HA 라우팅 기반의 개선된 멀티캐스트 제공 방안

김인경(In-Kyeong Kim),하정락(Jeong-Lak Ha),현은희(Eun-Hee Hyun),김상하(Sang-Ha Kim) 한국정보과학회 2001 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.28 No.2Ⅲ

IETF Mobile IP는 이동 컴퓨팅 환경에서 IP 멀티캐스트를 지원하기 위한 메커니즘으로 HA 기반 라우팅과 FA 기반 라우팅을 간략히 언급하고 있다. FA 기반 라우팅의 경우, 단말기 이동 시 멀티캐스트 트리를 재구성하는 오버헤드가 존재하는 단점이 있다. 반연, HA 기반 라우팅의 경우, 단말기 이동시 경로 최적화가 이루어지지 않는 단점에도 불구하고, 멀티캐스트 트리 수정에 대한 오버헤드가 존재하지 않은 장점이 있다. 이러한 장점은 망의 안정성을 높일 수 있기 때문에 많은 연구에서 HA 기반 라우팅을 채택하고 있다. 하지만, 기존의 HA 기반 라우팅 방법에서 가장 큰 장애 요소는 터널링 집중화 현상이며, 이를 해결하기 위해 Mobile Multicast(MOM) 등에서 정성적인 방법을 제안하고 있지만, 구체적인 프로토콜이 없으며 모든 HA들이 관여하는 복잡도로 인해 실제로 망에 배치되는 데 한계성을 가진다. 본 논문에서는 현재의 Mobile IP 메시지의 간단한 확장과 FA에 멀티캐스팅을 위한 기능을 첨가하여, 터널링 집중화 현상을 해결하는 프로토콜을 제안하고자 한다. 제안되는 프로토콜은 현재의 모든 IP 멀티캐스트를 수용하고, Mobile IP와의 호환성을 유지한다.

남산의 소나무림, 신갈나무림, 아까시나무림의 낙엽생산과 토양유기탄소 동태

정헌모 ( Heon Mo Jeong ),김해란 ( Hae Ran Kim ),신동훈 ( Dong Hoon Shin ),이경미 ( Kyoung Mi Lee ),이승혁 ( Seung Hyuk Lee ),한영섭 ( Young Sub Han ),장래하 ( Rae Ha Jang ),이상경 ( Sang Kyeong Lee ),김태규 ( Tae Kyu Kim ),유영한 한국환경생물학회 2013 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.31 No.2

남산의 소나무림, 신갈나무림 그리고 아까시나무림에서 2008년 1월부터 2009년 12월까지의 월별 낙엽생산량과 토양의 유기탄소량을 조사하였다. 소나무림은 2008년과 2009년 모두 10월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 많았으며, 2008년 1월과 2009년 12월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 적었다. 신갈나무림은 2008년과 2009년 모두 11월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 많았으며, 2월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 적었다. 아까시나무림은 2008년 11월과 2009년 10월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 많았으며, 2008년 1월과 2009년 12월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 적었다. 이것은 한반도 중부에서 상록성의 소나무림이 낙엽성의 참나무숲 보다 더 일찍 낙엽이 진다는 것을 의미한다. 소나무림과 신갈나무림, 아까시나무림의 2년 평균의 낙엽생산량은 7.07, 6.36, 5.02 ton ha-1로 소나무가 가장 많았다. 소나무림과 신갈나무림, 아까시나무림의 2년 평균의 토양유기탄소량은 76.2, 68.6, 72.5 ton C ha-1로 소나무림에서 가장 많았다. 이처럼 소나무숲에서 높게 나타난 것은 남산에서 신갈나무나 아까시나무를 벌목하여 임목밀도가 줄었기 때문이다. The objective of this study was to estimate dynamics of litter production and soil organic carbon of Pinus densiflora forest, Quercus mongolica forest, and Rhobina pseudo-acasia forest at Mt. Nam as a part of Korea National Long-Term Ecological Research (KNLTER) from 2008 to 2009. Litter production of P. densiflora forest was the highest in October 2008, 2009 and the lowest in January 2008 and December 2009. Litter production of Q. mongolica forest was the highest in November and the lowest in February in 2008 and 2009. Litter production of R. pseudo-acacia forest was the highest in November in 2008 and October in 2009 and the lowest in January in 2008 and December in 2009. It means that leaves of P. densiflora forest shed earlier than deciduous oak forests in Korean central region. An average of litter production for 2 years was 7.07, 6.36, 4.66 ton ha-1 in P. densiflora forest, Q. mongolica forest, R. psuedo-acacia forest, respectively. An average of soil organic carbon matter for 2 years was 88.3, 76.5, 84.2 ton ha-1 in P. densiflora forest, Q. mongolica forest, R. psuedo-acacia forest, respectively.

