Dynamic smile reanimation in facial nerve palsy

Krishnakumar Krishnan Santha,Subin Joseph,Sameer Latheef,Saju Narayanan,Santhy Mohanachandran Nair,Bibilash Babu,Anand Sivadasan,Srivatsa Manjunath Shet,Rajesh Vardhan Pydi,Ajit Pati,Srikant Aruna Sam 대한구강악안면외과학회 2020 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.46 No.2

Objectives: Long-term facial paralysis results in degeneration of the distal nerve segment and atrophy of the supplied muscles. Options for these patients include free muscle transfer, temporalis myoplasty, and botulinum toxin injections for smile reanimation. In this study we aimed to evaluate the subjective and objective outcomes of these procedures. Materials and Methods: In our study, we retrospectively analyzed smile symmetry in patients with facial palsy (n=8) who underwent facial reanimation procedures. Results: Subjective analysis showed high satisfaction in seven out of eight patients. Objective analysis showed statistically significant improvement postoperatively in both vertical and horizontal smile symmetry at rest and during maximum smile (P<0.001). Conclusion: Choosing the ideal procedure for the patients is the most critical aspect for facial reanimation. Though free muscle transfer is considered gold standard procedure, temporalis myoplasty also gives satisfactory results. Residual synkinesis which can lead to disturbing aesthetic deformity can be effectively treated with botulinum toxin.

Biochar Characterization and Evaluation for their Application as a Soil Amendments

Krishnakumar Srinivasagam,Rajalakshmi Anaimalai Gopalakr,Manikandan Angamuthu,Vinoth Chelladurai 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

A New Random PWM Technique for Conducted-EMI Mitigation on Cuk Converter

Krishnakumar, C.,Muhilan, P.,Sathiskumar, M.,Sakthivel, M. The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2015 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.10 No.3

Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) is a system to system or environment to system phenomenon. The literature survey proved that the Randomized Pulse Width Modulation (RPWM) technique is a promising technique to reduce EMI. A new Constant Trailing Edge, Randomized Pulse Width Modulation (CTERPWM) technique is proposed in this paper. The effect of the proposed RPWM technique for mitigation of conducted-EMI on Cuk converter operating in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) is simulated and tested. In this paper, the analytical expressions for the Power Spectral Density (PSD) are derived for the proposed RPWM technique and are validated by experimental measurements. The effectiveness of the proposed RPWM technique on the mitigation of conducted-EMI is verified comparing simulation and experimental results and it is identified that both the results are almost similar with allowable experimental deviations. The comparative investigation proves that the proposed RPWM technique can mitigate and spread the dominant peaks of conducted-EMI over the complete spectrum for the Cuk converter. Based on the investigation the CTERPWM technique is recommended for adoption.

Enhancing Salt Tolerance in Eggplant by Introduction of Foreign Halotolerance Gene, HAL1 Isolated from Yeast

Sugumaran KrishnaKumar,Iyyakkannu Sivanesan,Kandasamy Murugesan,정병룡,황승재 한국원예학회 2014 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.55 No.3

Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer method for production of transgenic eggplants (Solanum melongenaL. var. PKM1) has been optimized. Polymerase chain reaction of transgenic plants confirmed the presence of the expectedHAL1 fragment. Different tests were carried out to evaluate the level of salt tolerance for the transgenic and controlplants with culture media in vitro (0, 50, 100, 150, or 200 mM NaCl) and with soil in greenhouse (0, 25, 50, 75, or100 mM NaCl). Differences in callus growth between transgenic and control lines were observed. At 150 mM NaCl,the weight of calli from the transgenic population did not differ significantly from that in non salt condition, whilethe growth of wild-type control calli was strongly inhibited. A preliminary evaluation in vivo under controlled greenhouseconditions showed that at moderate salt concentrations (25 mM NaCl), a similar response to salinity in the originalline and in the transgenic progeny was found. However, at higher salt concentration (50 mM NaCl), total dry weight(relative growth) was not significantly decreased by salinity in the transgenic population, while a growth reductionwas observed in the wild-type control. Our results indicated that a higher level of salt tolerance was found in thetransgenic lines than in the wild-type control. Thus, in this present study we have demonstrated the possibility of increasingsalt tolerance in eggplant by introducing the foreign gene, HAL1 derived from yeast.

