家兎에서 局所貧血이 筋肉變化에 미치는 影響에 關한 實驗的 硏究

金昌洙,李弘鍵 고려대학교 의과대학 1982 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.19 No.1

Early detection of muscular changes in ischemia should be the utmost important and urgent problem in management and recovery of the muscles before irreversible picture developes. In the relevant literatures, many authors have studied upon histological changes of muscles. in ischemia employing various staining methods, such as hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), van Gieson etc., and reported that the earliest possible time fot detection of morphological changer in muscles were 3 to 4 hours after ischemia took place. Other methods, such as measurement of pressure in the muscular tissue with wick catheter, never conduction time, electromyography, tissue fluid analysis, enzyme study of serum, lactic acid study, ^(99m)Tc stannous pyrophosphate, electronmicroscopic study did not provide valuable early detection of muscular changes in ischemia. The author has undertaken an experimental study upon morphological changes of the muscles, after ischsmia were produced artificially with ligation of vessels and using tourniquet, and tried to detect early changes in the ischemic muscle by histochemical staining method developed by Lie et al., hematoxylin basic fuchsinpicric acid (HBFP) staining method. Twenty rabbits, weighing 2,000-2,500gm were divided into two groups. In group 1, tourniquet was applied on the proximal thigh, and in group 2, the unilateral common iliac artery and vein were ligated. In each group, muscle biopsies were carried out of the belly of the anterior tibial muscles in 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 fours, 3 hours, 6 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours, respectively, while the applied tourniquet or ligation was released 6hours after application. The biopsied samples were fixed in formalin and stained with H&E and HBFP stain for microscopic evaluation of muscle changes. The results are as follows: 1. In group 1, the earliest evidence of muscular degeneration were detected by HBFP staining-method as early as 30 minutes after application of tourniquet, whereas it was required at least 3 hours to detect such change by H&E staining method. 2. In group 2, the earliest evidence of muscular degeneration were detected by HBFP staining method as early as 10 minutes after ligation of the vessels, whereas it was required atleast 2 hour to detect such change by H&E staining method. 3. In group 2, the minimal elapse of the time to detect muscular necrosis after ligation of the vessel was 2 hours by HBFP staining method whereas it took 24 hours by H&E staining method. 4. The above findings suggest that the HBFP staining is the most practical method to detect not omly early degenerative change of muscle but the evaluation of the extent of the changes due to ischemia.

적응적인 웹 사이트 설계를 위한 퍼지인식도 시뮬레이션에 관한 연구

이건창(Kun Chang Lee),정남호(Nam Ho Chung) 한국경영학회 2001 經營學硏究 Vol.30 No.2

As the main stream of electronic commerce changes from B2C to B2B, the importance of a strategic web site design is being recognized more than ever. In this sense, this study proposes a new approach to an adaptive design of the web site by using the stratified fuzzy cognitive map (FCM). Its main virtue lies in capability of changing specific components on the web site with its subsequent effects upon other components being objectively considered. By doing so, we can maintain total effectiveness of the website design. This advantage of the proposed approach can be compared with the traditional approach where the web site design has been changed without paying a due attention to the related components. We gathered 134 questionnaire responses. By analysing the questionnaire results, the causal weights of the FCM were computed objectively. Then the FCM was transformed into a stratified FCM by using Lee & Cho (1998)`s approach. On the basis of the stratified FCM and four scenarios, we performed web site design simulation. The simulation results showed that the proposed approach could be used effectively for analyzing the web site design in an adaptive manner when the market situation is changing.

群長浩灣物流情報化의 CALS適用戰略方案에 관한 研究

구근완(KU, Kun-Wan),김창균(KIM, Chang-Gyun) 한국물류학회 1998 물류학회지 Vol.8 No.-

This study aims at suggesting strategic devices in order to introduce and apply CALS which is called as the fifth wave of recent global economy as a method of improving international competitive power of KUN-JANG port logistics. And this study aims at assisting KUN-JANG port authorities to establish strategies to guarantee competitiveness of international logistics by analyzing synthetically the problems disclosed through the data analysis on management and utilization of the international port logistics, grasping exactly the problems faced in the field of international port logistics and suggesting the alternatives to these problems, on the basis of the actual arrangement on international port logistics and CALS. In this study, I have suggested a basic theories in introducing and applying CAL Sindispensible for a positive development of international port logistics' competitiveness by the KUN-JANG port authorities, and I assure that the exporting firms can get a full effect in strengthening international competitiveness of port logistics in worldwide economy war by effectively utilizing the application method suggested in this study as well as by erecting its basic direction. It will be very significant for KUN-JANG port to introduce and utilize CALS as a method for innovation and rationalization of port logistics management as well as a method for strengthening international competitiveness of KUN-JANG port logistics. This study will serve the study of this field, for the purpose of this study is on analyzing its propriety in introducing and utilizing CALS. It will guarantee the importance that this study helps the domestic port authorities to upgrade understanding on introduction and utilization of CALS for strengthening their port logistics competitiveness, and this study serves to improve international port competitiveness in an era of information and globalization.

