The role of FGF-2 in smoke-induced emphysema and the therapeutic potential of recombinant FGF-2 in patients with COPD

Kim, You-Sun,Hong, Goohyeon,Kim, Doh Hyung,Kim, Young Min,Kim, Yoon-Keun,Oh, Yeon-Mok,Jee, Young-Koo Nature Publishing Group UK 2018 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.50 No.11

<▼1><P>Although the positive effects of recombinant fibroblast growth factor-2 (rFGF-2) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been implicated in previous studies, knowledge of its role in COPD remains limited. The mechanism of FGF2 in a COPD mouse model and the therapeutic potential of rFGF-2 were investigated in COPD. The mechanism and protective effects of rFGF-2 were evaluated in cigarette smoke-exposed or elastase-induced COPD animal models. Inflammation was assessed in alveolar cells and lung tissues from mice. FGF-2 was decreased in the lungs of cigarette smoke-exposed mice. Intranasal use of rFGF-2 significantly reduced macrophage-dominant inflammation and alveolar destruction in the lungs. In the elastase-induced emphysema model, rFGF-2 improved regeneration of the lungs. In humans, plasma FGF-2 was decreased significantly in COPD compared with normal subjects (10 subjects, <I>P</I> <I>=</I> 0.037). The safety and efficacy of inhaled rFGF-2 use was examined in COPD patients, along with changes in respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function. A 2-week treatment with inhaled rFGF-2 in COPD (<I>n</I> = 6) resulted in significantly improved respiratory symptoms compared with baseline levels (<I>P</I> <I><</I> 0.05); however, the results were not significant compared with the placebo. The pulmonary function test results of COPD improved numerically compared with those in the placebo, but the difference was not statistically significant. No serious adverse events occurred during treatment with inhaled rFGF-2. The loss of FGF-2 production is an important mechanism in the development of COPD. Inhaling rFGF-2 may be a new therapeutic option for patients with COPD because rFGF-2 decreases inflammation in lungs exposed to cigarette smoke.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Lung disease: Inhaling a protein might help</B></P><P>Studies on the role of the protein ‘fibroblast growth factor-2’ (FGF-2) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) suggest that inhaled FGF-2 could help treat the emphysema linked to smoking. Researchers in South Korea led by Young-Koo Jee at Dankook University, Cheonan, and Yeon-Mok Oh at the University of Ulsan, Seoul, studied the role of the reduced FGF-2 levels found in mice with lung inflammation caused by exposure to cigarette smoke. They also uncovered details of a protective effect of inhaled FGF-2, identifying specific cellular and lung structure changes attributed to the administered FGF-2. Reduced FGF-2 levels were also found in patients with COPD. Initial trials revealed some improvement in patients treated with FGF-2, but not at a statistically significant level. Nevertheless, the authors suggest their results justify further investigation of the protein’s therapeutic potential.</P></▼2>

요구사항 명세서로부터 프로그램을 유도하기 위한 도구

구연설, 이상호 忠北大學校 1986 論文集 Vol.32 No.-

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Ka-밴드 도파관 슬롯 배열 안테나 설계와 제작

具然健,黃志煥 홍익대학교 산업기술연구소 2002 産業技術 Vol.12 No.-

This paper presents a waveguide slot 16x16 array antenna with diaphragm for 37.5~38.5 GHz frequency band. At first, the radiation characteristics of longitudinal slots on a broadside of a waveguide have been examined. Diaphragms are used to control the impedance and to minimize the return loss of the structure. A 20 dB Chebyshev array of 16 waveguide slots has been designed by optimizing the positions and sizes of the diaphragms and the slots. Then, a serial feeding system with π-junction power dividers has also designed to get a 20 dB Chebyshev power distribution. We used the HFSS for full-wave analysis and the MW Office for equivalent circuit simulations. The 16x16 slot array antenna, which was designed for a Fixed Wireless Access System at 38 GHz frequency, gives an antenna gain higher than 30 dBi. A slot array antenna was manufactured using a computer controlled milling technique, and measured for the return loss and the antenna pattern.

民法上 女性의 地位

具然昌 慶熙大學校 1986 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

It may be not that the history of Western democracy is the record of the challenge against the divine right of kings or the "God-given" institution of slavery and today against sexual discrimination. The fact that much of the discrimination women have faced has been caused or supported by the legal system itself surprises us. The legal status of women under the Civil Code have faced the discrimination as a mother, wife, and daughter. Thus, it is imperative to change those discrimination. This article attempts to inquire into the kind and degree of the discrimination to which women are bound under the Civil Code, with emphasis on family and succession law. And then, some guidelines will be projected to change those provisions of discrimination under the Civil Code.

GaAs-FET를 이용한 S-Band 저잡음 증폭기의 설계에 관한 연구

具然健,高光泰 弘益大學校 1985 弘大論叢 Vol.17 No.2

In this paper the two-port network analysis of microwave amplifier and the design method of low-noise amplifier are described. And when this theory is applied to an S-band amplifier with GaAs-MESFET and narrowband design at 4.0 GHz, the experimental results are conformed with the theoretical values. The amplifier achieves 1.2 GHz 3 dB-bandwidth in band and 12.5 dB gain with 2.21 dB noise figure at 4.0 GHz.

