for the forced seizure of Dokdo, that is, Japan`s insistence on the acceptance of Nakai Yosaburo`s petition to incorporate Dokdo into Japan`s territory is just a fiction. He already knew that Dokdo was an annexed island to Ullengdo of Korea. For his fishing business, he planned to ask for a lease from the Korean government via the Ministry of Trade and Commerce of Japan. However, it is found out that he submitted the petition abetted by officers, who fronted for Japanese overseas invasion, like Maki Naomasa(Director of the Fisheries Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce), Kimotsuki Kaneyuki(Hydrographic Director of Japanese Navy), Yamaza Enzaburo(Director of Governmental Affairs of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs). The submission of the petition abetted by these officers tells us that Japanese government power intervened in the forced seizure of Dokdo. To inquire into why the national power as mentioned above intervened into that matter, the battle situations of the Vladivostok Fleet in the East Sea are examined out. The Fleet was defeated in the battle in the coastal waters of Ulsan. But previously, it damaged much the Japanese combined fleets. And hearing about the organization of the Baltic Fleet(the Second Pacific Squadron), Japan had to give the Battle of East Sea first thought. As a result, Japan government made Nakai Yosaburo submit the petition on the incorporation of Dokdo. The procedure of incorporating Dokdo led to the forced seizure of Dokdo by Japan. This study tries to clear out that the forced seizure of Dokdo is an indispensable step or measure of Japan for the victory of the Battle of East Sea. However, this writer admits frankly that the related evidences for that matter end up in circumstantial ones. However, under the circumstances that Japan refuses to go public with the related materials on the ground of the judgement of Japan`s Supreme Court that it is righteous not to go public with the disadvantageous materials to Japan government, it should be added that it is not easy to prove a logical inconsistency of the Japanese unilateral declaration for Dokdo.

콘크리트 포장의 플라이애쉬 재활용 방안연구

정영화,최성용,윤경구,용석응,김태경 강원대학교 석재복합신소재제품연구센터 1998 석재연 논문집 Vol.3 No.-

한국 대부분의 고속도로는 콘크리트로 포장되고 있으며, 플라이애쉬를 포장용 콘크리트에서 재활용하면 콘크리트의 성능을 향상시킴과 동시에 경제적 이익과 환경보호에 큰 기여를 할 것이다. 본 연구에서는 플라이애쉬를 포장 콘크리트에 재활용하고자, 플라이애쉬 치환율, 물-시멘트비, 굵은골재 최대치수를 주요실험 변수로 하여 이들이 플라이애쉬를 혼입한 포장용 콘크리트의 역학적 특성에 미치는 영향을 살피기 위해서 실험하여 통계처리 분석하였다. 이러한 분석결과를 바탕으로 포장 콘크리트의 적정배합을 제시하였으며 결과는 다음과 같다. 플라이애쉬를 혼입한 포장콘크리트의 휨강도에 영향을 미치는 인자는 플라이애쉬 치환율이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 다음으로 굵은골재 최대치수와 물-시멘트비 순으로 영향을 미친다. 또한, 플라이애쉬 치환율과 굵은골재 최대치수의 상관관계가 가장 큰 것을 알 수 있었다. 목표압축강도를 목표 휨강도의 6배로 선택하여 적정구간을 결정하였으나, 적정배합구간이 목표압축강도에 의해서 결정되었다. 이는 플라이애쉬의 작은 수화물이 공극을 효과적으로 채움으로써 휨강도의 증진에 크게 기여하기 때문으로 판단된다. 고속도로 포장에 적용할 수 있는 32mm의 굵은골재 최대치수와 45%의 물-시멘트비를 사용하는 목표 휨강도 45kg/㎠의 적정배합에서는 5.0%까지 플라이애쉬를 치환 가능하고, 50kg/㎠의 적정배합에서는 2.5%까지 치환 가능하다. 공항 포장에 적용할 수 있는 40mm의 굵은골재 최대치수와 37%의 물-시멘트비를 사용하는 목표 휨강도 45kg/㎠의 적정배합에서는 4.5%까지 플라이애쉬를 치환 가능하고, 50kg/㎠의 적정배합에서는 2.0%까지 치환 가능하다. The most of highway in Korea have been paved by concrete since last ten years. The recycling of fly ash in pavement concrete may result in economics, the improvement of concrete quality and the reservation of environment. This paper focused on the series of experiment and statistics analysis with experimental variables such as fly ash substitute ratio, water-cement ratio and maximum size of coarse aggregate in order to investigate the feasibility of recycling of fly ash in pavement concrete, to see the strength characteristics and t propose the optimum mix design based on previous results. The results of experiments and analysis were follows; The fly ash substitute ratio affected most seriously to the flexural strength of concrete among main variables, followed by maximum size of coarse aggregate and water-cement ratio. The interaction between fly ash substitute ratio and coarse aggregate size was the biggest. The optimum mix design was determined by target compressive, which was selected as 6 times of flexural strength. This indicated that the small hydrate of fly ash in concrete filled in effectively and resulted in the enhancement of flexural strength. the optimum mix design for highway pavement concrete with 32mm of maximum size of coarse aggregate and 45% of W/C can incorporate up to 5.0% and 2.5% of fly-ash at 45 kg/cm² and 50 kg/cm² of target flexural strength, respectively. The optimum mix design for airport pavement concrete with 40mm of maximum size of coarse aggregate and 37% of W/C can incorporate up to 4.5% and 2.0% of fly ash at 45 kg/cm² and 50 kg/cm² of target flexural strength, respectively.