남성 근로자들에서 간기능 검사 이상소견 발생률과 관련요인

하영애,정경동,천병렬 大韓産業醫學會 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.1

목적 : 근로자의 간기능 검사 이상소견 발생률과 그 관련요인을 알아보고자 일개 화학제품 제조 사업장의 근로자 579명을 대상으로 1997년 10월과 1998년 10월, 2회에 걸쳐 혈액검사 및 설문조사를 실시하였다. 방법 : 간기능 검사 3항목(AST, ALT, γ-GTP)에 대한 2회의 검사에서 모두 이상을 보이는 경우를 간기능 검사 이상소견자로 정의하였다. 일반적 특성(연령, 결혼상태, 학력), 근무부서, 유기용제취급여부, 생활습관(음주, 흡연, 운동, 식이습관), 간질환과거력, 간질환가족력, 약물복용력, B형간염표면항원양성률, 혈당치, 총콜레스테롤치 등을 독립 변수로 처리하였다. 1년 후 간기능 검사 이상소견 발생여부를 종속변수로 사용하였다. 1년 후 추적이 완료된 근로자수는 533명 (92.1%)이었다. 결과 : 간기능 검사 이상소견 연간 조발생률은 100명당 9.6이었고. 연령 표준화 발생률은 9.5이었다. 발생률에 유의하게 관련된 변수는 체질량지수, 음주량, 간질환과거력, 육류섭취였다. (p〈0.05). 다중로지스틱 회귀분석에서는 체질량지수(미교위험도 2.70: 95 % 신뢰구간 1.41∼5.16)와 음주량(비교위험도 1.98: 95% 신뢰구간 1.08∼3.60)이 유의한 변수였다. 체질량지수와 음주량의 변화를 고려한 층화분석결과, 체질량지수가 정상-정상이고 음주량이 소량-소량인 군에 비해 체질량지수가 정상-정상이고 음주량이 과량-과량인 군의 비교위험도가 2.24(95%신뢰구간 1.09∼4.62), 체질량지수가 비만-비만이면서 음주량이 과량-과량인 군의 비교위험도가 5.66(95%신뢰구간 2.69∼11.88)이었다. 결론 : 간기능 검사 이상소견 연간 연령표준화 발생률은 100명 당 9.5이었다. 발생률을 효과적으로 감소시키기 위해서는 체질량지수를 정상으로 유지하고 음주량을 줄이기 위한 적극적인 노력이 필요할 것이다. Objectives : This study was conducted to estimate the incidence of abnormal liver function and risk factors in male employees of an industry in Ulsan City. Methods : Five hundreds and seventy nine male employees were selected as the study cohort and 533 (92.1%) of them were followed after one year. The blood sample was collected to test for AST, ALT, γ-GTP, total-cholesterol, fasting blood sugar and a self-admlnistered questionnaire on life style was done. General characteristics (age, marital status, educational level) , job department, exposure status for organic solvents, life style (alcohol, smoking, exercise, diet) , past history of liver disease, family history of liver disease, drug Intake, HBsAg, blood glucose, total-cholesterol were considered as risk factors. The result of liver function test after 1 year follow-up was treated as dependent variable. The operational definition of abnormal liver function was as follows; those who had abnormal liver functions in the two repealed tests with one month interval. Results : The annual incidence of abnormal liver function was 9.6 per 100 and age-standardized incidence was 9.5. BMI, alcohol, past history of liver disease, and meat intake were significantly related to the incidence (p(0.05) . In multiple logistic regression analysis, BMI (RR=2.70, 95% Cl=1,41-5.16) and alcohol (RR=1.98, 95% Cl=1.08-3.60) were proved as the significant variables. By stratified analysis considering changing pattern of alcohol and BMI, the relative risk of the 'BMI normal-normal and alcohol intake high-high' group was 2.24(95% Cl=7,09-4.62) and that of the 'BMI obese-obese and alcohol intake high-high' group was 5.66 (95% Cl=2.69-11.88) compared with that of 'BMI normal-normal and alcohol intake low-low' group. Conclusions : The age-standardized annual incidence of abnormal liver function was9.5 per 100 in male employees. Thus, an active effort for reducing alcohol intake and controlling BMI should be done to reduce the incidence.

