Evaluating the effects of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) venom on the expression of insulin sensitivity and inflammation-related genes in co-culture of adipocytes and macrophages

Kim Hee‐Yeon,Jo Min Jeong,Nam So Yung,Kim Kwang Min,Choi Moon Bo,Lee Yong‐Ho 한국곤충학회 2020 Entomological Research Vol.50 No.5

Obese adipose tissue is characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy and a massive macrophage infiltration. The interaction between macrophages with mature adipocytes releases pro-inflammatory cytokines. This chronic inflammatory state can contribute to obesity-related complications, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, we can attempt to prevent and treat obesity-related diseases by inhibiting macrophage infiltration and blocking their interaction with adipocytes. Honey bee (Apis mellifera) venom (BV) has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. Although BV is used to treat chronic inflammatory diseases, few studies have addressed its use in obesity-associated inflammation. This study examines the inhibitory effects of BV on lipid accumulation in differentiating preadipocytes, inflammation, and insulin resistance in macrophages and adipocyte-macrophage co-culture system. We treated 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes with BV during differentiation. We later measured lipid accumulation and gene expression of master adipogenic transcription factors. After RAW264.7 and 3 T3-L1 cells were pretreated with BV, RAW264.7 cells were activated with LPS or co-cultured with pretreated 3 T3-L1 cells. Gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and insulin sensitizing genes was measured in these cells. BV inhibited lipid accumulation and C/EBPα and PPARγ gene expression during intermediate and late 3 T3-L1 cell differentiation. BV also suppressed gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (COX-2, iNOS, MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) in LPS-stimulated macrophages, and in co-culture of 3 T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW264.7 macrophages. However, adiponectin and GLUT-4 expression were both significantly increased by BV in co-culture. These findings demonstrate that BV attenuates adipocyte hypertrophy and improves obesity-related inflammation and insulin resistance in obese adipose tissue.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

춘천 지역 중학생의 표준어 사용 실태 분석

함광연 江原大學校 江原文化硏究所 1999 강원문화연구 Vol.18 No.-

만성 치열 환자에 대한 GTN 국소요법과 보존적 치료의 효과 비교

이광렬,조경아,황도연,김건욱,박원갑,윤서구,김현식,이종균 대한대장항문학회 2000 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.16 No.6

Adamkiewicz 동맥의 폐색에 의한 척수경색 1례

이광훈,이종걸,이태연,신동익,이성현,이상수,한설희,차상훈 대한신경과학회 1998 대한신경과학회지 Vol.16 No.4

의사결정지원을 위한 상황분석적 모델링 기법에 관한 연구

연광호,홍현택,김정태 한국경영과학회 2000 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.2

This study is about the conceptual design steps in cultural knowledge content development. This study proposes the method called situational decomposition Moedling Technique. It is based on the events which are the sum of related processes. Processes are the sum of related actions. This event has a position in specific time and space, and each event has objects. Users can search events using objects and find any processes or actions on desires.

유아 무용 교육이 유아의 긍정적 자아개념에 미치는 영향

이광욱,조연숙,정일호,강성환 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.4

The purpose of this study was to examine through 24weeks whether dance education with 6-year old preschool-Kindergarten may increase positive self-concepts. The results of analysis of self-concept's change that the dance education served K kindergarten and not in the S kindergarten in Seoul were as follows. 1. There is a statistically significant relation of the generally satisfactory self-concepts between the two preschool-Kindergarten groups(P<0.05). It means that the development of satisfactory self-concepts are generally influenced by dance education programs. 2. There was no statistically significant relation of the same-aged children's self-concepts between the two preschool-Kindergarten groups (P>0.05). It means that the same-age children's self-concepts are not influenced effectively by dance education programs. 3. There was no statistically significant relation of the children's self-concepts about their teachers and kindergartens between the preschool-Kindergarten groups(P<0.05). It means that their teachers and kindergartens the children's self-concepts are not influenced effectively by dance education programs. 4. There was no statistically significant relation of the children's self-concepts about their classes between the two preschool-Kindergarten groups(P<0.05). It means that the children's self-concepts about their classes are not influenced by dance education programs. 5. There was no statistically significant relation of the children's self-concepts about their physical exercises between the two preschool-Kindergarten groups(P<0.05). It means that the children's self-concepts about their physical exercises are not influenced by dance education programs.

그람음성 세균에 대한 나노실버의 항균효과

송호연,고광균 순천향대학교 교수학습개발센터 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.3

Silver is one of the most universal anti-microbial substances. To improve the anti-microbial activity of silver, we successfully produced nanosilver by nano-technology. We examined the anti-microbial activity of nanosilver for several Gram negative pathogenic bacteria(Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi). Most bacteria were controlled within 1 ppm of nanosilver witin 1 hour. The mechanism of anti-microbial effects was explored by SEM and TEM. The severe morphologic changes, irregular cell wall, increased electron density of cytoplasm, and plasmolysis, were observed. From the result, nanosilver will be available as an antibiotics alternative.