부모에 대한 유치원 교사의 이야기

이경화 한국교육인류학회 2001 교육인류학연구 Vol.4 No.3

노년여성 흉부 체형 유형화에 관한 연구(Ⅱ)

이경화 圓光大學校 1995 論文集 Vol.29 No.2

본 논문은 55∼75세의 노년 여성의 흉부체형에 적합성이 우수한 브래지어 제작을 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 실행되었다. 242명의 노년 여성을 대상으로 흉부체형 파악에 유용하다고 인정되는 27개 항목의 신체 계측치를 이용하여 각 연령별 신체 치수의 차이를 분석하였으며, 의복 구성상 필요 치수 또는 참고치수인 각 계측항목간의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1)55∼75세의 노년 여성을 4 연령집단으로 세분해 비교한 결과 연령의 증가에 따라 높이항목은 감소의 경향을 나타내고 둘레항목은 65세 이전 집단까지는 증가의 경향을 보이다 65세 이후 집단은 다시 감소하는 현상을 나타냈다. 특히 유방수의 하수 현상이 두드러지는 것을 알수 있다. 2)계측항목간의 상관관계를 분석한 결과 수직항목은 수직항목끼리 수평항목은 수평항목끼리 높은 상관을 보였으나, 유방부 계측치의 경우는 수직항목, 수평항목 모두와의 상관이 낮은 독립적인 변수로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to provide basic information on the characteristics of the breast types in elderly woman for well-fitted brassiere design. Body measurements of 27, which were recognized as good for analyzing the breast type, were taken from elderly women of 242. Elderly women were classified into 4 groups according to seniority ; group1 (55∼59), group2(60∼64), group3(65∼69), group4(70∼75). In this study, statistical differences of measurements were analyzed among 4 groups. In addition, relation between the measurements, which were the reference measurements for making the clothes, were analyzed by using several statistical methods such as ANOVA, Correlation analysis. The results of the study were as follows; 1)Most of the body measurements were significantly different among 4 groups. The height measurements were decreasing as the age grew older. Girths, depths lengths and breaths were increasing until Age of 64(group2) and after that age, those measurements were inclined to decrease. Particularly, the degree of bust drooping was increasing conspicuously as they got aged. 2)The results of the correlation analysis among measurements showed that the correlation among longitudinal items and among girth items had the high correlation coefficient, respectiviely, while there were no direct linear relationships between bust girth and bust drooping.