대학 강의실 환경개선 후 평가(POE) 연구 : 강의실 리모델링을 중심으로

하미경,제해성,이경희,소윤경 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.10

According to the results from the evaluation, that was enforced by the Academic Affairs of Y University in the year 2002, the satisfaction level of interiors of classrooms appeared to be very low Only 11.6% of the respondents said that they felt comfortable in classroom environment The other 54.8% said that they were unsatisfied with the physical quality of classrooms at school In addition, students demanded a change in such items as lighting, air circulation, room temperature, worn out chairs and desks, and the size of the classrooms It is surprising to see that classrooms that have been built during the evolution of technology have created such a discomfort to students Therefore, creating a comfortable environment for all classrooms throughout the campus by applying a systematic approach that would meet students' needs is the purpose of research The results show that the project of remodeling has improved the quality of classrooms and increased the level of satisfaction on the overall classroom environment

급성 연쇄상구균 감염후 사구체 신염에 동반된 고혈압 뇌증 1례

하태선,차상훈,이경은,엄정민 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 1999 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.9 No.2

고혈압성 뇌병증은 고혈압 환자에서 고혈압과 관련된 두통, 경련, 시각장애 및 다른 신경학적 장애를 동반하는 증후군이다. 증례는 13세 여자환아로 급성 연쇄상구균 감염후 사구체 신염에 동반된 고혈압성 뇌병증 환자였다. 내원시 혈압은 150/110 mmHg 였고 내원당시 검사소견상 단백뇨, 혈뇨, C3의 감소 소견을 보였다. 내원 2일째 자기공명영상을 시행하였고 스핀에코 T2 강조영상에서 양 후두엽과 후 측두엽에 고신호의 이상 부위들이 발견되었다. 치료후 실시한 자기공명영상은 정상 소견을 보였다. 본 저자들은 급성 사구체 신염 환자에서 자기공명영상으로 고혈압성 뇌병증을 진단하고 치료한 1례를 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Hypertensive encephalopathy is a syndrome consisting of headache, seizures, visual changes, and other neurologic disturbances in patients with elevated systemic blood pressure. We experienced a 13-year-old girl who presented with the manifestations of hypertensive encephalopathy in acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. She visited our hospital because of generalized tonic-clonic seizure after severe headache. On admission her blood pressure was 150/110 mmHg and initial laboratory findings revealed proteinuria, hematuria and decreased C3 level and, T2-weighted MR image showed increased T2 signal in both occipital lobes, suggesting cerebral edema. On follow-up MRI, pathologic lesions were improved. We described a case of hypertensive encephalopathy in acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis diagnosed by MRI with a brief review of some related literatures.

Robert Browning의 The Return of the Druses 연구 : Djabal의 성격 분석을 중심으로

고경하 龍仁大學校 1997 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.13 No.-

With the beginning of the 19th century the world became modern at a high speed, and the concept of society based on the common value and faith began to fade away. This affected artists like Browning in two ways. One was that they tried to recover a new order and value system by individual efforts, and Browning did this in his early years. But the search for the ideal is bound to fail without taking account of reality, and it was also true in Browning's experiments in drama: a new concept of drama, new principles of composition, and a new narrative structure. The other was that artists recognized the wide gap between the real and the ideal, and they interpreted the world with this knowledge. This was irony essential in Browning's dramatic monologues. Browning's drama was a transitional stage between the individual's search for the absolute in his early nears and irony in his dramatic monologues. The Primary reason for the failure of his drama was his pursuit of the ideal drama ignoring the contemporary theatrical norms and taste ; but more importantly, it failed because of the unstable dramatic structure caused by the unstable aesthetics. Instead of the plot, character was at the center of his plays; and because Browning was mainly concerned with the internal changes and development of his characters, his plays was centered not on action but on dialogue which could show those internal changes and development. Because of this difference between his and the conventional drama, contemporary audience and readers could not understand or appreciate his plays. In this light The Return of the Druses might be boring and strange, even unpresentable on the stage. But if we focus on what he tried to do in his works, we can see in this play what he wanted to do and what he was concerned about. With his main character Djabal Browning showed in ironic way the self-deception necessarily involved in the search for the absolute. But at the same time Browning was experimenting how it would be possible for the finite human being to reach for God in the world where all became subjective and relative. Browning eventually gave up his intention to be a subjective poet and went on to become the master of dramatic monologues; but his primal poetic aim, 'the development of a soul', continued under the surface. Inspite of all the evidences and his admission that he deceived his people assuming God, or rather because of these evidences, Djabal cannot be swept away as a typical character in the style of the dramatic monologue. He must be seen in the context of Browning's lifelong yearning to present the pursuit for the absolute truth. Only in this light we can see in the play how sincerely Browning tried to do his task by portraying a human soul reaching for the absolute, defying the inevitable doom.