成人女性의 心肺機能과 回復方法에 따른 血中乳酸 및 Catecholamine 變化에 關한 硏究

백광현,박수연,박철빈 경희대학교 체육과학연구소 1997 體育學論文集 Vol.25 No.-

The purposes of this study were 1) to investigate the effect of blood lactate disappearance during maximal exercise load and recovery; 2) to deteermine changes of blood lactate concentrations during incremental maximal exercise for the training and non-training groups; 3) to estimate changes of chrdiopulmonary function during exercise and recovery; 4) to analyze changes of plasma epinephrine, and norepinephrine during exercise and recovery. The subjects of this study consist of a total of 16 young adult women with a mean age of 22.1 year (7 basketball athletes and 9 women students) who are following at Physical Education department in S womens universilty. Incremental maximal exercise load test and active recovery (Vo2max40%) and passive recovery after Vo2max 100% were conducted on the treadmill three times at a week interval. 1.The results of this study indicated that with increasing time of exercise during the same intensity of exercises oxygen uptake was significanatly「(P<.05) higher in non-training group than training group. However, oxygen uptake was high in training group(52.34±9.87ml/kg/min) compare to non-training group(46.07±7.01ml/kg/min) at the level of all-out exorcise. 2.Respiratory exchange ratio at 10min absolute maximal exercise load was significantly high(P<.05) in non-training group(0.95 ±0.05) compare to training group(0.90± 0.05). 3.Hear rate at rest, during exercise, and recovery was high in non-training group compare to training group. Especially significant difference(p<.05) could be observde in heart rate between training(148.6±18.3beats/min, 175.0± 12.7beats/min) and non-training groups(164.1 ± 18.3bents/min. 189± 10. 1beats/min) at 6 and 10 min exercise. 4.Ventilation volume increased with increasing title and intensity of exercise and there was no difference between training and non-training groups. 5.Blood lactate concentrations during 6,8, 10, and 12 min of incremental maximal exercise load were significantly (p<.05) low in training group(1.51 ±0.41mM/l, 1.830mM/l. 1.84±0.37mM/l, 3.11 ± 0.33mM/l) compare to non-training group(2.28±0.51mM/l, 3.09±0.50mM/l. 4.85± 1.16mM/l. 6.09 ±0.99mM/1). 6.Blood lacate concentrations at recovery after a brief period of maximal exertcise load was found to be significantly low (p<.01) in trainging group compare to non-training group. 7.Recove rate of blood lactate aftar a brief period of maximal exercise load was significantly high(p<.05) in active recovery method(88.25± 10.85%. 76.30± 14.67%) compare to passive recovery method(42.41 ±8.93%, 46.69± 13.50%). 8.There was no significant change in plasma epinephrine for training 76.27±14.67pg/ml, 60.76±34.53pg/ml and non-training 72.37±23.46pg/ml, 77.10±28.58pg/ml groups at passive and active recovery after a brief period of maximal exercise load. However, plasma epinephring was significantly low(p<.05) in training group compare to non-training group. 9.There was no significant change in plasma norepinephrine for training (232.34±33.16pg/ml, 263.51±93.25pg/ml) and non-training(244.37±91.87pg/ml, 244.97±47.44pg/ml) groups at passive and active recovery after a brief of period of maximal exercise load. However, no significant difference was found in plasma norepinephrine between training antral non-training groups. 10.There were no differences in epinephrine and norepinephrine after a brief period of maximal exercise load for active(271.48±72.16pg/ml, 297.96± 101.21pg/ml) and passive recovery(271.70±81.28pg/ml, 311.69±109.38pg/ml) respectively. 11.No relationships could be observed between epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations and maximal capillary blood locate values after a brief period of maximal exercise load. In conclusion, blood lactate concentrations were significantly low in training group after maximal exercise load compare to non-training group. Recovery of blood lactate concentration after exercise was also faster in training group compared to non-training group. Especially, active recovery at rest was found to be more effective blood lactate disappearance. There were no changes in catecholamine after a brief period of maximal exercise load. Catecholamine concentrations were not affected by recovery method and it did not show to be influenced by blood lactate concentrations.

흰구름버섯(Coriolus hirsutus)에 의한 방향족 염료의 탈색

송연홍,최철민,김창진,신광수 대전대학교 이과대학 기초과학연구소 1997 自然科學 Vol.- No.-

담자균류 백색부후균의 일종인 흰구름버섯(Coriolus hirsutus)을 실험균주로 하여 수종의 난분해성 방향족염료의 분해능을 측정하였다. 사용된 4종류의 염료 중, triphenyl methane 염료인 bromophenol blue가 탈색를 95% 이상으로 가장 잘 탈색되었으며, Congo red와 Poly R-478은 이보다는 낮은 57%, 55% 가 탈색되었다. 그러나, heterocyclic 염료인 methylene blue는 본 균주에 의해 거의 탈색되지 않아TDmau, UV-visible spectrum상에서의 심색성 이동만 관찰되었다. 세포외 laccase와 peroxidase의 활성은 각 염료의 탈색율과 비례하여 나타났으며, 최대 활성 또한 최대 탈색시기에 관찰되었다. 효소의 활성 염색시 모든 연료의 탈색배지에서 공통적인 laccase와 peroxidase의 활성 띠가 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때, 세포의 laccase와 peroxidase가 난분해성 염료의 탈색에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 판단된다. The white rot fungus Coriolus hirsutus decolorized several recalcitrant dyes. Four different types of dyes, including azo, triphenyl methane, heterocyclic, and polymeric dye, were treated by the mycelial preparation. Tri-phenyl methane dye, bromophenol blue lost over 95% of its color. Congo red and Poly R-478 were decolorized less than bromophenol blue, 57 and 55%, respectively. However, heterocyclic dye, methylene blue was not decolorized significantly and only red shift was observed. Extracellular laccase and peroxidase. activities were appeared maximally in high level of dye decolorization media. In electrophoretic experiments, common active bands of laccase and peroxidase were found in all dye decolorized medium. These results indicated that the culture conditions which yield high levels of laccase and peroxidase activity lead to high levels of dye decolorization, and these two enzymes might be play an important roles in dye decolorization.