여성복 생산업체에서의 Apparel CAD System의 활용

이경화 가톨릭대학교 생활과학연구소 2000 생활과학연구논집 Vol.20 No.1

The study was to fond out the current situation of the usage of Apparel CAD systems in women's garment manufacture. It was hoped to gather any valuable information about the current college education of Apparel CAD system. Four interviews were carried out for the study. Apparel CAD systems are used for various production systems in the apparel industry. Every interviewees utilized for pattern input and grading and marker making. Only 50% of the interviewee utilized in pattern making process. Sample fitting, Marker Planning, Pattern Making using computer were the most important and difficult process in CAD department.

해외직접투자에 따른 위험관리에 관한 연구

전경태,김계화 계명대학교 국제학연구소 2001 국제학논총 Vol.6 No.-

해외직접투자에는 반드시 위험이 수반된다, 그래서 해외직접투자 시 위험에 대한 인식과 효과적인 대응책이 요구된다. Ghoshal(1987)가 지적하였듯이 위험을 관리하는 것은 해외직접투자와 같은 국제적으로 운영하는 기업들의 중요한 목적이라고 한다. 해외직접투자기업들은 위험에 대해서 정확하게 인식해야 하며 이에 따른 효과적인 관리가 요구된다. 해외직접투자 따른 위험관리를 위해서 우선 어떠한 형태와 종류의 위험이 존재하는 것을 인식하는 것이 중요하며 특정한 위험만 고려하지 않고 종합적으로 인식하는 것이 중요하다. 위험은 기업의 외부적인 요인과 내부적인 요인으로부터 발생되는데 해외직접투자 위험에 관한 연구들은 특정한 위험에만 치중하고 그와 관련된 다른 위험은 제외시켰다. 그래서 본 연구에서는 위험에 대해서 통합적으로 다루고 효과적인 위험 관리전략을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 위험을 세 가지 차원으로 나누어서 연구한다: 일반환경에 기인한 위험, 산업특성에 기이한 위험, 기업특성에 기인한 위험. 일반환경에 기인한 위험은 주로 국가위험이며 국가 위험에는 정치적인 위험, 경제적인 위험, 이전위험, 환위험, 입지 또는 근접의 위험, 주권위험, 상업적인 위험 등이 포함된다. 산업환경에 기인한 위험에는 경쟁위험과 자원위험이 포함되며 기업특성에 기인한 위험에는 계약 위험과 이전, 운영, 소유통제의 위험이 포함된다. 해외직접투자에 따른 위험관리전략은 투자전의 전략과 투자후의 전략, 수용과 몰수후의 전략으로 나누어 볼 수 있는데 투자전의 전략은 양해 각서, 계획매각, 보험 등을 포함하며 투자 결정 이후의 관리 전략에는 생산관리전략, 마케팅전략, 재무관리전략, 조직관리전략, 인사관리전략 등 다섯 가지가 있다. 또한 몰수나 국유화의 조치가 이루어진 후의 전략은 두 가지가 있는데 합리적인 협상, 파원 전략에 따른 협상, 법적 치유의 모색, 경영 포기와 구제 가격만 찾는 결정 등 4 단계로 나누는 전략이 있고 다른 한 가지는 이성적인 교섭단계, 실력행사를 위한 전술전개의 단계, 법적인 구제절차를 밟는 단계, 철수 및 보상청구의 단계 등 4 단계로 나누어진다. 상기의 전략을 종합해서 분석하여 추가적인 방안을 제시한다면 우선 해외직접투자 위험에 대한 이해 및 이용되고 또한 현지에서의 기업형태를 적절하게 선택하는 것이다. 그 다음에는 현지화전략을 추진하는 것이며 현지국에서의 인맥관계의 유지와 지역별, 국별 위험 분산도 상당히 중요하다. Foreign Direct investment Firms (FDIFs) are prone to risks, so the recognition of risks and effective management strategies against risks are useful TO them. Ghoshal(1987) wrote that managing risks are one of the primary objectives of firms operating internationally. FDIFs need to set up risk management strategies. Treatments of risks in FDIFs largely focus on particular risks to the exclusion of other interrelated risks, although these risks are assigned to factors either external or internal. This paper develops a framework for categorizing risks faced by firms operating direct investments in foreign countries, and it outlines corporate risk management responses. This paper divides risks into three levels: general environment, industry and firm-specific variables. General environment risks refer to country risks; these include economic, transfer, exchange rate and location or neighborhood risks; also, sovereign, political and commercial risks. Industry risks include competitive and resource risks. Firm-specific risks involve four divisions: contractual, transfer, ownership and operational risks. Risk management strategies in FDI can be divided into three levels: pre-investment, post-investment and after expropriation and confiscation. Pre-investment strategies include concession agreement, planned divestment, insurance and guarantee. Post-investment strategies involve production and logistics, marketing, financial, organizational and human affairs strategies. After expropriation and confiscation, powerful strategies are used in resonable negotiations, lawsuits, renouncing management and getting relief. As well as the strategies mentioned above, additional ways could be as follows: understanding and using FDI insurance performed by banks, choosing suitable corporate forms in host countries, localizing strategies, maintaining good relationships with THE governments of host countries and dispersing risks by zeros and countries.