낭만주의와 브라우닝의 초기 시

고경하 龍仁大學校 人文社會科學硏究所 1999 인문사회논총 Vol.- No.3

낭만주의 전통에서 자라면서 시인이 되고자 했던 로버트 브라우닝은 새로운 시를 추구하게 되는데, 그 이유를 개인적인 차원이 아니라 시대적 사회적 맥락에서 볼 필요가 있다. 테니슨이나 브라우닝같은 젊은 시인들이 왜 1830년 경 새로운 시가 필요하다고 여겼는지, 그리고 그들의 시도가 워즈워스와 코울리지에서 시작된 낭만주의 전통의 연장인지 아니면 새로운 시의 출발인지를 살펴봄으로써, 형식과 내용 상의 새로운 시의 등장이 시인과 그 사회사이의 밀접한 상호관계에서 비롯되는지를 가늠할 수 있다. 이를 위해 (현재와 당대의) 낭만주의에 대한 이해, 당시 새로운 시를 주장한 비평가들의 이론, 브라우닝의 새로운 시 작업을 같이 놓고 분석하였다. ABSTRACT Robert Browning grew up in the Romantic tradition. But When he decided to be a poet, he looked for and wrote different poems. It was not an isolated case; his generation including the fellow poet Tennyson and critics like Arthur Hallam, J. S. Mill, and W. J. Fox tried to establish a new poetry different from the previous generation, i.e., Romantics. This paper looks into the cultural and poetical circumstances of the 1830s England and searches for the relations of the Romantic tradition and the new generation of poets. Browning's and Tennyson's efforts to write poems suited for themselves are necessarily connected with their understanding of English Romantic movement. But it is really difficult to define Romanticism or its mainstay, lyrical poetry. It was much more difficult for those who were in the midst of the action and couldn't get the proper objective perspective. Their understanding and interpretation of Romanticism was flawed but inspite of this limitation they defined and summed up the Romantic accomplishments and looked for a new way of expression which could help to sort out and five focus to the meaning of new experiences which followed the tremendous societal changes after the industrial revolution and the French Revolution. In conclusion, Browning's poems are not a drastic turnaround from the Romantic tradition, It was because his tactics to get out of the Romantic influence themselves ― such as the generic experiments, the search into the consciousness, and the urgent demand for the readers' participation ― were inherited from the Romantic tradition. But after various, sometimes futile experiments to get a proper way of expression for his generation, Browning found and developed the dramatic monologue almost into perfection. Despite of his propensity for Romanticism he provided the Victorian age a medium to move poetry into a new direction of objectivity and historicity.

Jacobi 반복법을 이용한 합성 근사 구조재해석

황진하,김경일 충북대학교 건설기술연구소 2002 建設技術論文集 Vol.21 No.1

A design-oriented structural reanalysis method is presented in this paper. The new combined approximation method is based on combining the computed terms of Jacobi iteration and coefficients of a reduced basis method. Some examples are demonstrated to show the validity and efficiency of the present study. Satisfactory results compared to the exact method show that the proposed method is worth being incorporated into the design procedures of the large structural systems. This method can improves the total efficiency when they are appropriately used according to the design informations for the redesign process of large scale structures. The numerical results for some trusses show the validity and usability of the method.

포항 석병연안에서 삼중자망에 의해 채집된 어류의 종조성 및 양적변동

한경호,손종철,황동식,최수하 한국어류학회 2002 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.14 No.2

