칸트철학에 있어서 아름다움의 구조에 관한 연구

조관홍,추군식 東亞大學校 2005 東亞論叢 Vol.42 No.-

Die Definition des Geschmacks, daß er das Vermögen der Beurteilung des Schönen sei. Das Geschmacksurteil ist ästheisch. Das Wohlgellen, welches das Geschmacksurteil bestimmt, ist ohne alles Interesse. Interesse wird das Wohlgefallen genannt, das wir mit der Vorstellung der Existenz eines Gegenstandes verbinden. Ein solches hat daher immer zugleich Beziehung auf das Begehrungsvermögen, entweder als Bestimmungsgrund desselben, oder doch als mit dem Bestimmungsgrunde desselben notwendig zusammenhängend. Das Wohlgefallen am Angenehmen ist mit Interesse verbunden. Angenehm ist das, was den Sinnen in der Empfindung gefällt. Das Wohlgefallen am Guten ist mit Interesse verbunden. Gut ist das, was vermittelst der Vernunft, durch den bloßen Begriff, gefällt. Das Schöne ist das, was ohne Begriffe als Objekt eines allgemeinen Wohlgefallens vorgestellt wird. Die Allgemeinheit des Wohlgefallens wird in einem Geschmacksurteile nur als subjektiv vorgestellt. Die subjektiv Notwendigkeit, die wir dem Geschmacksurteile beilegen, ist bedingt. Schön ist, was ohne Begriff als Gegenstand eines notwendigen Wohlgefallens erkannt wird. Das Schöne kommt darin mit dem Erhabenen überein, daß beides für sich selbst gefällt. Zum Schönen der Natur müssen wir einen Grund außer uns suchen, zum Erhabenen aber bloß in uns und der Denkungsart, die in die Vorstellung der ersteren Erhabenheit hineinbringt. Erhaben nennen wir das, was schlechthin groß ist. Die Größenschätzung durch Zahlbegriffe (oder deren Zeichen in der Algebra) ist mathematisch, die aber in der bloßen Anschauung (nach dem Augenmaße) ist ästhetisch. Macht ist ein Vermögen, welches großen Hindernissen überlegen ist. Ebendieslbe heißt eine Gewalt, wenn sie auch dem Widerstande dessen, was selbst Macht besitzt, überlegen ist. Die Natur im ästhetischen Urteile als Macht, die über uns keine Gewalt hat, betrachtet, ist dynamisch-erhaben. In Beziehung auf das Gefühl der Lust ist ein Gegenstand einweder zum Angenehmen oder Schönen oder Erhabenen oder Guten (schlechthin) zu zählen (incundum. pulchrum, sublime, honestum).

연질폴리염화비닐 발포체의 발포온도 강하에 관한 연구

徐寬浩,金祐埴,池一勳 慶北大學校 1989 論文集 Vol.47 No.-

To decrease the blowing temperature of paste PVC, citric acid, boric acid, boric acid, 4,4'-oxybis(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide), and p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide were mixtured in azodicarbonamide with warious weight ratios, respectively. Boric acid had not an important effect on the decreasing the decomposition temperature of azodicarbonamide. Citric acid had a good effect on the decomposition temperature of azodicarbonamide. But, when the citric acid was used as co-blowing agent, the cell of PVC foam was bad. 4,4'-oxybis(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide) and p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide had a good effect on the decreasing the decomposition temperature of azodicarbonamide, and the cell of PVC foam was good. Moreover, when 4,4'-oxybis(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide) was used as co-blowing agent, the cell of PVC foam was excellent.

