The design concepts of Kudo Total Elbow Prosthesis, and some of the technical considerations for its use

Hiroshi Kudo 대한견주관절의학회 2002 대한견주관절학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2002 No.5

SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENT IN ORDER RESTRICTED INFERENCE

Akido Kudo,Choi,Jae-Rong 東亞大學校附設基礎科學硏究所 1984 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.1 No.1

Bartholomew(1956)가 提案한 片側 檢定은 Kudo(1963)에 의해서 多次元正規分布의 경우로 擴張되었다. 그 以後 Barlow(1972) 等이 Isotonic Regression 定理와 應用이라는 副題가 주어진 著書를 통하여 많은 成果를 쌓았다. 더나아가서 Choi(1975)는 이 問題를 特異多次元分布에로 擴張하였고 實際 應用할 수 있는 方法 等을 硏究하였다. 現在까지, 주로 九州大學 數學科 統計敎室의 Nomaguchi, Sasabuchi등에 의하여 많은 硏究가 進行되고 있다. 이 Review는 韓日 統計學 심포지움에 紹介된 內容을 좀더 상세하게 報告한 것이다.

Liver Cancer Working Group Report

Kudo, M.,Han, K. H.,Kokudo, N.,Cheng, A.-L.,Choi, B. I.,Furuse, J.,Izumi, N.,Park, J.-W.,Poon, R. T.,Sakamoto, M. Oxford University Press 2010 Japanese journal of clinical oncology Vol.40 No.suppl1

<P>Hepatocellular carcinoma is a highly prevalent disease in many Asian countries, accounting for 75-80% of victims worldwide. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma varies enormously across Asia, but tends to follow the incidences of hepatitis B infection and liver cirrhosis. The incidence and etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan are different from the rest of Asia, but similar to that in Western countries because hepatitis C infection is the main etiological factor in Japan. Hepatitis B virus vaccination programs are showing great success in reducing hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Screening program improves detection of early hepatocellular carcinoma and has some positive impact on survival, but the majority of hepatocellular carcinoma patients in Asia still present with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Long-term outcomes following treatment of even early/intermediate or advanced disease are often unsatisfactory because of a lack of effective adjuvant and systemic therapies. Various clinical practice guidelines for hepatocellular carcinoma have been established and are in use. Clinical diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma by imaging diagnosis is replacing diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma by pathological confirmation. New imaging and treatment techniques are continuously being developed and guidelines should be updated every 3 or 4 years, incorporating new evidence. New molecularly targeted therapies hold great promise. Sorafenib is the first systemic therapy to demonstrate prolonged survival vs. the placebo in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Various other new molecularly targeted agents are currently under investigation.</P>

EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL TREATMENTS OF BARLEY STRAW ON LEACHING, AND DIGESTIBILITY BY RUMEN FLUID AND CELLULOLYTIC BACTERIA

Kudo, H.,Cheng, K.J.,Rode, L.M.,Abdullah, N.,Ho, Y.W.,Hussain, H.Y.,Jalaludin, S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1994 Animal Bioscience Vol.7 No.3

Effects of chemical treatments on in sacco and in vitro digestibility of barley straw by rumen fluid and pure cultures of cellulolytic bacteria were studied to evaluate the pretreatment and to improve the poor quality feed. Chemicals were applied by dissolving them in water equivalent to 40% of the weight of the straw (dry matter basis). Pretreatment with 5% NaOH yielded the largest increase in sacco digestion followed by pretreatment with 2% $(NH_4)_2SO_3$, 2.6% $NH_4OH$, 1.6% $NaHSO_3$ and untreated straw (control). In sacco dry matter digestibility of straw treated with NaOH and $(NH_4)_2SO_3$ continued to increase as the concentration of chemical increased (1 to 7.5%), as it was the in vitro dry matter loss by leaching. Treatment of barley straw with 5% NaOH enhanced significantly (p < 0.01) in vitro digestibility by rumen fluid, Fibrobacter suceinogenes and Ruminococcus albus though the fermentation products by cellulolytic bacteria were low, whereas the treatment with 5% $(NH_4)_2SO_3$ inhibited in vitro digestibility by F. succinogenes and R. albus together with lower fermentation products. Dry matter loss by leaching and bacterial digestion from barley straw treated with NaOH and $(NH_4)_2SO_3$ suggested the effect of pretreatment with these chemicals were based on leaching, and the cellulolytic bacteria had little to do with digestion.