경상북도 포항시 석병 연안에서 삼중자망 5폭을 사용, 1998년 1월부터 12월까지 총 12회에 걸쳐 어류를 포획하여, 어류의 종조성 및 양적변동을 조사하였다. 포획된 어류는 총 1網 7目 27科 58種, 607개체, 93,427g으로 쏨뱅이 目(Scorpaeniformes)과 쏨뱅이 目(Scorpaeniformes) 어류가 총 41種으로 전체 출현종 수의 70.7%를 차지하여 우점하는 분류군이었으며, 科별로는 양볼락 科(Scorpaenidae) 어류가 8種 출현하여, 가장 많은 種이 출현하였다. 개체수에서 우점종은 망상어, 노래미, 쥐노래미, 용치놀래기, 쥐치, 볼락, 개볼락, 멸치 및 임연수어로 이들 9種이 전개체수의 62.9%를 차지하였다. 생체량에서 우점종은 망상어, 쥐노래미, 임연수어, 노래미, 볼락 및 용치놀래기로 이들 6種이 전생체량의 58.4%를 차지하였다. 출현 개체수와 생체량은 수온이 상승하는 4월과, 고수온기인 7월 및 10월에 높게 나타났으며, 저수온기인 1월에는 낮게 나타나, 수온과 밀접한 관계가 있었다. 월별 출현종수는 수온이 낮은 1월에 10種이 출현하여 가장 적었고, 수온의 상승폭이 큰 5월에 24種으로 가장 많았다. 종 다양도지수는 1.640~2.594의 범위로 경월변화가 적고, 인근 해역에 비해서 높은 지수를 나타내고 있어, 다양한 어종과 안정된 군집구조를 형성하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 조사해역에서 연 중 출현한 어종은 망상어, 노래미, 쥐노래미, 볼락 등이며, 체형이 크고 성장도가 양호할 뿐만 아니라 주거종으로서 경제성있는 어종으로 평가된다. Fishes were collected by trammel net to determine seasonal species composition and biomass in coastal waters of Seokbyeong, Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk-do from January to December, 1998. A total of 607 fishes(93,427g) was sampled and classified into 58 species belonging to 27 families and 7 orders. The most dominant orders were Scorpaeniformes and Perciformes, which together accounted for 70.7% of the total. The most dominant family Scorpaenidae was represented by eight species. The dominant species were Ditrema temmincki, Hexagrammos agrammus, H. otakii, Halichoeres poecilopterus, Stephanolepis cirrhifer, Sebastes inermis, Sebastes pachycephalus, Engraulis japonicus and Pleurogrammus azonus; they accounted for 62.9% of the total fishes collected. The dominant species in biomass were Ditrema temmincki, Hexagrammos agrammus, H. otakii, Halichoeres poecilopterus, Sebastes inermis and Pleurogrammus azonus. Those species accounted for 58.4% of the total biomass. The number of individuals and the biomass were much higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring, and closely correlated with water temperature. Monthly number of species was highest in May, with 24 species and lowest in January, with 10 species. The highest diversity index was in June(H'=2.594), and lowest in January(H'=1.640). The diversity index was 1.640~2.594, with little monthly fluctuation. The diversity index in coastal waters of Seokbyeong was higher than that in other coastal waters. It suggest that the cluster structure may be stable.

Cortisone acetate 投與에 依한 Pneumocystis carinii 肺炎의 發症 課程

閔庚璇,李英河,羅榮彦,辛大煥 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1990 충남의대잡지 Vol.17 No.2

This study was undertaken to determine the provocative characteristics of experimental Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in cortisone acetate treated rats. A Total of 55 male Sprague-Dawley rats, body weights 166-224g, were used. Five out of them were used as control group and remaining 50 were as experimental groups. In experimental groups, the rats were injected with 25mg of cortisone acetate twice a week for 10 weeks subcutaneously and drinking water contained 1000mg tetracycline hydrochloride per liter. Control group was not administered any drug. The 5 rats were sacrified weekly at each week in experimental group. but control group was sacrified at 10 weeks. For arterial blood gas analysis, blood was collected from carotid artery of rats using catheter. The rat's lung were removed after killed. The stamp smeared specimens of lungs were prepared and stained toluldin blue 0 for the quantification of P.carinii cysts. For the histopathologic observations, lungs were fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin, cut into sections and stained with hematoxylin-eosin stain. For the histologic score of the intensity of P.carinii pneumonia, the sections were stained with Gomori's methenamine silver stain. The results obtained were as follows : 1. In the arterial blood gas analysis of cortisone acetate treated rats, blood pH and PaCO_2 was showed normal range. But PaO_2 was slightly decreased in experimental period. 2. Histopathologic finding of H-E staining sections were found in order of infiltration of lymphocyte and alveolar macrophage, eosinophilic foamy exudate, thickening of alveolar septum, desquamation of pneumocyte and fibrinoid degeneration and so on, but plasma cell was not found. 3. The histologic score of the intensity of P.carinii pneumonia was increased in proportion to the cortisonized periods of rats. 4. The number of cysts in the stamp smeared specimens of lungs were increased in proportion to the cortisonized periods of rats. And highly significant correlation was found between the histologic score of the intensity of P.carinii pneumonia and the number of cysts countered in the stamp smeared specimens of lungs(r=0.8620, ANOVA test p<0.0001). The present study revealed that provocative characteristics of experimental P. carinii pneumonia was highly significant relationship with the histologic score of P. carinii pneumonia and the number of cysts in the stamp smeared specimens of lung.