창의성 교육에 있어 감성 이미지를 이용한 아이디어 발상 연구

이관식 경복대학 2003 京福論叢 Vol.7 No.-

디자인교육에 있어 가장 중요한 핵은 창의적 아디디어의 발상이다. 이는 자신의 내적,외적환경과 자신만의 경험, 지식등으로 이루어진 자기철학 및 자신의 감성확립에 기초를 두고있다. 그러나 급변하는 사회속에서 디자인의 중요성과 필요성이 나타나는데도 불구하고 아직까지 창의성과 창작감각을 고루갖춘 인재양성을 위한 준비가 미흡한 실정이다. 감성이미지를 이용한 디자인이 필요한 이유는 감성시대를 살고있는 현대인의 정서를 파악하는 일이다. 이에따라 그들이 원하는 요구를 분석평가후 데이터베이스를 구축해 디자이너가 활용하도록 체계화된 감성이미지 발상방법을 조기에 정착하여야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존의 아이디어 발상법의 비교와 새로운 감성이미지를 이용한 아이디어 발상법을 제시해 질높은 디자인 교육환경이 조성될 수 있다는 점에서 의미가 있다 하겠다. The most important thing in design education is brainstorming. It is based on one's own philosophy and the emotion established from one's environment, experience, and knowledge. Unfortunately, however, despite the importance and necessity of design in the fast changing society, the preparation for the upbringing of manpower with creativity and creative sensibility runs short of much endeavor. The reason the design using emotional image is needed is that the design is the very thing through which to understand the emotion of modern people. Hence the necessity, after the analysis and evaluation of the need of modern people, of the early establishment of the way to systematically arouse emotional image for the designer to adopt. Therefore, this study, through comparison of the established brainstorming method with that of new emotional image, aims to create a new and quality environment of design education.

소프트웨어 開發危險이 프로젝트 成果에 미치는 影響

나관식 서원대학교 미래창조연구소 2004 과학과 문화 Vol.1 No.1

The effective management of software development projects remains a central problem for both practitioners and researchers in information system. Risk management or risk-based approach to software project management was developed to explain the effects of software development risk on software project performance. Based on a prior theory, four hypotheses were derived and empirically tested using the Structural Eouation Model. Data from 117 projects suggested support for the research model. Increases in the functional development risk were directly associated with increases in overall software development risk which, in turn, led to decreases in both process and product performance.

웹 기반 8051 마이크로콘트롤러 교육 컨텐츠 구현

최관순,이순홈,김동식 순천향대학교 부설 산업기술연구소 2004 순천향 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.10 No.2

원격 교육시스템의 구현은 인터넷의 기술의 급격한 발전과 함께 활발하게 연구가 진행 되고 있다. 공학 분야에서 원격 교육시스템을 구현하는데 가장 큰 제약사항은 하드웨어의 제어이다. 본 연구에서는 8051 원격 컴파일 시스템을 구현하였으며, 시스템의 구성은 학습자가 웹에서 8051실습 키트를 직접 제어해보며 학습하도록 할 것이다. 학습자는 C언어와 어셈블리어로 8051제어 소스를 작성하고 작성된 소스파일을 서버에 업로드 하여 컴파일 및 링크할 수 있다. 이 과정을 통해 생성된 실행파일을 서버에 연결되어있는 8051 실습키트에 다운로드하여 실행하도록 구현하였다. 또한, 실행 결과의 확인은 웹 카메라를 통해 학습자의 PC에 영상데이터를 전송하여 8051키트의 동작을 학습자들이 확인하게 된다.

