Experimental Study on the Spread Characteristics of Initial Fires According to Corridor Types

Kweon,Oh Sang,Kang,Hyun,Kim,Heung-Youl 한국방재학회 2021 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.21 No.4

건축물에서 화재 발생 시 복도는 화염과 연기의 확산 통로가 되어 재실자가 위험에 노출될 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 복도의 형태에 따른 화재의 특성을 분석하기 위해서 단방향 피난이 가능한 ‘L’ 형태와 양방향 피난이 가능한 ‘T’ 형태의 복도를 2.4(L) × 10(W) × 2 .4(H) m 크기로 제작하여 실물화재 실험을 진행하였다. 실물화재 실험은 2.0(W) × 1 .8(H) m 크기의 단일 개구부를 가지고 있는 2.4( L) × 3 .6(W) × 2 .4(H) m의 화재실에서 진행되었으며, 화재실 내부의 가연물은 ‘L’ 형태에서는 열방출률이 651.4 kW인 목재크립을 사용하고 ‘T’ 형태에서는 95.7 kW인 의자를 사용하였다. 실물화재 실험에서는 복도 내부의 온도 변화를 측정하였고 이른 통해 측정된 온도의 평균 최대값은 ‘L’ 형태에서 432.1 ℃로 ‘T’ 형태에서는 103.5 ℃로 나타났다. 또한, 실물화재 실험의 결과와 복도의 형태에 따른 환기특성을 BFD 곡선식에 적용하여 복도의 형태에 따른 화재성장 모델의 설계 과정을 제시하였다. During an accidental fire in buildings, the corridor becomes the path for flame and smoke to spread, exposing the occupants to danger. Therefore, this study conducted real-scale fire experiments using corridors of size 2.4(L) × 10(W) × 2.4(H) m an “L-type” corridor for one-way evacuation and a “T-type” corridor for two-way evacuation to analyze the characteristics of fire according to the shape of corridors. The real-scale fire experiments were conducted in a fire room (2.4(L) × 3.6(W) × 2.4(H) m) with a single opening (2.0(W) × 1.8(H) m). The combustibles used inside the fire room were wood cribs, with a heat release rate of 651.4 kW, in the L-type corridor and chairs, with a heat release rate of 95.7 kW, in the T-type corridor. The temperature inside the corridor was measured during the real-scale fire experiments, and the average maximum measured temperature was 432.1 °C in the L-type corridor and 103.5 °C in the T-type corridor. The experimental results and the ventilation characteristics according to the corridor types were applied to BFD curves to show the process of designing fire growth models according to corridor types.

우리나라 권역별 인구 불균형 분포 변화 : 2005년 이후 인구변화를 중심으로

권 일 한국교통대학교 2018 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.53 No.-

This paper is a follow-up study of Kweon‘s(2010) study on the distribution of population imbalance by region. Kweon analyzed regional imbalances based on population distribution by region and concentration level of prime city by region from 1960 to 2005. Since 2005, various national balanced development policies have been implemented in Korea including Haengbok-city, Innovative-cities, and Corporate-cities. Therefore, it is necessary to analysys the effects of the balanced development policy until now by identifying the imbalance problem of the population in each region after 2005. As a result of the study, population concentration of the Capital Region is continued from 2005 to 2015, but the numerical values of population in 2015 are increased in all regions compared to 2005. In addition, the proportion of the population of prime cities by region also decreased after 2010, indicating that balanced development policies such as construction of Haengbok-city, Innovative-cities, and Corporate-cities have shown some effect, and especially the constructions of Innovative-cities have played a major role in mitigating the imbalance. In addition, the concentrations of population to the region’s prime cities area in the region have decreased since 2010.

복합시술 모발의 자외선 보호처리에 따른 손상도와 색상 변화

라채숙ㆍ권수애ㆍ이옥규(hae Suk LaㆍSoo Ae KweonㆍOk Kyu Lee) 한국인체미용예술학회 2016 한국인체미용예술학회지 Vol.17 No.1

This study aimed to determine the effects of UV-blocking by the type of UV care agent for complex-treated hair. For this, healthy women’s hair was permed, bleached and dyed, and a Polypeptide Protein Treatment and hair sunscreen agent were applied. After that, changes in the degree of wave formation, hair surface conditions, physical properties of the hair and hair hue were examined by irradiating UVB rays. The analysis results were found as follows: In terms of the degree of wave formation, no difference was observed among UV care agents. In terms of hair surface scale, hair damage was lower when the hair was coated twice as opposed to being coated once regardless of the type of the UV care agent and treatment method. In addition, tensile strength, elongation rate and resilience rate were superior in the hair recoated with the hair sunscreen agent. In contrast, no significant difference was observed among the UV care agents in terms of damage rates. Lightness and reflected light were also high in the hair recoated with the hair sunscreen agent. In addition, the a* value, reflection and dominant wavelength were the highest in the hair with post-treatment coating for the skin while b* value, reflection and degree of irritation was the highest in the hair with post-treatment coating for hair. The said results can be summarized as follows: The UV care agent revealed effective UV-blocking effects by maintaining the wave formation and preventing hair damage. When UV rays were irradiated, the hair for post-treatment product was the most efficient in maintaining hair color.

