산수유나무(Cornus officinale)種子의 休眠現象과 發芽促進에 對한 硏究

權雷澤,李相植 東國大學校 1964 論文集 Vol.1 No.-

1. The genus cornus includes 8 species and 1 variety of deciduous, rarely evergreen, trees and shrubs, in Korea. the majority of these are relatively unimportant from the stand-point of forestry, besides several species are valued highly for their ornamental qualities: flowers, fruits, and foliges. Among them, cornus officinale is an endemic plant of korea and it's fruit is medicinal. So that, it has been cultivated, since ancient, for medicinal purpose especially, for kidney disorders It is a species of medicinal woody plant of economic importance in korea. Cornus officinale is propagated from seed in nature and under cultivation. The seed of Cornus officinale has double dormancy combined with the impermiable hard endorcarp and internal embryo dormancy. Untreated seeds may remain dormant in the soil for two or three years after sowing Consequently, specilal treatments of the seeds are required to produce uniform stands of seedlings in the year following harvest of the seeds. The most common recommentations for germinating of double dormancy seeds suggest mechanical scarifications, concentrated sulfuric acid treatment, or soaking in boiling water, for making the hard coats permeable previous to cold stratification of the seeds for breaking the internal dormancy previous to sowing. But our past experiment of the above methods attempted to the cornus officinale seeds have resulted in failur for nursery practice. As far as the authors are concerned there was no information on the causes of delayed germination or on the sufficient pretreatment methods for nursery practice of Cornus officinale seeds. This study was accordingly made for the anatomical seed structure, for the various methods of permeabling of the endocarp, breaking the embryo dormancy and of the effect to germination of the seeds do treated. 2. OBSERVATION a. Botanical features: Cornus officinale is deciduously small tree which attains of 5m. with diameter of 6∼8㎝. imspite of an estimated age of 200 years (Fig.Ⅰ) leaves: opposite, petiolic short, shape ovate to obovate, 4∼10㎝ long, 2.5∼5.0㎝ wide, margin entire, (Fig.Ⅱ, 1-d) Veins arcuate, yellow brown hairs densely tufted on the be of veins below, (Fig.Ⅱ, 2-c) Flowers: derfect with four very conspicuous petal-like notched bracts, arrangement panicle usually small, many of them yellow and emerge in spring. fruits: globular to ovoid, drupe 1.5㎝ long, 0.67㎝ wide, red, ripening in October (Fig Ⅱ, l-b). b. Structure of the seed and fruit: Since the course of the germination drocess depend largely upon the structure of the seed, colse observation of the drocess is essential. The unit commonly refered as Cornus officinale seed is in fact a stone, the size of stone is 10.6± 0.14㎝ long, 5.72± 0.47㎝ wide, the extent and location of the more important parts of the fruit and seed are shown diagrammatically in fig Ⅱ. The endocap composed of many layers of sclerenchymatous cells and forms the pits. microscodic examination of the endocard shewed that a yellowish powder appear in the pits in the endocarp when the stone was air dried. we recognized the yellowish powder is tannin by the following tests and the stone cell systems and tannin in the endocarp cause tobe impermeable. (1) Dissolve some of the yellowish powder, which comes from inside the pits in a few millimeters of water. (2) As soon as the yellow solution was added with a saturated solution of potassium dichromate K_2Cr_2O_7- the brown precipitation appeared (3) To the yellow solution 5% Leadacetate solution pb(C_2H_3O_2)_2·3H_2O, was added and white precipitation appeared. 3. PRE-TESTS a) Since the pre-test with consentrated sulfuric acid on making endocarp permeable showed that the shorter period than twenty minutes was less effective and longer period then two and half hours pited them and may injure the capacity of the embryo, we determined two hours is the optimun period of immersion in concentrated sulfuric acid. b) In order to determine whether or not embryo of recently harvested seeds are dormancy, a number of embryos were exercised from water-soaked seed. They were placed on skim's medium in test-tube and kept at room temperature. At the end of one week ome of the red pine embryos began to show geotropic curvature of hypocotyle. But, at the end of three weeks Cornus officinale embryos did not show any evidence of growth. 4.MATERIALS a) Cornus officinale fruits were collected from the Kwangnung research forest and Yu-Joo, Chu-Ud-Ri, Kyung-gi-Do, on 25 October, 1961. Healthy seeds were cleaned from this fruits which were used in lots of 50 seeds per treatment. The manual of the seeds purity, weight per 1,000 seeds, per liter, and seed size are given in table Ⅰ. b) Concentrated sulfuric acid, Gibbereliic Acid, Hydorgen peroxid and Thiourea were tried as chemical means of breaking the dormancy of the seeds. 5. TEST METHODS AND RESULTS a) Cover the dry 200 seeds with concentrated sulfuric acid and allow them to soak for two hours at the temperature of 15℃. b) Remove the seeds from the sulfuric acid and wash them with running water for about 20 minutes to clean off (remove) vesidue of the acid. c) Soaking the seeds for 24 hours in each of the following chemicals: Gibberellic acid 200 pp.m, Gibberellic acid 100 p.p.m, Hydrogen peroxide 1% solution. d) The seeds pretreated as above were then mixed with fine wet sand and itratified for from 4th Dec. 1961 to 25th March 1962 112 calendar days at 15℃ in green-house. Table Ⅱ shows percentage of the cracked-stone seeds and of the radical emerged over 2mm seeds, prepared for an immediate germination. We suppos that the decayed seeds in table Ⅱ were caused from the dead and feeble seeds, because there was no noticeable difference in the number of decayed seed caused by each treatment, and if we carried out the above pretreatment with flerh seed unstored in the air as soon as collected, could be eapected a significectly higher percentage of hastened seeds. e) This experiment suggested that stratification is not sufficent for breaking the internal embryo dormancy of Cornus officinale seeds, but also some chemical treat previous to stratification is necessary. f) Each seed stratified, was screened on 25 march 1962, and immediately sown in test plots. The germination and seedling growth from the seed is given table Ⅲ(FigⅢ).