在日韓國人의 生活文化의 異質化와 適應過程에 關한 保健學的 硏究

金正根(Jong-Kun Kim),張昌谷(Chang-Gok Chang),林達旿(Dar-Oh Lim),金武采(Mu-Chae Kim),李州烈(Ju-Yul Lee) 한국인구학회 1992 한국인구학 Vol.15 No.2

After world war Ⅱ Japanese life expectancy has been improved remarkably, and reached the highest level in the world around late 1970's. The life expectancy of Korean has also shown tremendous improvement in recent years with about 20 year's gap from the Japanese. The reason of rapid improvement of life expectancy can be explained by changes in the structure of cause of death due to health system, living standard, social welfare, health behavior of individuals and so on. Korean in Japan is placed under different situations from both Korean in Korea and Japanese in these regards, and expected to show different picture of cause of death pattern. The objective of this study is the comparision of changing patterns of cause of death of three population groups, Korean in Japan, Korean in Korea and Japanese, and to investigate the reasons which effect to the structural difference of mortality cause with special emphasis on health ecological aspects. One of the major limitations of the Korean causes of death statistics is the under-registration which ranges about 10% of the total events, and inaccuracy of the exact cause of death. Some 20% of registered deaths were unable to classify by ICD. However, it is concluded that the Korean data are evaluated as sufficient to stand for over-viewing of trends of cause of death pattern. The evaluation is done by comparing data from registration and field survey over the same population sample. Population data of Korean in Japan differ between two sources of data; census and foreigner's registration. Correction is done by life table method under the assumption that age-specific mortality pattern would accord with that of the Japanese. The crude death rate was lowest among Korean in Japan, 5.7 deaths per 1,000 population in 1965. The crude death rates of Korean in Japan and Japanese are increasing recently influenced by age structure while Korean in Korea still shows decreasing tendency. The adjusted death rate is lowest among Japnaese, followed by Korean in Japan, and Korean in Korea. The leading causes of death of Korean in Korea until 1960's was infectious diseases including pneumonia and tuberculosis. The causes of death structure changed gradually to accidents, neoplasm, hypertensive disease, cerebro-vascular disease in order. The main difference in cause of death between Korean and Japanese is high rate of liver diseases and diabetes for both Korean in Japan and Korea. A special feature of cause of death among Korean in Korea is remakably high rate of hypertensive disease, which is assumed to be caused by physicians tendency in choosing diagnostic categories. The low ischemic heart disease and high vasculo-cerebral disease are the distinctive characteristic of the three population groups compared to western countries. Specific causes of death were selected for detailed sex, age and ethnic group comparisons based on their high death rates. Cancer is the cause of death which showed most drama tical increase in all three population groups. In Korea 20.1% of all death were caused by cancer in 1990 compared with 10.5% in 1981. Cancer of the liver is the leading cause of cancer death among Korean in Japan for both sexes, followed by cancer of the lung and cancer of the stomach, while that of Korean in Korea is cancer of the stomach, followed by cancer of the liver and cancer of the lung for male. Causes of infant mortality were examined among the three population groups since 1980 on yearly bases. For both Japanese and Korean in Japan, leading cause of death ranks as conditions originating in the perinatal period, congenital anomalies, accidents and other violent causes. Trends since 1980 for these two population groups in the leading cause of infant mortality showed no changes. On the contrary, significant changes in leading cause of death structure in Korea were observed : The ranking of leading cause of death in 1981 were congenital asnomali

Evaluation of a Dual-Cooled Annular Fuel Heat Split and Temperature Distribution

YANG, Yong Sik,SHIN, Chang Hwan,CHUN, Tae Hyun,SONG, Kun Woo Atomic Energy Society of Japan 2009 Journal of nuclear science and technology Vol.46 No.8

