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Public–Private Partnerships in Relation to Public Contracts and Procurement: Japan’s Current Issues
Shigeki Kusunoki 한국법제연구원 2021 KLRI journal of law and legislation Vol.11 No.1
In 1999, the Act on Promotion of Private Finance Initiative (PFI Act) was enacted, and since then, the term “PFI” has been widely used in Japan as an alternative to the term “public–private partnership (PPP)” used by organizations such as the World Bank and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. However, recent international and domestic progress and environmentally related changes in the fields of public procurement and contracts have revealed the need to respond more fully from a PPP perspective in relation to significant current issues including the Sustainable Development Goals, emergent construction works related to natural disasters, protection of cultural or historical heritage sites, and public procurement in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This article presents legal and practical information regarding recent developments in Japan and discusses current and future challenges in relation to various legal schemes and practices under the theme “Public–Private Partnerships in Public Contracts and Procurement” beyond the traditional framework. Thus, this article will be useful for readers wanting to deepen their understanding of Japan’s efforts in these areas, and for those interested in international comparisons. In 1999, the Act on Promotion of Private Finance Initiative (PFI Act) was enacted, and since then, the term “PFI” has been widely used in Japan as an alternative to the term “public–private partnership (PPP)” used by organizations such as the World Bank and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. However, recent international and domestic progress and environmentally related changes in the fields of public procurement and contracts have revealed the need to respond more fully from a PPP perspective in relation to significant current issues including the Sustainable Development Goals, emergent construction works related to natural disasters, protection of cultural or historical heritage sites, and public procurement in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This article presents legal and practical information regarding recent developments in Japan and discusses current and future challenges in relation to various legal schemes and practices under the theme “Public–Private Partnerships in Public Contracts and Procurement” beyond the traditional framework. Thus, this article will be useful for readers wanting to deepen their understanding of Japan’s efforts in these areas, and for those interested in international comparisons.
Masataka Kusunoki,Daisuke Sato,Kazuhiko Tsutsumi,Hideyo Tsutsui,Takao Nakamura,Yoshiharu Oshida 한국식품영양과학회 2015 Journal of medicinal food Vol.18 No.6
Black soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) are known to be rich in polyphenols, including anthocyanins, and they have been consumed since ancient times for their beneficial effects on health. In addition, it has been reported that black soybean (BS) seed coat may ameliorate obesity and insulin resistance. In the present study, we administered BS extract to type 2 diabetics for 2 months to investigate the effects of BS on glycemic control and lipid metabolism parameters. In addition, we administered BS and antihyperlipidemic agent, fenofibrate, to patients with type 2 diabetes complicated by postprandial hyperlipidemia for 2 months and assessed the combined effects of fenofibrate and BS on serum lipid profile. The results showed that administration of the BS alone had no effect on the blood glucose or lipid levels, but that administration of fenofibrate alone and fenofibrate in combination with the BS significantly lowered their serum triglyceride (TG) level at fasting state, and the percent decrease in the serum TG level after combined administration was significantly higher than in the subjects who received fenofibrate alone. Furthermore, the serum LDL cholesterol concentration, which did not decrease when fenofibrate was administered alone, decreased significantly when the BS and fenofibrate were administered in combination. These results suggest that combined administration of the BS with fenofibrate enhanced the antihyperlipidemic action of fenofibrate, and the results of this study demonstrated the usefulness of the BS in clinical practice.
Mogi, Toru,Kusunoki, Ken'ichirou,Kaieda, Hideshi,Ito, Hisatoshi,Jomori, Akira,Jomori, Nobuhide,Yuuki, Youichi Korean Society of Earth and Exploration Geophysici 2009 지구물리와 물리탐사 Vol.12 No.1
항공전자탐사기법은 대규모의 접근이 불가능한 지역에 대한 탐사가 가능하여 화산구조를 조사하는데 유용한 탐사기법이나, 낮은 정밀도와 제한된 가탐심도의 단점을 가지고 있다. 접지된 전기송신원을 이용한 시간영역 항공 전자탐사 (GREATEM) 시스템은 항공 시간영역 전자탐사에서 가용한 탐사심도를 높이기 위한 목적으로 개발되었으며, 일본 북동부의 반다이 산 조사에 시험 적용하였다 반다이 산은 해발 1819 m의 안산암 층운화산이다. 1888년 7월에 일어난 화산분출은 북쪽 분화구에 발굽모양의 붕피 암벽과 기반부에 붕락 쇄설암을 남겼다. 이전의 연구 결과들은 반다이 산에서 실시된 GREATEM과 다른 지구물리 기법을 통해 밝혀진 반다이 산의 구조와 붕괴 메커니즘에 대한 자료의 비교분석을 가능하게 하였다. 최근의 화구구에서는 비저항 구조가, 붕괴된 분화구 지역에서는 전도성 구조가 발견되었다. 붕괴벽 주위의 전도성 구조는 열수의 작용으로 인한 변진대와 일치하고 있으며. 이러한 견과는 1888년 발생한 분출과 관련된 붕괴의 주된 원인이 화산체 내부를 구조적으로 약화시킨 열수변질작용과 관련 있다는 주장을 뒷받침하고 있다
Sintering Properties of High-pressure Water Atomized SUS 316L Ultra Fine Powder
Toyoshima Hisataka,Kusunoki Minoru,Otsuka Isamu 한국분말야금학회 2006 한국분말야금학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.1
The MIM industry is currently focusing on parts that are used in automobiles and medical instruments. Many of the parts in these categories are very small and often not easy to machine because of its complex geometry. Therefore MIM is well suited for the production of these parts. We tested the sinterability of SUS316L ultra fine powders (3,4, 6, 8micron) produced by ATMIX high-pressure water-atomization, and it showed excellent results. A density of 97% theoretical was obtained by sintering at 1373K when using the ultra fine powder (3micron). Specifically, the finer the powder size, higher was the sintered density. The surface roughness and accuracy are also greatly improved with ATMIX ultra fine powder.