니들펀칭법으로 제조된 PP/PET 혼섬부직포의 특성화에 관한 연구

권오혁,주창환,이래연 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1998 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.13 No.2

We have investigated the effect of blend ratio on the properties of polypropylene(PP)/polyester(PET) blend nonwoven fabrics manufactured by a needle punching machine. The polyester fibers used have highly functional characteristics and were three different type of polyesters, such as antibacterial(BP), low melting(LM), and ghigh stretch fber(SD). Also, in order to improve nonwoven density, PP/LM and PP/SD nonwoven fabrics were calendered at two different heating temperatures(120℃ and 128℃). Breaking stress and breaking strain in the tensile experiment showed higher values at the cross direction than at the machine direction. And with increasing the blend ratio of PET fibers, the breaking stress and strain of nonwoven fabrics generally showed lower values than that of pure PP fabrics. However, in the case of calendered nonwoven fabrics, breaking stress increased and breaking strain decreased compared with the untreated fabrics. As blend ratio in BP and LM fibers increases, the mean pore diameter and air pemeability of nonwoven fabrics increase.

Test strip과 Chlorophyll meter를 이용한 토마토의 신속한 영양진단

김권래,정한울,김계훈 한국농화학회 2003 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.46 No.2

본 연구는 지금까지 제시된 여러 가지 간이 식물영양 진단 방법들 중 test strip과 chlorophyll meter의 이용가능성을 검토하고 실제 이용 방안을 모색하고자 수행되었다. 본 실험에서는 양액의 N, P, K 수준을 달리하여 토마토를 재배하면서 생육시기별로 specific color difference sensor value(SCDSV), 엽병 즙액 중 NO_3, PO_4, K의 함량을 측정하였다. 실험 결과 N, P, K 함량의 변화보다 더 민감하였다. Test strip을 이용하여 측정한 토마토 엽병 즙액 중 NO_3, PO_4, K함량 변화가엽 중 total-N, P, K의 농도와 고도의 일차상관관계를 나타내었다. 지금까지 여러 연구를 통해 확립된 토마토의 엽 중 total-N, P, K의 적정 함량을 희귀식에 대입하여 구한 즙액의 적정 NO_3, PO_4, K의 함량은 각각 3.4~5.9, 0.3~0.5, 3.6~6.5 g/l였다. Chlorophyll meter를 이용하여 측정한 SCDSV는 엽 중 total-N 함량을 희귀식에 대입하여 계산한 결과 적정 SCDSV는 36.0~40.0이었다. 본 연구 결과 test strip과 chlorophyll meter는 토마토의 신속한 영양 진단에 이용 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. This study was performed to develop a more rapid and simple nutrient diagnosis method of plants than the conventional leaf analysis method. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. super momotaro) was planted in the mixed media produced by nidxing perlite and rock wool at I : I (v/v) ratio. The Yamazakki nutrient solutions for cucumber and tomato were supplied to the media using the rnicro-drip irrigation system. Experimental plots produced consisted of no fertilization, deficient fertilization, adequate fertilization and surplus fertilization for N, P and K, respectively. Each experimental plot was replicated four times. Specific color different sensor values (SCDSV) measured by the chlorophyll meter were closely related to total-N concentrations in the leaves measured by the conventional method. Nitrate, PO, and K concentrations in petiole sap measured by test strips (Reflectoquant, Merck, Germany) showed a significant relationship with total-N, P