경량골재 콘크리트에 현무암의 재활용 방안연구

정영화,이정호,윤경구,윤청호 강원대학교 석재복합신소재제품연구센터 1997 석재연 논문집 Vol.2 No.-

현무암을 콘크리트 골재로 이용하여, 환경오염 방지와 에너지 절감 효과를 얻을 수 있다. 반요인실험법을 사용하여 현무암을 굵은골재에 일정한 비율로 치환한 콘크리트의 최적배합설계 제시를 위한 예비 실험에서 현무암의 굵은골재 치환율, 물-시멘트비, 잔골재율, 슬럼프와 같은 주요 변수와 변수 사이의 2차 상관관계를 파악하였다. 예비실험을 한 결과 현무암을 굵은골재로 100%까지 치환했을 때 현무암을 혼입한 콘크리트의 강도 발현에 가장 중요한 변수는 물-시멘트비로 분석되었고, 현무암의 굵은골재 치환율은 강도 발현에 거의 영향이 없는 것으로 분석되어 현무암을 콘크리트의 굵은골재로 대체할 수 있다는 것을 알게 되었다. 변수 사이의 2차 상관관계에서는 현무암의 굵은골재 치환율과 잔골재율의 상관관계가 콘크리트의 강도 발현에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 목표압축강도를 만족하는 현무암을 혼입한 콘크리트의 최적배합설계는 현무암의 굵은골재 치환율, 물-시멘트비, 잔골재율에 관하여 제시하였다. The waste basalt might be used in concrete aggregate, saving energy and protecting environment. An half-factorial experiments were performed with the primarary variable such as water-cement ratio, waste basalt substitution ratio, fine aggregate ratio and slump as a preliminary study for optimum mix design of concrete. The preliminary study show that the water-cement ratio is the most important factor to the concrete strength, followed by slump. The substitute of waste basalt up to 70% has little infulence, indicating that it can substitute the coarse aggregate without damaging the Concrete strength. The interaction between waste basalt substitution ratio and fine aggregate ratio was most significant to the concrete strength among the 2-way interaction variable. Only compressive strength affect to the formation of optimum mix design area as target compressive strengh becomes bigger. Optimum mix designs of concrete incorporating waste basalt, satisfying the target responses, were proposed in terms of waste basalt substitution ratio, water-cement ratio and fine aggregate ratio.

도시 이전시설의 문화적 활용방안 : 서울 화력발전소를 중심으로

김도경,여화선,김시태 경희대학교 부설 디자인연구원 2007 예술· 디자인학연구 Vol.10 No.1

Modern cities are placed on the point to change gradually from the era of green paradigm to the era of culture paradigm, which riches the dally life of cities. Infrastructure is not only the legacy of the industrialization but preserves and delivers the memory of the city so that it can create a new type of cultural space which adheres to the construction of the city spaces. In this research, changes of the construction of the city spaces which changes through the importance of the post-industrial site's importance would be seized and the potential of cultural use in Seoul thermal power station will be deducted. Moreover, it will be a basic data for similar cases.

