국산 Lidocaine 알칼리화를 위한 Bicarbonate 혼합시 침전유발 최소량에 대한 고찰

이선호,김현수,곽인숙,안원식,최관호,김광민,손민제 대한마취과학회 2000 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.39 No.5

Background : When local anesthetics for regional anesthesia is used, usually small amounts of bicar-bonate are added for rapid onset. This addition gives the mixed solution a more alkaline pH. The following result is an increased unionized form of the local anesthetic and rapid penetration of the drug into tiissue. Unfortunately, no data about adequate mixing volumes of domestic lidocaine and bicarbonate is available. Methods : We examined six mixing pairs of two kinds of 2% lidocaines and three kinds of 8.4% bicarbonates for minimum volumes of bicarbonate to cause a precipitation of 2% 20 ml lidocaine. Results : The mean volumes of bicarbonate to cause precipitation were 1.54 ml for Kwang-Myung lidocaine with Kwang-Myung bicarbonate, 2.90 ml for Kwang-Myung lidocaine with Dae-Won bicarbonate, 2.73 ml for Kwang-Myung lidocaine with Je-Il bicarbonate, 0.97 ml for Je-Il lidocaine with Kwang-Myung bicarbonate, 1.26ml for Je-Il lidocaine with Dae-Won bicarbonate and 1.39 ml for Je-Il lidocaine with Je-Il bicarbonate. Conclusions : We conclude that the Kwang-Myung lidocaine and the Je-Il lidocaine could cause precipitation when mixing with a smaller bicarbonate volume than foreign textbook recommended. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2000; 39: 726-729)

인체구강상피세포의 배양조건에 대한 연구

박종수,최희웅,이수관,김수복,고광삼 中央醫學社 1990 中央醫學 Vol.55 No.2

Human epithelial cell cultures were initiated from explants of normal human oral mucosa. Growth parameter and cell type were assessed by DNA concentration and morphology of the cell lines. Tissues were excised and epithelial cells isolated by collagenase digestion. Spermine was used in order to inhibit overgrowth of the epithelial cells by fibroblast. The effects of different medium formulations were compared. Cultures maintained on the same volume of RPMI 1640 and Dulbecco's modified minimum essential medium containing 10 % fetal bovine serum, 10 ?g/ml of insulin, lng/ml of somatomedin and 10 ng/ml of epidermal growth factor showed optimal and maximal growth. For each cultured human oral epithelial cell the DNA content was in the- range of 5.7 pg to 6.6 pg. This culture system provides epithelial cells that can be used for a variety of dental and biochemical studies.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

溫床用上의 理化學的 特性이 幼苗의 系質에 미치는 影響 : Park, Hwa-Sung & Kwang-Soo Kim 溫上의 異化學的 特性

朴華性,金光秀 全南大學校 農漁村開發硏究所 1982 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.17 No.1