A Channel State Information Feedback Method for Massive MIMO-OFDM

Kudo, Riichi,Armour, Simon M.D.,McGeehan, Joe P.,Mizoguchi, Masato The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2013 Journal of communications and networks Vol.15 No.4

Combining multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) with a massive number of transmit antennas (massive MIMO-OFDM) is an attractive way of increasing the spectrum efficiency or reducing the transmission energy per bit. The effectiveness of Massive MIMO-OFDM is strongly affected by the channel state information (CSI) estimation method used. The overheads of training frame transmission and CSI feedback decrease multiple access channel (MAC) efficiency and increase the CSI estimation cost at a user station (STA). This paper proposes a CSI estimation scheme that reduces the training frame length by using a novel pilot design and a novel unitary matrix feedback method. The proposed pilot design and unitary matrix feedback enable the access point (AP) to estimate the CSI of the signal space of all transmit antennas using a small number of training frames. Simulations in an IEEE 802.11n channel verify the attractive transmission performance of the proposed methods.

Catalytic synthesis of few-layer graphene on titania nanowires

Kudo, Akira,Jung, Sung Mi,Strano, Michael S.,Kong, Jing,Wardle, Brian L. Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Nanoscale Vol.10 No.3

<P>Growth mechanisms of graphitic nanostructures on metal oxides by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are observed at 750 °C, using titania nanowire aerogel (NWAG) as a three-dimensional substrate and without metal catalysts. We temporally observed catalytic transformation of amorphous carbon into few-layer graphene on the surface of 5-10 nm diameter titania nanowires. The graphitization spontaneously terminates when the titania nanowires are encapsulated by a shell of approximately three graphene layers. Extended CVD time beyond the termination point (>1125 seconds) yields only additional amorphous carbon deposits on top of the few-layer graphene. Furthermore, it was discovered that the islands of amorphous carbon do not graphitize unless they catalytically grow beyond a threshold size of 5-7 nm along the nanowire length, even after an extended thermal treatment. The electrical conductivity of the NWAG increased by four orders of magnitude, indicating that the graphene shell mediated by titania nanowires yielded a network of graphene throughout the three-dimensional nanostructure of the aerogel. Our results help us understand the growth mechanisms of few-layer graphene on nanostructured metal oxides, and inspire facile and controllable processing of metal oxide-nanocarbon fiber-shell composites.</P>

Regional Differences in Efficacy, Safety, and Biomarkers for Second-Line Axitinib in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From a Randomized Phase II Study

Kudo, Masatoshi,Kang, Yoon-Koo,Park, Joong-Won,Qin, Shukui,Inaba, Yoshitaka,Assenat, Eric,Umeyama, Yoshiko,Lechuga, Maria José,Valota, Olga,Fujii, Yosuke,Martini, Jean-Francois,Williams, J. Andr S. Karger AG 2018 Liver cancer Vol.7 No.2

<P><B><I>Background:</I></B> An unmet need exists for treatment of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who progress on or are intolerant to sorafenib. A global randomized phase II trial (ClinicalTrial.gov No. NCT01210495) of axitinib, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1-3 inhibitor, in combination with best supportive care (BSC) did not prolong overall survival (OS) over placebo/BSC, but showed improved progression-free survival in some patients. Subgroup analyses were conducted to identify potential predictive/prognostic factors. <B><I>Methods:</I></B> The data from this phase II study were analyzed for the efficacy and safety of axitinib/BSC in patients from Asia versus non-Asia versus Asian subgroups (Japan, Korea, or mainland China/Hong Kong/Taiwan) and predictive/prognostic values of baseline microRNAs and serum soluble proteins, using the Cox proportional hazards model. <B><I>Results:</I></B> Of 202 patients, 78 were from non-Asia and 124 from Asia (37 Japanese, 36 Korean, and 51 Chinese). No significant differences in OS were found between axitinib/BSC and placebo/BSC in non-Asians, Asians, or Asian subgroups. However, in an exploratory analysis, axitinib/BSC showed favorable OS in Asians, especially Japanese, when patients intolerant to prior antiangiogenic therapy were excluded from the data set. Axitinib/BSC was well tolerated by non-Asians and Asians alike. The presence of 4 circulating microRNAs, including miR-5684 and miR-1224-5p, or a level lower than or equal to the median protein level of stromal cell-derived factor 1 at baseline was significantly associated with longer OS in axitinib/BSC-treated Asians or non-Asians. <B><I>Conclusions:</I></B> Axitinib/BSC did not prolong survival over placebo/BSC in non-Asians, Asians, or Asian subgroups, but favorable OS with axitinib/BSC was observed in a subset of Japanese patients. A patient population that excludes sorafenib-intolerant patients might potentially be more suitable for clinical trials of new agents in advanced HCC. Since these results are very preliminary, further investigation is warranted. The potential predictive/prognostic value of several baseline microRNAs and soluble proteins identified in this study would require validation in prospective studies on a large cohort of patients.</P>