<P>The heat flux and fuel temperature of an annular fuel rod was analyzed using a newly developed program, DUO_THERM. The dual-cooled annular fuel rod has both inner and outer coolant channels. The heat fluxes to inner and outer claddings can change during irradiation because of the variation in the gap conductances of the inner and outer sides. The heat flux is a very important design factor affecting fuel integrity and safety. However, in an annular fuel design, the prediction of heat flux is very complicated because it is closely connected with size changes of two gaps, which are different from each other during irradiation. A burnup increase and power change can cause pellet and cladding radial deformation and eventually change the gap width. Because an annular fuel has two gaps at both sides and their heat resistances are very large, an imbalance of the gap width can lead to heat flux asymmetry. Therefore, a pellet and cladding dimensional change including densification, swelling, creep, and thermal expansion must be considered in the calculation of heat flux and temperature. By using the DUO_THERM program, the changes in heat flux and temperature during an operation were evaluated with respect to a reference design of an annular fuel. The results of the evaluation showed that the heat flux of an annular fuel was greatly affected by the inner and outer gap conductance changes. The heat flux of the inner cladding was maximum at zero burnup, but that of the outer cladding was maximum at the burnup of the outer gap closing. In addition, the maximum fuel temperature location was changed by gap conductance asymmetry.</P>

저산소환경에 있는 흰쥐의 혈액량 및 조직수분량의 변동

장병건 공군본부 의무감실 1963 항공의학 Vol.11 No.1

산도가 장관의 운동성에 미치는 영향

장석종,박해근,김광진,임현재 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1982 충남의대잡지 Vol.9 No.2

The effects of hydrogen ion concentration changes on the motility as well as patterns of motility to autonomic drugs was investigated in the isolated duodenum and ileum of rabbits. Motility was recorded on a Physiograph with force transducer by means of Magnus method in sodium lactate Ringer's solution at 37℃ The pH of the Ringer's solution used were nornal (pH 7.4), acidic (7.4-5.5), and alkaline(7.4-9.5), titrated by 0.01 N BCI or 0.01 N NaOH solution respectively. Acetylcholine and norepinephrine as autonomic drugs was treated at normal, acidic, and alkaline Ringer's solution. Obtained results may be summarized as follows. 1. Increased hydrogen ion concentration (or decreased pH) inhibited tie motility of duodenum and ileum and that was proportional to increment of hydrogen ion concentration. 2. Decreased hydrogen ion concentration(or increased pH) enhanced the motility of duodenum and ileum and that at was proportional to decrement of h drocen ion concentration. 3. Effect of acetvlcholine on the patterns of motility in duodenum and ileum was not altered by hydrogen ion concentration changes. 4. Effect of norepinephrine on the patterns of motility in duodenum and ileum was not altered by hydrogen ion concentration changes.

APPLICATION OF TRAVELING SALESMAN PROBLEM(TSP) FOR DECISION OF OPTIMAL PRODUCTION SEQUENCE

Chang, Kun Soo,Yeo, Yeong Koo,Chang, Jin Yang,Kim, Kil Su,Jeong, Eun Young,Oh, Sea Cheon 한국화학공학회 1997 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.14 No.5

In the present study a reliable and structural decision system for production sequence of polymeric products is developed. Minimization of the amount of off-specs are the main objective in the decision of production sequence to maximize profit. Off-specs are generated when the production sequence of polymeric products is changed. The amount of off-specs depends on changes of product grades. In the present study we applied the traveling salesman problem (TSP) to achieve optimal decision of production sequence. To solve the optimal decision problem formulated by TSP, we employed three different approaches such as Branch and Bound (B&B) method. Dynamic Programming (DP) method and Hopfield Neural Network (HNN) method. Production sequences computed based on the actual plant off-spec data were compared with the sequences employed in the actual plant operation. From the comparison the decision method proposed in the present study showed increased profits and reduced off-specs.