本 實驗은 施設園藝地帶인 光山郡, 順天市, 康津郡 等에서 葉菜類와 果菜類의 育苗用 床土를 試料로 22点 分讓받아 수행하였으며 結果는 다음과 같다. 1.床土의 助成과 性質에 關與하는 가장 重要한 因子는 有機物含量인데 有機物含量이 높아짐에 따라 假比重과 眞比重은 낮았고 空隙率, 水分含量, 全窒素, 置換容量은 높아진다. 2. 葉菜類의 床土는 有機物含量이 많은 반면 果菜類床土의 경우는 그보다 낮게 나타났다. 봄결구배추床土의 有機物含量은 8.85~9.19%의 範圍로 別變化가 없었다. 3. 床土의 pH는 4.9~7.2의 範圍에 있었으며 大部分이 pH 7±1로서 中性에 가까웠다. 4. 置換性 K는 7点이 1.0m.e. 以上이었고 15点이 1.0m.e. 以下로 나타났다. 5. 苗의 바람직한 生育을 위해 P.K.의 量을 規定짓기는 어려우나 床土의 試料內에는 相當量의 養分이 含有되 있는 것을 알 수 있다. This experiment was intended to know the effects of physical and chemical properties of the excellent composts. Twenty two samples were collected from plastic covered greenhouse zone in chonnam province. The results obtained are as follows; 1. One of the most important factors in relation to the texture and other properties of the composts was the organic matter content. The higher the organic matter content were the lower the specific gravity and the apparent specific gravity and the higher the porosity, moisture content, total nitrogen and exchangeable capacity. 2. The composts for raising leaf vegetable seedlings contained higher levels of organic matter while the ones for fruit vegetable contained rather less. The organic matter contents in the composts for spring heading Chinese cabbage were not variable ranging from 8.85 to 9.19 percent. 3. Hydrogen-ion concentrations of the composts were in the range of pH 4.9~7.2 but most of them were in pH 7±1 or nearly neutral in their reaction. 4. Seven samples contained more than l.0m.e. of exchangeable potassium, and fifteen of them contained lower than l.0m.e. of it. 5. It was not clear how high of P or K levels were sufficient for the excellents in some of the samples, at least, were so high, that they seemed to contain surplus amounts of fertilizers.

관절원판 유착을 동반한 악관절 내장증 환자의 수술후 증상의 변화

김형곤,남광현,박광호,허종기,김일수,최희수 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2000 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.22 No.3

Purpose: The aim of this study was to find the clinical characteristics of the patients who had temporo-mandibular joint internal derangement(ID) with disc adhesion(adhesion group) compared to only disc displacement without disc adhesion, perforation, hyperemia, and so on(ID group) . Materials and methods: Thirty seven joints were included in adhesion group and 54 joints in ID group of all 174 patients(174 joints) treated surgically and had been checked periodically over 12 months at TMJ clinic of Yongdong Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, between 1992 and 1997. Mouth opening range, pain during mouth opening and biting, headache, neck/shoulder pain and TMJ sound were checked his/her every visit before and after surgery. Results: The maximum mouth opening was improved significantly after postoperative 3 months in two groups(p<0.01), but adhesion group was less improved. Pain during mouth opening was improved significantly over 3 months after surgery in adhesion group(p<0.01), but in ID group 1 month after surgery. Biting pain was improved and maintained it after surgery and not significant difference between two groups. Headache and neck/shoulder pain were much improved after surgery(p<0.01) , but slight relapse was found in adhesion group after 12 months. TMJ sound was more found in adhesion group after 1 month(p<0.05), but after 3 months, no significant difference was found between two groups. Conclusions: The postoperative results of adhesion group were worse than ID group. Therefore, it is considered more carefully to diagnose and treat in cases of internal derangement with adhesion.

고등학교 야영활동 참여가 인성발달에 미치는 영향

노형철(Hyung Chul Roh),정명수(Myeong Soo Jung),정순승(Soon Seung Jung),이광호(Kwang Ho Lee) 한국사회체육학회 2000 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.13 No.-

Camping activities were thought as one of educational methods. This study analyzed effects of participation in camping activities on high school students` humanity development variables, which affect humanity development were used for this study and data were collected at high schools in Kwang-ju city. At this site 600 surveys were distributed to a random sample of 300 participant and 30 non participant in camping activities. The results were as follows. 1. Participation in camping activities more positively affected humanity developments of male students` than that of female students`. 2. There was significant relationship between camping activities and sociality, leadership, activity and responsibility development. 3. There is no relationship between frequency of participation in camping activities and humanity development. Since the data were collected only at high schools in Kwang-ju city, further studies on high schools in countrysides would be required.