A New Random PWM Technique for Conducted-EMI Mitigation on Cuk Converter

C. Krishnakumar,P. Muhilan,M. Sathiskumar,M. Sakthivel 대한전기학회 2015 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.10 No.3

Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) is a system to system or environment to system phenomenon. The literature survey proved that the Randomized Pulse Width Modulation (RPWM) technique is a promising technique to reduce EMI. A new Constant Trailing Edge, Randomized Pulse Width Modulation (CTERPWM) technique is proposed in this paper. The effect of the proposed RPWM technique for mitigation of conducted-EMI on Cuk converter operating in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) is simulated and tested. In this paper, the analytical expressions for the Power Spectral Density (PSD) are derived for the proposed RPWM technique and are validated by experimental measurements. The effectiveness of the proposed RPWM technique on the mitigation of conducted-EMI is verified comparing simulation and experimental results and it is identified that both the results are almost similar with allowable experimental deviations. The comparative investigation proves that the proposed RPWM technique can mitigate and spread the dominant peaks of conducted-EMI over the complete spectrum for the Cuk converter. Based on the investigation the CTERPWM technique is recommended for adoption.

Preparation of cadmium stannate films by spray pyrolysis technique

V. Krishnakumar,K. Ramamurthi,R. Kumaravel,K. Santhakumar 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.3

Cadmium stannate thin films were prepared by spray pyrolysis technique using cadmium acetate and tin(Ⅱ) chloride precursors at substrate temperatures 450℃ and 500 ℃. XRD pattern confirms the formation of orthorhombic (111) cadmium stannate phase for the film prepared at substrate temperature of 500 ℃, whereas, films prepared at 450 ℃ are morphous. Film formation does not occur at substrate temperature from 300 to 375 ℃. SEM images reveal that the surface of the prepared Cd2SnO4 film is smooth. The average optical transmittance of ~86% is obtained for the film prepared at substrate temperature of 500 ℃ with the film thickness of 400 nm. The optical band gap value of the films varies from 2.7 to 2.94 eV. The film prepared at 500 ℃ shows a minimum resistivity of 35.6 × 10-4 Ωcm. Cadmium stannate thin films were prepared by spray pyrolysis technique using cadmium acetate and tin(Ⅱ) chloride precursors at substrate temperatures 450℃ and 500 ℃. XRD pattern confirms the formation of orthorhombic (111) cadmium stannate phase for the film prepared at substrate temperature of 500 ℃, whereas, films prepared at 450 ℃ are morphous. Film formation does not occur at substrate temperature from 300 to 375 ℃. SEM images reveal that the surface of the prepared Cd2SnO4 film is smooth. The average optical transmittance of ~86% is obtained for the film prepared at substrate temperature of 500 ℃ with the film thickness of 400 nm. The optical band gap value of the films varies from 2.7 to 2.94 eV. The film prepared at 500 ℃ shows a minimum resistivity of 35.6 × 10-4 Ωcm.

Evaluation of mucoadhesive nanoparticle based nasal vaccine

D. Krishnakumar,D. Kalaiyarasi,K. S. Jaganathan 한국약제학회 2012 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.42 No.6

The main objective of this study was to prepare Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loaded poly(lactic-coglycolic acid) (PLGA), Trimethyl chitosan (TMC) as well as TMC-coated PLGA nanoparticles and compare their efficacy as nasal vaccine. The developed formulations were characterized for size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency,mucin adsorption ability, Dentritic cells interaction, in vitro and in vivo studies. PLGA nanoparticles demonstrated negative zeta potential whereas TMC and PLGA–TMC nanoparticles showed higher positive zeta potential. Results indicated that TMC and PLGA–TMC nanoparticles demonstrated substantially higher mucin adsorption when compared to PLGA nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were nontoxic to isolated nasal epithelium. Immunogenicity increased as a function of particle size upon nasal administration. HBsAg encapsulated in PLGA–TMC particles elicited a significantly higher secretory (IgA) immune response compared to that encapsulated in PLGA and TMC particles. Similar to in vivo immune response data, fluorescent-labelled nanoparticles of smaller size are taken up more efficiently by rat alveolar macrophages compared to those of larger size. Results indicated that alum based HBsAg induced strong humoral but less mucosal immunity. However, PLGA–TMC nanoparticles induced stronger immune response at both of the fronts as compared to generated by PLGA or TMC nanoparticles. Present study demonstrates that PLGA–TMC nanoparticles with specific size range can be a better carrier adjuvant for nasal subunit vaccines.