韓國의 勞使協議制에 關한 硏究 : 特히 運營 實態와 改善方案을 中心으로 With Special Attention To Actual Conditions Affecting Labor-Management Relations

李昌建 충남대학교 경영대학원 1974 經營學論文集 Vol.1 No.-

A. AIM AND IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY. Although the Labor Movement in our country is quite young, the rights and interests of the laboring man have improved and advanced since liberation. Today the nature of the labor problem has changed. In the past labor union activities were in the nature of conflict and strikes against management. Management was considered to be Labor's opposition, but today a method must be found to solve the problem of Labor-Management cooperation. Having moved from a position of subordination to one of confrontation, it is now necessary for Labor to move on to a position of cooperation. A relationship of cooperation would achieve the investment of capital in the form of labor and a corresponding equitable distribution of profits. By this means not only would industrial peace be maintained, but industry would be advanced, the welfare of laboring men would be improved and the financial aspect of the nation would look even more promising. However, the actual conditions in our country are such that, with the exception of a few large enterprises, most Labor-Management relations are behind the times. To complete the task of increasing production, financial growth and the cultivation of national strength, the improvement of structures of Labor-Management cooperation is important. The basic aim of this study is to try to deal with the values related to Labor-Management relations structures; to investigate common operation practices; to analyze the actual operation of existing Labor-Management cooperation structures; and to seek methods of improvement in order to stimulate the advancement of democray in developed countries. B. METHOD OF STUDY The method of this study includes an investigation of the historical development of Labor-Management cooperation; the results of comparative analysis of the development of Labor-Management cooperation in other countries; and aforecast of future industrial structures in order to seek an appropriate structure for the advadncement of Labor-Management cooperation in Korea. In seeking to understand the actual circumstances of Labor-Management relation, materials based on sociological questionnaire methods were included, as was an attempt at analysis of operating procedures. Also, the reports of the following organizations were examined; The Korean Federation of Labor, the Bureau of Production, the Bureau of Labor, the Research Bureau and others. In addition, data was gathered by interviews designed to elicit the opinions of those actually engaged in Labor-Management cooperative efforts. C. SCOPE OF THE STUDY 1. The scope includes a study of the value of existing structures of Labor-Management cooperation, a general survey of Labor-Management cooperation, and the nature and functions of Labor-Management cooperation. 2. Through a comparison with the Labor-Management cooperation structures of other countries, means of advancement of Labor-Management cooperation in our country is sought. 3. A theoretical foundation for the actual problems of Labor-Management cooperation in our country is sought. 4. A synthesis of the total content of Labor-Management relations, prospects for Labor-Management relations, the maintenance of industrial peace, and the need for Labor-Management cooperation for the purpose of increasing production was covered in this study. D. CONCLUSIONS A plan for the development of Labor-Management cooperation is presented in the study: 1. The most important task in the field of Labor-Management relations is the need for a change of attitude. Management must give up its attitude of self-importance, and Labor must re-examine its own position. 2. Labor needs to change its direction and work for a new and definite plan for the equal distribution of the fruits of labor. 3. Labor-Management cooperative relationships must be relationships of mutual confidence. 4. It is important to consider the entire social setting, for Labor-Management relations have an effect on society as a whole. 5. Through careful study and a full understanding of the nature and content of Labor-Management cooperative systems, labor and Management can expect to arrive at a healthy application of cooperative practices. a. The name of the cooperative structure must not be neglected. Ordinarily, the name of an organization defines its character. b. It is important to understand the nature of cooperative systems. 3. It is necessary to know the function of Labor-Management cooperative organizations. d. The number of representatives from Labor must be the same as the number of Management representatives. 6. Any remains of an attitude of inferiority which would cause us to hesitate must be purged from society. Rather, adopting a pioneering spirit, we must encourage the further development of Labor-Management cooperative structures. 7. The role of government in Labor-Management relations is highly important. There is a need for independent Labor Laws. Present Laws should be supplemented in order to establish a new system of Labor Laws.

흉부 X선촬영 기술의 변천에 관한 연구

이창엽,조평곤,김지닐,최소영,김창균,최종학,김정민,김유현 高麗大學校 倂設 保健大學 保健科學硏究所 2002 保健科學論集 Vol.28 No.2

To find elements which enable improving Quality of image of chest radiography, we attempted to make comparison between chest radiography used currently with that of the past, and following conclusion was reached: 1) It could be confirmed that a dependance on chest radiography was declining, because proportion of chest radiography against overall radiography decreased. 2) There was a change of kVp to a high voltage in a chest radiography, and use of high kVp became a generalization 3) Exposure time was reduced and exposure dose was curtailed accordingly. 4) Apparatus was mainly comprised of 3-phase rectifier circuit and inverter type. 5) It could be confirmed that frequency of applying additional filters for high kVp radiography was insufficient. 6) There was almost no difference in the condition of exposure between hospitals using film/screen and hospitals using CR. But when CR is used for radiography, it was increase in exposure dose due to increase in tube current and it will be necessary to have continuous study on exposure dose by an increase use of CR in the future.