포장재질에 따른 김치의 저장성Ⅰ

강미정,윤경영,이광희,윤광섭,김광수 대구효성가톨릭대학교 식품과학연구소 1997 식품과학지 Vol.9 No.-

수출용 김치에 주로 사용되고 있는 유리병을 대상으로 유통과정 중 상품성 유지와 더불어 저장성 향상을 도모하고자 포장방법에 따른 저장성 효과를 비교ㆍ실험하였다. 포장방법은 유리병을 이용하여 밀폐포장과 투과성 포장을 하였으며 내부 포장재로 사용한 PE film 두께별(0.01, 0.06, 0.08, 0.1㎜) 저장성 향상능력을 비교하였다. 포장김치는 10℃에서 28일간 저장하면서 pH 및 산도, 색도의 변화와 관능적 품질변호를 측정하였다. 저장기간에 따른 pH와 산도의 변화에서 포장방법간에 큰 차이는 없었으나 밀폐 포장의 경우 film 두께가 다소 얇은 0.06, 0.01㎜ 처리구에서, 투과성 포장의 경우 film 두께가 다소 두꺼운 0.06, 0.08㎜ 처리구에서 높은 pH와 낮은 산도를 나타내었다. 특히 0.06㎜ 처리구의 경우 포장방법에 관계없이 control이나 타처리구에 비해 완만한 pH와 산도변화를 나타내었고, 상미한계점이 연장될 뿐만 아니라 효모에 의한 연부현상이나 탄산가스에 의한 뚜껑의 개봉이나 폭발음 등의 현상이 나타나지 않았다. 색도 측정시 저장 14일을 전후로 증가하던 L, a, b값이 감소하는 경향이었으며 이는 밀폐 포장과 투과성 포장에서 동일하게 나타났다. 관능적 품질평가에서 포장방법간에 큰 차이는 없었으나 신맛과 조직김이 유의적인 관계가 있는 것으로 보였고, 상미한계점을 경과할수록 조직감이 기호도를 좌우하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 0.06㎜ 투과성 포장시 밀폐 포장보다 신맛이 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 저장 14일 이후부터는 0.06㎜ film 처리시 관능적 품질평가 전반에 걸쳐 우수한 것으로 인정(5%의 범위)되었다. 이상의 결과로 유리병포장의 경우 기체투과성이 높은 PE film으로 내부포장하는 것이 저장성 연장효과를 기대할 수 있으며, 특히 0.06㎜ film으로 밀폐 포장 또는 투과성 포장시 높은 저장성 연장효과와 더불어 탄산가스에 의한 팽창방지를 완화시킬 것으로 기대된다. The effect of various packaging methods on kimchi quality was investigated in order to develop the packaging techniques for preventing bottled kimchi products from inflation and expolsing, due to fermentative gas evolved during storage and distribution. Kimchi was packaged in bottle(400g) under atomosphere different methods; 1) control, 2) airtight packaging, 3) permeable packaging, Kimchi packaged with polyethylene(PE) film was stored at 10℃ and film thickness were used 0.01, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1㎜. To evaluated quality change of kimchi, pH, acidity, color, and sensory score were measured periodically. Although pH and acidity change was not significant depending on the packaging method, airtight packaging with 0.06, 0.01㎜ film and permeable packaging with 0.06, 0.08㎜ film showed higher pH value and lower acidity then those of the others. Color change at kimchi as L, a, b value increased until 14 days and the decreased in airtight and permeable packaging. Sensory evaluation were not significant among packaging method during storage, but sour taste and texture scores were significant. Also, sour tast of permeable packaging with 0.06㎜ film showed higher than airtight packaging. After 14 days of storage, total sensory evaluation was excellent of packaging with 0.06㎜ film. Therefore, 0.06㎜ was found to be the most effective packaging method, although airtight and permeable packaging were not significant for storage properties.