기초문식성 지도 내용 및 지도 프로그램 개발 연구

이경화 한국초등국어교육학회 2007 한국초등국어교육 Vol.35 No.-

본 연구의 목적은 기초 문식성 지도 내용을 체계화하고, 이를 토대로 한 지도 프로그램의 활동 내용을 구체적으로 마련하는 데에 있다. 기초 문식성 지도 내용은 4개 대영역과 28개 소영역으로 구분하여 체계화 하였다. 3개 대영역은 ‘문식성의 기초’, ‘어휘 학습’, ‘한글 해득’, ‘의미 구성’으로 분류하였다. 소영역은 대영역을 토대로 읽기와 관련된 내용, 쓰기와 관련된 내용, 공통적으로 관련된 내용 등을 고려하여 다시 28개로 나누었다. 기초 문식성 지도 프로그램의 활동 내용은 소영역을 중심으로 2~5개씩 개발되었다. 개발된 기초 문식성 지도 프로그램의 활동 내용을 살펴보면, 문식성의 기초 영역 24개, 어휘 학습 영역 9개, 한글 해득 영역 34개, 의미 구성 영역 21개 등이 개발되었다. 개발된 총 88개의 활동 내용은 현장의 적용 과정을 거쳐 수정 보완되었다. 이렇게 구안된 활동 내용은 기초 문식성 지도 프로그램 자료 개발의 구체적인 지침서의 역할을 할 것이다. The purpose of this study is to systemize the teaching content of the beginning literacy and to establish the activity content of the teaching program in detail. The teaching contents of the beginning literacy were systemized by the category of 3 lagre spheres and 28 small spheres. The small spheres are spilited to 28 parts according to contents by the connection with the reading, writing, common related contents on the ground with the large sphere. The activity contents of beginning literacy teaching program were developed at small sphere with the number of 2~5. The developed beginning literacy teaching programs are 24 contents of begining literacy foundation sphere, 9 contents of vocabulary teaching sphere, 34 contents of Hangul apprehensibility, 21 contents of meaning construction. All the developed 88 activity contents were updated by the process of applying to actual teaching activities. I hope these developed activity contents could be the concrete guide book of the beginning literacy teaching program development.

일반아동과 자폐아동 어머니의 결혼만족도와 양육스트레스에 관한 연구

양경화 호남대학교 대학원 2008 호남대학교 대학원 논문집 Vol.6 No.-

This study aims to make clear the characteristic difference by comparing and analyzing with the marriage satisfaction and fostering stress on the mother of an autistic child and non-autistic child, and autistic child type. Through these studies, we can gain following these results by making clear the relative characteristic on the marriage satisfaction and fostering stress of the mother with an autistic and nonautistic child. First, In comparison related with the satisfaction of a marriage on the mother of an autistic child and a nonautistic child, the former didn't know how to educate and train his child, considered as unchastely and was not strong enough his role. Second, In comparison related with the stress of fostering on the mother of an autistic child and a nonautistic child, the former and latter have found the difference of the fostering. In resulting of analyzing factors influenced on the stress of fostering, the factors was in the order adaptability, attachment, health and receptivity. In seeing the ratio of an autistic child remarkably fallen, we know that fostering stress of parents with an autistic child is higher than the nonautistic child through the correlation of fostering stress. Third, the result of correlation with the relative characteristic between marriage satisfaction and fostering stress in related with the mother of an autistic and nonautistic child has showed highly. Therefore the study hypothesis, fostering stress have influenced on the marriage satisfaction, was supported. Some proposals based on these study results are as following; First, it is necessary for to present the right understanding and way of the fostering attitude , and develop the concrete education program of parents to the mother of a nonautistic and an autistic child. Second, this study only classified the autistic child as a type of mental disorder, but the child physical handicapped was excepted. Therefore it is necessary for to study on the aspect of the marriage satisfaction and fostering stress centering on parents with the entire handicapped children in following-up study. Third, the individualized education is not necessary for to the teachers or responsible person leading the education program and role of mother but to the mother with an autistic child. Fourth, there nearly have no informations influenced on the fostering stress, while the study is growing gradually on the fostering stress as a parent with an autistic child. Therefore, the factors can be reduced fostering stress will be investigated in home as well as the environmental approach. Above-mentioned, it is necessary for to study centering on the child with a native deformity and the social welfare service desire of mother in following-up study.