and K concentrations in leaves. The linear regression equations between NO,, PO, and K concentrations in petiole sap and total-N, P and K concentrations in the leaves were prepared. The optimum levels of NO,, PO, and K in petiole sap were obtained by plugging the optimum concentrations of total-N, P and K in the leaves by other researchers into the equations. In conclusion, the SCDSV by the chlorophyll meter and concentrations of NO,, P and K in petiole sap measured by the test strips would be suitable for rapid estimation of plant nutrient status.

파악력 평가시 10%법칙 적용의 이용성에 관한 연구

배성수,박래준,권혁철,김진상 大邱大學校 再活科學硏究所 1992 再活科學硏究 Vol.10 No.1

The purpose of this study was test utility of 10% rule in assessment of hand grasp strength. The 10% rule states that the dominant hand possesses a 10% greater grip strength than the non-dominant hand. The subjects for this study consisted of 50 male 50 female college students who agreed participate in this study. Grasp or grip strength was measured with a factory-calibrated hand dynamometer(Preston Co. production) for cylindrical grasp and JAMAR dynamometer for tip pinch strength. Results showed an 14.60% strength of cylindrical grasp and 10.61% strength of tip pinch difference between dominant and non-dominant hands. Second showed that the 10% rule is valid for right handed person. except cylindrical strength of female and tip pinch strength of male. Further research is necessary to determine the characteristics according to hand size and graspping time.

엔로플록사신 액제의 닭 호흡기 및 소화기 감염증에 대한 예방 및 치료효과

윤효인,박병권,조준형,정상희,박경환,장범수,김종춘,황윤환,임종환,이내경,박승춘 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 2000 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.8 No.-

We evaluated the efficacy of the liquid form of enrofloxacin against poultry respiratory and digestive infections, the major problems in the poultry industry, from diverse diagnosis viewpoints. Results obtained through this study were as follows: 1. The liquid form of enrofloxacin showed good acceptability to poultry owing to no abhorrence to the drug by chickens, which indicated its suitability for mixing in drinking water. 2. The application of the enrofloxacin formulation improved the productivity of the chicken farm to a great extent by lowering the death toll of chicken raised in the farm. 3. The use of the drug shortened the days to the market, and increased the body weight at the time of marketing. 4. Preventive and therapeutic effects of the liquid enrofloxacin were observed higher than ampicillin, a major antibiotic used in poultry farming. From above results, the liquid form of enrofloxacin would find its use for the prevention and treatment of digestive and respiratory infections, let alone the growth promotion and feed efficiency, especially in the chicken farming practice.

엔로플록사신 액제의 닭유래 병원세균에 대한 시험관내 항균효과 시험

윤효인,박병권,조준형,정상희,박경환,장범수,김종춘,황윤환,임종환,이내경,박승춘 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 2000 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.8 No.-

