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이종광 계명대학교 국제학연구소 2000 국제학논총 Vol.5 No.-
The European Parliament(EP), which represents 'the peoples of the States brought together in the European Union', is the only Community institution that meets and deliberates in public. The first direct elections to the EP were held in June 1979. The EP derives its legitimacy from direct universal suffrage and has increasingly acquired greater influence and power through a series of treaties. These treaties, particularly the 1992 Maastricht Treaty and the 1997 Amsterdam Treaty, have transformed the EP from a consultative assembly into a legislative parliament. The number of Members per state is laid down by the Treaties. In the Chamber, Members sit in political groups, not in national delegations. The EP has three fundamental powers; the power to legislate, the power of the purse and the power to supervise the executive. The normal legislative procedure is codecision. It puts the EP and the Council on an equal footing and leads to the adoption of joint Council and EP acts. Codecision is now one of Parliament's mast important powers. The power of the purse is a significant power which allows the EP to assert its political priorities. Since the 1970 and 1975 Luxembourg Treaties which created the Community's own resources, the EP and the Council share the power of the purse. Parliament exercises democratic supervision over all Community activities. This power, which was originally allied to the activities of the Commission only, has been extended to the Council of Ministers, the European Council. The EP can also set up committees of inquiry. The EP plays an important role in the process of appointing the Commission. After approving the nomination for Commission President, Parliament holds hearings with the nominee Commissioners and then appoints the Commission by a vote of confidence. This power, in addition to Parliament's right to censure the Commission, is a powerful political weapon since the adoption of a motion of censure would force the Commission to resign. Parliament's expanded budgetary and legislative powers have increased its influence over the Council and the Commission. The co-decision procedure in particular has helped to create a balance of legislative power between the Council and the EP.
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연속형 센서와 웨이브 전파를 이용한 판 구조물의 손상감지
이종원,최광호,이중원 남서울대학교 2007 남서울대학교 논문집 Vol.13 No.4
Abstract : The response characteristics of long continuous sensors are studied for damage detection in a plate structure based on strain waves that are generated by damage. That is, the response characteristics of the long continuous sensors, which are long ribbon-like sensors and can be fabricatedby piezoceramic ribbon fibers, etc. are studied by simulation of wavepropagation in a panel to improve sensing capability of the waves that arepropagating by damage. The advantage of the long continuous sensor is toimprove damage detection by having a large coverage of sensors on thestructure using a small number of channels of data acquisition. Theresponses from the long continuous sensor are similar if the damages arelocated at the same normal distance to the sensor, and these similar patternscan make it easy to estimate the damage. Keywords : long continuous sensor, damage detection, wave propagation 요지 : 이 연구에서는 손상에 의해 발생하는 변형률 웨이브 검출을 통한 판 구조물의 손상위치추정을 위하여 연속형 센서의 응답특성에 대하여 연구하였다. 즉, 균열발생 및 균열진전등과 같은 손상에 의하여 발생되는 웨이브를 보다 효과적으로 감지하기 위하여, 피에조 세라믹 섬유 등을 이용하여 리본 형으로 길게 제작할 수 있는 연속형 센서의 응답특성을 웨이브 전파 시뮬레이션을 통하여 연구하였다. 이러한 센서를 적용하는 경우, 적은 수의 데이터 취득 채널을 이용하여 구조물의 넓은 영역을 감지할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 또한 연속형 센서와 여러 손상위치들의 직각거리가 같은 경우 센서에서 감지되는 각각의 응답들은손상위치들에 대해 거의 동일한 양상을 보이며, 이러한 응답패턴을 이용하면 판 구조물의손상위치를 더욱 효과적으로 추정할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 핵심용어: 연속형 센서, 손상추정, 웨이브 전파
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정승열,이광희,라지영,이동진,안소연,김지영,송지현,김윤희 大韓小兒齒科學會 2008 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.35 No.4
연구 목적은 상악 유전치 우식증의 발생 요인을 규명하기 위함이었다. 연구대상은 익산시 어린이집 중에서 무작위로 추출 한 7개 어린이집의 36개월 이상 71개월 미만의 남아 214명, 여아 187명, 모두 401명이었다. 연구방법은 상악 유전치 우식 증의 유병률을 조사하고, 성별, 연령, 모유 수유 또는 인공 수유, 수유 기간, 감미 간식 섭취 빈도, 칫솔질 시작 시기, 1일 칫솔질 횟수 등을 조사하여 상악 유전치 우식증과의 연관성을 분석하였다. 연구결과를 보면, 상악 유전치 우식증의 유병률은 남아에서 43.0%, 여아에서 26.7%로서 남아가 여아보다 유의하게 높았고(P<0.01), 수유 기간 2년 이하 군에서 31.0%. 2-3 년 군에서 43.2%, 3년 이상 군에서 63.2%로서 수유 기간이 길어질수록 유의하게 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며(P<0.01), 감미 간식을 매일 섭취하는 군에서 44.2%,2-3일에 한 번 섭취하는 군에서 31.47%, 자주 섭취하지 않는 군에서 32.4%로서, 매일 섭취하는 경우에 상악 유전치 우식증과의 유의한 연관성이 있었다(P<0.05). 연령, 모유 수유 또는 인공 수유, 칫솔질 시작 시기, 1일 칫솔질 횟수에서는 상악 유전치 우식증과 유의한 연관성이 나타나지 않았다(P>0.05). The purpose of study was to investigate the etiologic factors of maxillary primary anterior caries. The subjects of study were 401 preschool children, 214 boys and 187 girls, from 36 to 71 months old of randomly selected seven nurseries in Iksan city. The prevalence of maxillary primary anterior teeth was cross-analyzed with gender, age, breast feeding or bottle feeding, length of feeding, sweet snack intake frequency, beginning of tooth-brushing, and toothbrushing frequency per day. The prevalence was 43.0% in boys and 26.7% in girls, and there was significant association between the prevalence and gender in cross analysis(P<0.01). The prevalences of the shorter than 2 years of feeding group, the from 2 to 3 years group, and the longer than 3 years group were 31.0%, 43.2%, and 63,2%, respectively, and there was significant association between the prevalence and the length of feeding (P<0.01). Daily intake of sweet snacks had a significant association with the prevalence(P<0.05) There was no significant association between the prevalence and the variables of age, breast feeding or bottle feeding, beginning of toothbrushing, and toothbrushing frequency per day(P>0.05).
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주현종,이광현 京機大學校 2006 論文集 Vol.50 No.-
The object the study diagnose and analyse on industrial wastewater treatment plant. The term bulking has been used for many to describe problems. associated with the separation of activated of sludge. A precise definition tern is difficult since in the past it has been used to describe a variety of problems. This has resulted in considerable confusion for those trying to investigate the phenomenon. The effect of bulking on the quality of final effluent from an activated-sludge plant will depend on the seriousness of the problem and the design of the secondary settlement thanks. Where settle ability is poor, but not excessively so, and the design of secondary settlement tanks is reasonably conservative, it is that under such circumstances a deep sludge blanket forms in the settlement tank and the latter then acts a blanket clarifier. Filtration of suspended material occur in the blanket and this results in a final effluent with a lower suspended-solids content and a proportionately reduced biochemical oxygen demand.
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