Light Intensity and Photoperiod Influence the Growth and Development of Hydroponically Grown Leaf Lettuce in a Closed-type Plant Factory System

강정화,Sugumaran KrishnaKumar,Sarah Louise Sua Atulba,정병룡,황승재 한국원예학회 2013 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.54 No.6

Effect of light provided by various light intensities combined with different photoperiods on the growth and morphogenesis of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) ‘Hongyeom Jeockchukmyeon’ in a closed-type plant factory system were evaluated in this study. Four light intensity treatments, i.e., 200, 230, 260, and 290 µmol·m-2·s-1 PPFD, provided from light-emitting diodes (LEDs), with a combination of three different photoperiods 18/6 (1 cycle), 9/3 (2 cycles)or 6/2 (3 cycles) (light/dark) were used. The combination of 290-9/3 (light intensity-photoperiod) showed the highest plant height and fresh shoot weight, while plants grown at 290-18/6 exhibited the greatest root fresh weight, leaf dry weight, and longest root length. The greatest leaf width, maximum number of leaves, and greatest root dry weight were observed in the treatment combination of 290-6/2. Anthocyanin content was found to be highest in the 290-6/2and lowest in the 200-6/2 treatment, whereas chlorophyll fluorescence was observed to be highest in the 260-6/2 and the lowest in the 290-9/3 treatment. Our data showed that providing a high light intensity of 290 µmol·m-2·s-1 PPFD with a shorter photoperiod of 6/2 (light/dark) resulted in good plant growth and development of lettuce, whereas growth at light intensities of 230 or 260 µmol·m-2·s-1 PPFD with longer photoperiods of 18/6 and 9/3 (light/dark)resulted in good growth as well as higher photosynthetic capacity.

Surgical Management of Pyogenic Discitis of Lumbar Region

Pramod Devkota,Krishnakumar R,Renjith Kumar J 대한척추외과학회 2014 Asian Spine Journal Vol.8 No.2

Study Design: Retrospective review of patients who had pyogenic discitis and were managed surgically. Purpose: To analyze the bacteriology, pathology, management and outcome of pyogenic discitis of the lumbar region treated surgically. Overview of Literature: Surgical management of pyogenic discitis is still an infrequently used modality of treatment. Methods: A total of 42 patients comprised of 33 males and 9 females who had pyogenic discitis with a mean age of 51.61 years (range, 16−75 years) were included in this study. All the cases were confirmed as having pyogenic discitis by pus culture report and histopathological examination. The mean follow-up period was 41.9 months. Results: Debridement and posterior lumbar interbody fusion with autologous iliac bone graft was done in all cases. Thirteen (30.95%) patients had other medical co-morbidities. Five cases had a previous operation of the spine, and three cases had a history of vertebral fracture. Three patients were operated for gynaecological problems, and four cases had a history of urological surgery. L4−5 level was the most frequent site of pyogenic discitis. The most common bacterium isolated was Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Radiologically good fusion was seen in the majority of patients. Conclusions: Pyogenic discitis should be suspected in people having pain and local tenderness in the spinal region with a rise in inflammatory parameters in blood. The most common bacterium was S. aureus, but there were still a greater number of patients infected with other types of bacteria. Therefore, antibiotics therapy should be started only after isolating the bacteria and making the culture sensitivity report.

Design of "Smart" flap actuators for swept shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction control

Jonathan Couldrick,Krishnakumar Shankar,Sudhir Gai,John Milthorpe 국제구조공학회 2003 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.16 No.5