성장기 백서에 있어서 기능적 측방편위가 하악골의 성장에 미치는 영향

박관식 慶北大學校 齒科大學 1995 慶北齒大論文集 Vol.12 No.2

본 연구는 기능적 교합장애에 의한 하악골 측방편위가 하악골의 성장에 미치는 영향과 교합장애 제거후 나타나는 하악골의 성장양상을 알아 보기 위하여 생후 4주령의 웅성 백서에서 상악우측, 하악우좌 절치를 2주 및 4주간 절단한 실험군과 4주간 절치절단을 시행하고 2주간 절단을 중지한 실험군에서 하악골및 과두연골의 변화를 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1.실험 2주군에서 좌측의 하악골장경, 과두장경, 하악골고경, 과두단면적은 우측 및 정상군에 비해 작은 경향을 보였고 우측의 하악골장경, 과두단면적은 정상군에 비해 작았다. 2.실험 4주군에서는 좌측 과두단면적이 우측에 비해 작았으나 좌측하악골의 빠른 적응성 변화로 좌, 우측 하악골장경은 유사하였다. 그러나 정상군에 비해서는 하악골장경, 과두단면적이 여전히 작은 경향을 보였다. 3.절치절단 중지 후 2주 경과한 실험 6주군에서는 기능이 정상화됨에 따라 좌측과 우측이 동일한 성장을 보이나 정상군에 비해서는 여전히 하악골장경이 짧았다. 4.시상면에서 실험2주군의 좌측 과두연골은 우측및 정상군에 비해 연골층의 증식이 전반적으로 억제된 소견을 보이며 우측 또한 정상군에 비해 성장이 억제되었다. 그러나 실험 4주군, 6주군에서는 정상군과 유사한 소견이 관찰되었다. 5.하악과두연골층체적은 전 실험기간 동안에 실험군의 좌, 우측간, 그리고 실험군과 정상군의 동측간 비교시 유의성있는 차이를 관찰할 수 없었다. 이상에서 성장기 백서에 편측 절치절단을 시행한 경우, 시상면에서는 절단측의 하악골 및 과두의 성장이 억제되는 효과를 관찰할 수 있었으며 또한 빠른 시일내에 적응하여 좌, 우측 하악골은 유사한 성장변화를 일으킴을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 과두연골체적변화는 실험군 좌, 우측및 정상군에서 전 실험 기간동안에 유사한 양상이 관찰됨을 미루어 보아 전체적인 과두연골의 성장은 억제되지 않았음을 알 수 있었고 과두연골의 성장은 다방면으로 일어남을 인지할 수 있었다. This investigation examined the effect of lateral shift of mandible from functional occlusal interference on the growth of mandible and the growth pattern of mandible shown after the removal of occlusal interference. The followings were performed with the results below: the changes in mandible and condylar cartilage were studied in the experimental group with upper right, lower left incisors cut for 2 and 4 weeks an 4-week-old rats and the experimental group which had cut for 4 weeks and suspended for 2 weeks. 1. In the 2-week experimental group, the left mandibular length, condylar length, mandibular height and condylar area seemed smaller than those on the right and the normal group; the right mandibular length and condylar area were smaller than the normal group. 2. In the 4-week experimental group, left condylar area was smaller than the right, but due to the quick changes in adaptability of left mandible, right and left mandibular lengths were similar. compared with the normal group, however, mandibular length and condylar area still remained small. 3. In the 6-week experimental group, the left and the right appeared similar with the mandibular length remaining still shorter than the normal group. 4. In the sagittal plane, the proliferation of the cartilage layers of the left condylar cartilage of the 2-week group appeared to have general repression compared with the right and the normal group. The right side also showed repressed growth compared with the normal group. In the 4 and 6-week groups, however, it was similar to the normal group. 5. In condylar cartilage volume, no significant difference was noted in the comparisions of left and right of the experimental group, nor in the comparison of the same sides of experimental and normal groups. Based on the above, in case of contralateral incisal cutting in rats, it was observed that the growth of mandible and condyle of the cutting side was repressed; at the same time, the quick adaptabilityh led to similar changes of growth in left and right mandibles. But judging from the similar phenomena throughout the whole experimental period in the changes of condylar cartilage volume in the experimental, right and left, and normal groups, the general overall growth of condylar cartilage was found umrepressed. It was also recognized that the growth of condylar cartilage can take in various derections.