INVARIANT RINGS AND REPRESENTATIONS OF SYMMETRIC GROUPS

Kudo, Shotaro Korean Mathematical Society 2013 대한수학회보 Vol.50 No.4

The center of the Lie group $SU(n)$ is isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}_n$. If $d$ divides $n$, the quotient $SU(n)/\mathbb{Z}_d$ is also a Lie group. Such groups are locally isomorphic, and their Weyl groups $W(SU(n)/\mathbb{Z}_d)$ are the symmetric group ${\sum}_n$. However, the integral representations of the Weyl groups are not equivalent. Under the mod $p$ reductions, we consider the structure of invariant rings $H^*(BT^{n-1};\mathbb{F}_p)^W$ for $W=W(SU(n)/\mathbb{Z}_d)$. Particularly, we ask if each of them is a polynomial ring. Our results show some polynomial and non-polynomial cases.

Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment of Flat and Depressed Type Early Colon Cancer

Kudo, Shin Ei 대한소화기내시경학회 1993 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.13 No.2

Lenvatinib versus sorafenib in first-line treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised phase 3 non-inferiority trial

Kudo, Masatoshi,Finn, Richard S,Qin, Shukui,Han, Kwang-Hyub,Ikeda, Kenji,Piscaglia, Fabio,Baron, Ari,Park, Joong-Won,Han, Guohong,Jassem, Jacek,Blanc, Jean Frederic,Vogel, Arndt,Komov, Dmitry,Evans, T Elsevier 2018 The Lancet Vol.391 No.10126

<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>In a phase 2 trial, lenvatinib, an inhibitor of VEGF receptors 1–3, FGF receptors 1–4, PDGF receptor α, RET, and KIT, showed activity in hepatocellular carcinoma. We aimed to compare overall survival in patients treated with lenvatinib versus sorafenib as a first-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>This was an open-label, phase 3, multicentre, non-inferiority trial that recruited patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, who had not received treatment for advanced disease, at 154 sites in 20 countries throughout the Asia-Pacific, European, and North American regions. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) via an interactive voice–web response system—with region; macroscopic portal vein invasion, extrahepatic spread, or both; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; and bodyweight as stratification factors—to receive oral lenvatinib (12 mg/day for bodyweight ≥60 kg or 8 mg/day for bodyweight <60 kg) or sorafenib 400 mg twice-daily in 28-day cycles. The primary endpoint was overall survival, measured from the date of randomisation until the date of death from any cause. The efficacy analysis followed the intention-to-treat principle, and only patients who received treatment were included in the safety analysis. The non-inferiority margin was set at 1·08. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01761266.</P> <P><B>Findings</B></P> <P>Between March 1, 2013 and July 30, 2015, 1492 patients were recruited. 954 eligible patients were randomly assigned to lenvatinib (n=478) or sorafenib (n=476). Median survival time for lenvatinib of 13·6 months (95% CI 12·1–14·9) was non-inferior to sorafenib (12·3 months, 10·4–13·9; hazard ratio 0·92, 95% CI 0·79–1·06), meeting criteria for non-inferiority. The most common any-grade adverse events were hypertension (201 [42%]), diarrhoea (184 [39%]), decreased appetite (162 [34%]), and decreased weight (147 [31%]) for lenvatinib, and palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia (249 [52%]), diarrhoea (220 [46%]), hypertension (144 [30%]), and decreased appetite (127 [27%]) for sorafenib.</P> <P><B>Interpretation</B></P> <P>Lenvatinib was non-inferior to sorafenib in overall survival in untreated advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The safety and tolerability profiles of lenvatinib were consistent with those previously observed.</P> <P><B>Funding</B></P> <P>Eisai Inc.</P>