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A Cognitive Approach to the Meanings of the English Definite Article THE
Kwanghee Lee(이광희) 담화·인지언어학회 2007 담화와 인지 Vol.14 No.1
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the English definite article under the framework of Cognitive Grammar (Langacker 1987, 1991a, 1991b, 2000). In the first place, I focused on the concept ‘cognitive domain’ proposed by Langacker (1987:147-182). According to the concept, almost all of the human speech acts can be conceptualized and schematized in human being’s cognitive domain. In order to facilitate the discussion of the data used in this paper, I employed some terminologies of my own creating. One of them is ‘cognitive bridge’. ‘Cognitive bridge’ is constructed by the speaker and then is built on the hearer’s cognitive domain. Its first role is to be used as a cognitive setting in which ‘the’ can be naturally used. In the middle of this paper, the scope of ‘cognitive bridge’ is enlarged to ‘speaker and hearer’s cognitive domain’, and later on, it can even be expanded to the marginal line of human being’s cognitive domain, finally leaving only ‘psychological boundary’ surrounding ‘the’. As the conceptualized or crystallized meaning in CG can be placed on the very top of every possible linguistic output, so the newly established superschema of 'the' in this paper will play the role of a so called central circuit of different usages of ‘the’.
Kwanghee Koh Park,Won Kyou Joung,Sook Young Choi Korean Chemical Society 1993 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.14 No.4
Reductive transformations of gem-bromonitro compounds and ${\alpha}$-nitro ketones were carried out conveniently with sodium dithionite by using dioctyl viologen as an electron-transfer catalyst in dichloromethane-water two-phase system:the bromine atom in gem-bromonitro compounds and the nitro group in ${\alpha}$-nitro ketones are replaced by hydrogen.
Kwanghee Koh,Byung-Kue Kang Korean Chemical Society 1994 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.15 No.9
Kinetic studies of the deacylation reactions of p-and m-nitrophenyl esters of (R or S)-${\alpha}$ -methoxyphenylacetic acid were performed in ${\beta}$ -CD, mono-6-deoxy-6-[N-(2-aminoethyl)]amino-${\beta}$-CD (${\beta}$-CDen) and mono-6-deoxy-6-[N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl] amino-${\beta}$-CD (${\beta}$-CDdien) media. The binding constants (K) of the substrates to the hosts and the rate constants ($k_{\varphi}^{CD}$) for the complexed substrates were determined. $k_{\varphi}^{CD}$ values are highly dependent on the hosts and the substrates, whereas differences in K values among them are modest. The p-nitrophenyl esters show larger acceleration by -${\beta}$-CDen and -${\beta}$-CDdien than the corresponding m-isomers, while the m-isomers are more reactive than the p-isomers in -${\beta}$-CD media. This is taken as an indication that the amino groups attached to the primary side of -${\beta}$-CD participate in the deacylation reaction.