성장기 백서에 있어서 기능적 측방편위가 하악골의 성장에 미치는 영향

박관식 경북대학교치과대학 1995 慶北齒大論文集 Vol.12 No.2

보건소 내소자의 보건의료서비스 이용 실태 및 만족도에 관한 연구 : 경북 일부지역을 중심으로

황관식,남철현,최상복 慶山大學校 保健福祉硏究所 2000 保健福祉硏究 Vol.5 No.-

This study was conducted to examine aspects of health service availability and the satisfaction level of clients of public health centers. 351 clients who visited health centers located in Kyungsan, Chongdo, Youngchon, Kyungju, and Pohang were selected as subjects of this study. Data were collected from March 2, 2000 to April 15, 2000. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. 89.5% of them had experience in utilizing health services in public health centers. The rate of availing themselves of public health centers by their own decisions was highest (49.4%). 39.8% of them replied that it took below thirty minutes to visit public health centers. 42.2% of them visited public health centers to be vaccinated. 38.0% of them wanted Oriental medicine to be introduced in public health centers. 30.7% of them thought that doctors need go and see patients at their houses and 31.6% of them was satisfied with present office hours. 39.2% of them was not satisfied with the health services because public health centers were ill equipped. 65.1% of them received medical care in public health centers due to low medical charge and 91.0% of them replied that they would visit again public health centers. 35.5% of them thought that medical equipments must be increased to improve health services of public health centers. Each of the above rates were highest in each variables. 2. According to the satisfaction level with health services of public health centers, 35.2% of them was satisfied, while 9.0% of them was not satisfied. 5.7% of them was very satisfied, while 3.0% of them was not satisfied at all. 47.0% of them was satisfied only to a usual extent. 3. The variables, which significantly influenced the satisfaction level with availability of public health centers, were 'reliance on the medical staff (b=0.1749)', 'sufficiency of nurse's explanation (b=0.2093)', 'medical technician's kindness (b=0.1557)', 'simplicity of medical care procedure (b=0.2036)', 'level of medical charge (b=0.1393)', and 'satisfaction with effect of treatment (b=0.1690)'. 4. The variables, which displayed significant correlation with the satisfaction level with availability of public health centers, were 'necessity of doctor's visit to patients' houses (r=0.229)', 'reliance on the medical staff (r=0.488)', 'sufficiency of doctor's explanation (r=0.495)', 'nurse's kindness (r=0.441)', 'sufficiency of nurse's explanation (r=0.458)', 'medical technician's kindness (r=0.326)', 'the staff's kindness in civil service office (r=0.352)', 'simplicity of medical care procedure (b=0.338)', 'environment of waiting room (r=0.283)', 'convenience of availability of subsidiary facilities (r=0.275)', 'level of medical charge (r=0.335)', 'location of public health center (r=0.173)', 'medical facitities and equipment (r=0.217)', 'treatment methods (r=0.294)', and 'treatment effect (r=0.359)'. It appeared that the community residents were somewhat unsatisfied with public health centers because of problems of equipment, treatment sphere, treatment procedure, and medical personnel. Therefore. The government must focus on increase and modernization of medical equipments, the establishment of oriental medicine, and increase of medical personnel. It is important for public health centers to provide community residents with better health services in order to meet their health needs.

소프트웨어 프로세스 評價를 위한 規則 베이스 表現技法

羅官植 西原大學校 經營科學硏究所 1999 經營硏究 Vol.8 No.1

제3회, 제4회 한국어 능력시험 어휘 평가 연구

이관식 경희대학교 인문학연구소 2000 인문학연구 Vol.4 No.-

Of the many areas that are evaluated in the Koran Proficiency Test the study here focuses on the vocabulary area of the 3rd Korean Proficiency Test that was carried out last year and this year's 4th Korean Proficiency Test. This study analyzes mainly the areas related to vocabulary in the higher levels(5th and 6th class) of expression area and raises several points at issue that appeared during the evaluation and counterplans that correspond to them. It has also been suggested that the vocabulary area of the Korean Proficiency Test be evaluated independently. The reason why the vocabulary area has been selected as the subject of study is because it is closely related to many of the other areas including grammar. Another reason is because not only is vocabulary a valid and basic way of evaluating one's communication skills but it is also efficient in serving as a standard when trying to understand a learner's overall language competence even by itself. The Korean Proficiency test having been first carried out in 1997 and a total of 4 times uptill today is now considered to be an authorized examination of evaluating Korean language competence. However, in order for this test to be carried out more efficiently there are improvements that need to be made. The study here therefor has selected the vocabulary area alone(among the higher level curriculum of the expression area) as the subject of study. A number of counterplans will be presented after the issues of whether or whether not the criteria of evaluating vocabulary had been provided as it should have, if there was a wide variety of problems, and whether the selection of vocabulary was appropriate were looked over. The problem types were not leveled out and the vocabulary selected did not correspond with the problem. This was where improvements needed to be made in the vocabulary area and the counterplans that were presented are as followed. First, the types of vocabulary evaluation questions must be unified so that they are appropriate for each level. Second, the difficulty of each level must be taken under consideration. Third, either the vocabulary evaluation be made independent or else it should be made a part of both the "comprehension" and the "expression" area. Fourth, a certain standard must be made for each level of the test's degree of difficulty and reliance. Fifth, the type of questions and intention need to suit the communication skills level of the learner. When vocabulary and it's characteristics are thought to be the basis of communication, The Korean Proficiency Test's vocabulary area is of great importance therefor the same amount of research and interest must be called to attention.