마이크로스트립 대역통과필터의 設計

具然健,金斗根,李漢明 弘益大學校 1983 弘大論叢 Vol.15 No.2

A procedure for designing a band-pass filter of quarter-wavelength microstrip resonator with interdigital array is presented. After the design curve is determined experimentally by the resonance phenomena of several pairs of resonators, the microstrip interdigital filter for center frequency of 700 MHz and fractional bandwidth of 20% is designed. It is obtained that the fractional bandwidth is 19.43%, centered at 695 MHz. An experimental results show that the computed values almost agree with measured values except for the ripple which is negligible.

도심 지역 전파 전달 특성 해석

구연건,이병훈 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1997 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.8 No.-

Characteristics of microwave reflections and diffractions in an urban crossroad is presented in this thesis utilizing geometrical optics(GO), Uniform geometrical theory of diffraction(UTD) and ray tracing technique. At first, three-dimensional multiple paths between a transmitter and a receiver at various line-of-sight(LOS) or out-of-sight(OOS) positions in the crossroad were traced using the image method. The multiple paths include direct incidence, specular wall and ground reflections and corner diffractions. Then, signal path losses to the receiver at various positions in the crossroad were computed using GO, UTD and total path lengths and reflection angles. The appropriate number of reflection for numerical convergence was computed and the effects of polarization, frequency and dielectric constant of the wall and ground on the pathloss to LOS and OOS positions are also studied. The accuracy of this method is verified by the experimental measurement in a constructed cross road. It was also applied in more complicated road structures.

運動하고 있는 誘電體圓柱에 의한 平面電磁波의 散亂

具然健 弘益大學校 1981 弘大論叢 Vol.13 No.-

The scattering of electromagnetic waves with a dielectric column which is moving uniformly in a perpendicular direction to its axis was analyzed. A homogeneous dielectric for a moving boundary, an arbitrary polarization for the incident plane wave, and ka<<1 were assumed. It was found that for E-waves, the total scattering cross sections were the functions of relative velocity and dielectric constants and scattering patterns were circles of their centers shifted to the opposite of the moving direction and of their radii to be dependent on the relative dielectric constants, and for H-waves, total scattering cross sections were varied as relative velocity and relative dielectric constant and scattering patterns of constant moving velocity were dispersed as relative dielectric constants decreased and those of constant relative dielectric constants were also dispersed as relative velocity decreased. Ⅰ. 緖 論 Ⅱ. 理 論 Ⅲ. 檢 討 Ⅳ. 結 論 The scattering of electromagnetic waves with a dielectric column which is moving uniformly in a perpendicular direction to its axis was analyzed. A homogeneous dielectric for a moving boundary, an arbitrary polarization for the incident plane wave, and ka<<1 were assumed. It was found that for E-waves, the total scattering cross sections were the functions of relative velocity and dielectric constants and scattering patterns were circles of their centers shifted to the opposite of the moving direction and of their radii to be dependent on the relative dielectric constants, and for H-waves, total scattering cross sections were varied as relative velocity and relative dielectric constant and scattering patterns of constant moving velocity were dispersed as relative dielectric constants decreased and those of constant relative dielectric constants were also dispersed as relative velocity decreased.

軸과 垂直方向으로 運動하는 誘電體圓柱에 의한 斜入射 電磁波의 散亂

具然健,金斗根 弘益大學校 1984 弘大論叢 Vol.16 No.2

The scattering of a plane electromagnetic wave incident obliquely upon the surface of a perfect dielectric column with a uniform velocity in the perpendicular direction to its axis is analyzed nummerically. The scattered fields are computed according to the postulates of special relativity. The angle distribution of the scattered power, the total scattering cross sections and the radar cross sections are illustrated as the function of the incident angles of a plane wave and the relative velocity of a dielectric column.

韓國 民謠에 나타난 諧謔性 考察

具然軾 東亞大學校 1978 東亞論叢 Vol.15 No.1

In examining the elements of humor as reflected in Korea ballads in the aspect of the inclination and structure of consciousness of the Korean people, I have found out that our ballads are so imbued with humour that it is extremely difficult clearly classify national disposition and consciousness acted upon by a sense of humour. However, as a result of close examination, I have come out with roughly four types of humour. First, it comes in the form of suppressive consciousness. Foremost is a sinse of humour related to sexuality, which arouses a wide appeal among people. Second, it is revealed in various emotions such as curse, toleration, love, seperation and even death, the last of which clearly shows an aspect of national character that the Koreans indulge themselves in humour. Third, it works through nature, and people describes it as an embodiment of the childishness of an imperfect, innocent and foolish child, thereby feeling themselves closely related and even united with it. Fourth, in terms of technique it is achieved by word-play. This indicates a mastery of language in bringing out humour, and the excellence of artistic quality with which our race is endowed.