뇌기능 장애 환자에서 뇌 SPECT의 유용성

김권영,신수범 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2006 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.31 No.3

Objective: To evaluate usefulness of the brain SPECT in brain dysfunction patients who showed low Mini-MentaI State Examination(MMSE) score. Method: Eighty four patients who were visited to a rehabilitation hospital for their brain dysfunction were retropectively studied. We investigated percent of positive finding in brain SPECT, brain CT, MRI, P-300 studies, and correlation of MMSE scores, brain SPECT, P-300 studies, and correlation of brain SPECT, brain CT and MRI, P-300 studies. Resutts: Percent of positive finding in brain SPECT was high than brain CT, MRI, P-300 studies. MMSE scores were positive correlation with brain SPECT, but no correlation with P-300 study(P>0.05). Brain SPECT were significant correlation with brain CT (P<0.05), but no correlation with brain MRI and P-300 studies (P>0.05). P-300 study was no correlation with brain CT, MRI (P>0.05). Conclusion: We concluded that brain SPECT is useful for reflection of brain dysfunction.

Refractory Ceramic Fiber와 Rock Wool로 자극한 폐포대식 세포에서 Reactive Oxygen Species 분비와 관련된 세포내 신호변환계

이권행,임영,양경숙,오현숙,김은경,김경아 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.4

Objectives : It is known that the high fibrogenecity of particles is connected with their cytotoxicity for macrophages. Although the molecular mechanism leading to fiber-induced fiber-induced cytotoxicity is still not clear, several mechanism have been suggested. The release of reactive oxygen species(ROS) from activated alveolar macrophages(AM) by dust have been suggested as a possible mechanism of particle-induced cell damage. But the mechanism which man-made vitreous fiber(MMVF) induces the production of ROS in AM is still not clear. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between ROS production and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release from alveolar treated with refractory ceramic fiber(RF2) or rock wool(RWI) and signal transduction path-way of ROS production in RF2 or RW1 exposed AM. Methods : We investigated LDH release from MMVF-stimulated AM for index of cytotoxicity. To determine what kind of signal transduction pathways are involved in MMVF-stimulated ROS generation, we used some drugs which have an effect on the signal transduction pathway. Results : RF2 and RW1 induced increase of LDH release with dose-dependent manner with RF2 having greater effect than RW1. There was a dose-dependent increase in the production of ROS by RF2 or RW1. At all level of concentration, RF2 induced more ROS production than RW1. Inhibitors of PKC(bisindolylmaleimide), PLC(U73122 and neomycine) and PTK(genistein and erbstatin) suppressed RF2 or RW1-induced ROS production. Conclusion : There was significant correlation between LDH release and ROS production from AM treated with RF2 or RW1. RF2 and RW1 induced ROS generation through protein kinase C(PKC), phospholipase C(PLC) and protein tyrosin kinase(PTK) pathways.

南冥·退溪 兩學派의 融和를 위해 노력한 澗松 趙任道

許捲洙 慶尙大學校 南冥學硏究所 2001 남명학연구 Vol.11 No.-

Gansong is a great scholar in Choson dynasty middleages. He was born in Haman county Kyungsang province depend in Nammyung school. However, He was educaded by three scholars belong to Tygae school from young age. Because his learning and personality was influenced from them strongly. especially from Yuheon. But he cannot help belonging to Nammyung school, for many Nammyung's disciple have resided in his hometown Haman and his wife's hometown moreover Nammyung's hometown Samga. Besides his father-in-law Nopa was the disciple of Nammyung's disciple Junginhong and he had be the chairman of Yongyam memorial hause. Though Gansong became a member of Nammyung school, he never has seceded from Tygae school. He has always play active part as both a member of Nammyung school and a member of Tygae school. Consequently his association span was very wide, and he made the best use of these circumstances. He has strained every nerve to mediate two schools. He was well-balanced scholar, so he has supported neither Nammyung school nor Tygac school. He adopted the good points of two schools and developed himself, became new own personality. Therefore he never have abtained a post in the government keeping his integrity. Though he has lived at seclusion, he has never forgotten nation and people. This point was influenced by Nammyung school. He has wirtten many prosees and poets, this point was influenced by Tygae school. His successors have regarded him as a member of Tygae school in order to uplit him. But this is not true. It is clear that he is both a member of Nammyung school and a member of Tygae school. His poet is very excellent, so deserves minutely study. If so, we can grasp him more crosely.