김치의 제조 및 유통중 가스발생 방지에 관한 연구

윤경영,강미정,이광희,윤광섭,김광수 대구효성가톨릭대학교 식품과학연구소 1997 식품과학지 Vol.9 No.-

대량생산을 위한 김치의 산업화에 있어서 가장 큰 문제점인 유통시의 산패현장과 포장팽대 및 파손을 지연시켜 김치의 저장기간을 연장하고자 이산화탄소 흡수능력을 가진 물질을 가스흡수제로 처리하여 저장중 김치의 품질을 검토하였다. 품질평가를 위한 측정항목은 pH, 산도, 색상, 이산화탄소 함량 및 젖산균수 그리고 총균수를 측정하였다. 수산화칼륨, 수산화칼슘, 수산화나트륨과 같은 알칼리물질과 연화마그네슘, 염화칼슘과 같은 염화합물을 가스흡수제로 사용한 결과, 수산화칼륨과 수산화나트륨처리구가 타처리구에 비해 pH의 감소가 적었으며, 또한 산도의 증가가 다소 낮았다. 수산화칼륨과 수산화나트륨을 각각 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% 세단계의 농도로 처리한 결과 pH와 산도에 있어서 수산화칼륨처리구가 수산화나트륨처리구에 비해 높은 pH와 낮은 산도를 나타내었다. 또한 각 처리구의 농도에 따라 큰 차이가 나타나지 않아 간편성과 경제적인 면, 그리고 시각적인 면을 고려해 볼 때 0.25% 수산화칼륨처리구가 탄산가스흡수에 의해 김치의 저장기간을 연장하는데 다소 효과를 보였다. PE bag으로 포장된 수산화칼슘과 PE flim(0.02㎜)으로 포장한 0.25% 수산화칼륨을 가스흡수제로 사용하여 무처리구와 비교하여 저장중 김치의 품질을 검토하였다. 저장중 0.25% 수산화칼륨처리구와 시판용 김치의 가스흡수제인 수산화칼슘처리구를 비교할 때, 수산화칼륨처리구가 무처리구에 비해 pH 및 산도의 차이가 컸으며, 김치의 조직과 국물속에 용해되어 있는 이산화탄소의 함량도 적었다. 그리고 총균수에 있어서 타처리구에 비해 수산화칼륨처리구가 높은 값을 나타내었다. When kimchi was manufactured and circulated, largest question is rancidity phenomenon and packing swelling. This study was conducted to prevent these phenomenon and prolong the shelf-life of kimchi. KOH, NaOH, Ca(OH)_2, MgCl_(2), and CaCl_(2) were used to gas-absorbent. The pH of kimchi used KOH, NaOH was higher than the others. The acidity of kimchi used KOH, NaOH was lower than the others. The concentration of KOH, NaOH was 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%. The decrease of pH and increase of acidity that kimchi dealt with KOH were lower than kimchi used NaOH. There in no significant difference in concentration of gas-absorbent. Comparision of kimchi used 0.25% KOH and Ca(OH)_2. Ca(OH)_2 packaged PE bag and 0.25% KOH packaged PE film(0.02㎜) were used to gas-absorbent. On comparision to control, kimchi dealt with 0.25% KOH was higher than kimchi used Ca(OH)_2 at pH and acidity. The CO_(2) contents of kimchi dealt with 0.25% KOH was lowest. The number of total microbe kimchi dealt with 0.25% KOH was highest.

공동 VE활동의 사례연구

김광수 忠州大學校 2012 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.47 No.-

The purpose of VE (Value Engineering) activities is to come to an achievement of building necessary functions at the lowest possible cost. This study unfolds the co-VE activities which occurred between Gas Range and its partner company in the supply of Grill Body. The co-VE activity has accomplished the cost reduction of about 57 million through performing the function deployment of 12 parts and by devising the alternatives.

KANO 모형을 이용한 서비스 품질 향상에 관한 연구

김광수 한국교통대학교 2020 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.55 No.-

This study utilized the Kano model to analyze the various service factors of hair salon from customer’s perspectives. According to the survey conducted on 87 hair shop consumers, attractive quality factor was identified as the ‘waiting time’. On the other hand, one-dimensional quality factor was identified as hair style satisfaction and employee friendliness. The findings of this study contribute to understanding the key quality features to focus on strengthening the competitiveness of hair salon in hair shop administration.