In this study the antimicrobial spectrum and sensitivity of a liquid formulation of enrofloxacin against the major six pathogenic bacteria isolated from the diseased poultry in Korea were evaluated in comparison with ciprfloxacin (CFX), gentamicin (GM) and penicillin (PC). A liquid form of enrofloxacin, a test material and ciprofloxacin showed at least 83% antibacterial activity against all of six test pathogenic microorganisms at the fixed concentration of 10 ㎍/㎖. Gentamicin and penicillin revealed much lower antibacterial activity at the same condition. We evaluated the liquid form of enrofloxacin as having widespread antibacterial spectrum against poultry infections. The liquid form of enrofloxacin showed potent antibacterial activity, with the MIC range being 0.12∼2 ㎍/㎖ against Gram positives, 0.06∼2 ㎍/㎖ against Gram negatives and 0.5∼2 ㎍/㎖ against Mycoplasma spp. These values were equivalent to or somewhat higher than those of ciprofloxacin, but much lower than those of gentamicn and penicillin. This new liquid form of enrofloxacin would find its way in application of mixing with drinking water for the prevention and treatment of diverse infections in chickens.

고압맥동 평류자극이 가토 상처치유에 미치는 영향

김식현,박래준,권혁철 한국전문물리치료학회 1996 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.3 No.3

工業敎育大學 敎育改善에 관한 硏究(Ⅲ)

宋周鎬,李昌岬,洪元杓,孟琦錫,任洪彬,李廷玟,李載元,李來烈,權五憲,金振淳,李文洙 충남대학교 공업교육연구소 1982 論文集 Vol.5 No.1

This paper aims at providing a concrete plan to improve technical and vocational teacher education in the College of Industrial Education of Chungnam National University. It is intended to propose a practical four-year regular and short-term course. Also, the estimated required facilities is included in this study as well as their management. The main conclusions and recommendations are summarized as follows; 1) The numbers of students enrollment should be reduced to 220 students which is the approximate number of future demand. 2) In order to offer to the students a broader education and to cope with the increase/decrease in demand of technical and vocational teacher within a specific field, the 8 department existing at the present (Department of Architecture Engineering Education, Civil Eng. Educ., Metallurgical Eng. Educ., Mechanical Eng. .Educ., Electrical Eng. Educ., Electronic Eng. Educ., Industrial Chemistry Educ. and Industrial Technology Educ.) would be combined into 5 (Department of Construction Engineering Education, Mechanical Eng. Educ., Electrical Eng. Educ., Industrial Chemistry Educ. and Industrial Technology Educ.). 3) The short-term course program is recommened to provide additional training and education to those candidates who already have experience in technical fields to meet an occasional demand. 4) It is necessary to add the Teaching Profession Section in the administrative organization of the College.

Lead Induced Organic Acid Exudation and Citrate Enhanced Pb Uptake in Hydroponic System

Kwon Rae Kim,Gary Owens,Ravi Naidu,Soon Ik Kwon,Kye Hoon Kim 한국환경농학회 2009 한국환경농학회지 Vol.28 No.2

The influence of Pb-citrate complex formation on Pb uptake and the effect of Pb on organic acid exudation were investigated using four plant species, viz., sunflower (Helianthus annuus L), Indian mustard (Brassica juncea), canola (Brassica napus) and vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) under hydroponic conditions. Seedlings were exposed to different levels of Pb and Pb-citrate for 24 hrs and subsequently Pb distributions in plant shoot, root and hydroponic solution were measured. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration generally decreased as the concentration of Pb in the hydroponic solution increased. In contrast to DOC, the total organic acid concentrations exuded from Indian mustard roots significantly increased (424 to 6656 mg kg-1) with increased Pb treatment, implying that exuding organic acids were involved in Pb accumulation in Indian mustard. The complexation of Pb with citrate enhanced Pb accumulation in the above ground portions. Lead concentration in Indian mustard increased from 2.05 mg kg-1 to 6.42 mg kg-1 when the concentration of citrate in solution increased from 0 to 50 mg L-1. This result showed enhanced translocation of Pb from root to shoot with observation of transfer coefficient (Kt) increase from 2.03E-3 to 5.72E-3.

Long-term assessment of the environmental fate of heavy metals in agricultural soil after cessation of organic waste treatments

Kwon, Soon-Ik,Jang, Yeon-A,Owens, Gary,Kim, Min-Kyeong,Jung, Goo-Bok,Hong, Seung-Chang,Chae, Mi-Jin,Kim, Kwon-Rae Springer-Verlag 2014 Environmental geochemistry and health Vol.36 No.3