일반 대학생의 전방 보행 훈련 후 최대 심박수 및 산소 소모량의 변화

김권영,이경일,송지원 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.3

The purpose of this study was to determine the maximal cardiopulmonary response of healthy male college students in treadmill forward walking Subjects were composed of fifteen healthy male college students. Maximal heart rate and VO₂max Were determined for each subjects by administering a Bruce treadmill exercise test of the before and after forward walking training for eight weeks, Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to evaluate the changes of the forward walk training, The study showed that maximal heart rate were 170.4 beat/min in pre-training, and 177.0 beats/min in post-training respectively resting heart rate was 71.7 beat/min in pretraining and 68.3beat in post. The maximal oxygen consumption were 2283.3㎖/min, 45.6% in pre-training, and 2736.9㎖/min, 57.3% in post-training. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in maximal heart rate, heart rate ratio of maximal heart rate(% HR), oxygen consumption and oxygen consumption ratio of maximal oxygen consumption(% VO₂max) between the pre and post-training, The total lipid and HDL cholesterol, Triglyceride level were 633.3㎎/㎗, 40.8㎎/㎗, 99.3㎎/㎗ in pre-training, and 510.1㎎/㎗, 57.8㎎/㎗, 85.6㎎/㎗ in post-training and there were significant increased of HDL cholesterol in post-training. We concluded that 7km/hr forward walk training for eight weeks was more effective exercise program to promote health in the college male students.

黃鳥歌 硏究

李權宰 조선대학교 전통문화연구소 1999 전통문화연구 Vol.6 No.-

백서에서 치아이동 후 보정기간 동안 교합이 치주조직 섬유의 재형성에 미치는 영향

정권희,이기헌,황현식,이석형 전남대학교 치의학연구소 2002 구강과학 Vol.14 No.2

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of occlusion on the mechanical strength of periodontal fibers during retention periods after experimental tooth movement. In the Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 200 g or more. The intraoral elastics was inserted into the interproximal space of upper the first and second molars. After 4th day of teeth movement, the left mandibular first, second, and third molars were extracted for differentiating the occlusal side from the non-occlusal side in the experimental groups. The intraoral elastics was removed and then light cured resin was placed in the interproximal space between the bilateral upper first and second molars following undercut was made for retention. From the day beginning retention, 7 rats were sacrified at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 days respectively. For evaluating of degree on the mechanical strength of periodontal tissue, maximal shear load of the bilateral upper first molars were measured by use of Instron Universal Testing Machine. The results of this study were obtained as follows: 1. In the occlusal side from no retention group to 4-day, 8-day, 12-day, 16-day, and retention 20-day group as time was going maximal shear load was increased and there was statistically difference from retention 12-day group(p<0.05). 2. In the non-occlusal side from no retention group to 4-day, 8-day, 12-day, 16-day, and retention 20-day group as time was going maximal shear load was increased slightly but there was no statistically difference(p>0.05). 3. The result compared with maximal shear load between occlusal and non-occlusal side showed no statistically difference until retention 8-daygroup(p>0.05), and showed statistically difference from retention 12-day to 20-day group(p<0.05). These results show that the occlusion had an effect on mechanical strength of the periodontal fibers during retention periods after experimental tooth movement; therefore, it is suggested that consideration of occlusion is required for the type and length of retention at the time of retention planning.

청담대종사의 선교관에 관한 연구

노권용 진주산업대학교 2005 마음사상 Vol.3 No.-

청담(1902~1971)은 조선시대 서산이후에 전개된 선과 교와 정토를 함께 닦는 삼문수업의 전통을 계승하였다. 조선후기의 수행법은 철저하게 교의를 익힌 다음 선으로 들어가는 수행체계를 수립하였다. 선교융회의 선교관과 사교입선의 교육과 수행체계에 힘입어 조선후기의 전반적인 수행풍토는 圓融修行이 확립되었다. 서산으로부터 시작된 ‘사교입선’ ‘삼문수업’ ‘간화선우위’의 사고방식은 이렇게 한국불교에 면면히 흘러져 내려오고 있는 것이다. 이러한 풍토에 영향을 받은 청담도 사교입선의 원칙에 따라 교를 밑바탕으로 하여 禪수행을 한 후 깨달음을 얻었다. 또한 깨달음을 얻은 후 도선사에 머물면서 護國懺悔院을 건립하여 염불수행을 권장하는 圓融불교를 몸소 실천 하였다. The representative priest who tried to consolidate the confused Buddhist circle was Soe-San-Dae-Sa. He endeavoredto harmonize the Soen sect and Kyo sect and restore Buddhism, The greatest influence on the Buddhist circle of Seo-San was the tradition of ‘Sam-Mun-Su-Hak’. He always emphasized on harmonious practices. Hence, he suggested ‘Sam-Mun-Su-Up’ comprised of ‘Kyung-Joel-Mun’, ‘Won-Don-Mun’, ‘Joeng-To-Mun’. Chung-dam's influence on ‘Sa-Kyo-Ip-Soen’ still affects on the view of Seon and Kyo in Korean Buddhism. In addition, ‘Kan-Wha-Soen’ and ‘Sam-Mun-Su-Up’, emphasized by Soe-San, are established theories in practices of Korean Buddhism. It is no exaggeration to say that the Buddhist line initiated from Soe-San and his four great disciples has become the current main stream, which includes the majority of the priests of Korean Buddhism. Chung-dam's the thoughts of ‘Sa-Kyo-Ip-Soen’, ‘Sam-Mun-Soen-Up’, ‘Kan-Wha-Soen-Woo-Wui’, advocated by Chung-dam's, have been passed down in Korean Buddhism and Korean Buddhism has inherited the tradition of enlightenment with his disciples' efforts.