한국인의 치아우식 조절에 관한 연구 : Ⅱ.흰쥐 치아우식 이환율에 미치는 수종 양념의 영향에 관한 추가연구 Ⅱ. ADDITIONAL STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF THE SEVERAL SPICES ON THE CARIES RATE IN RATS

정동균,이종흔,김각균,이공훈,오귀옥,정태영 대한구강생물학회 1980 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.4 No.1

Those studies were performed to elucidate the effects of several dietary spices on dental caries and to determine which component of spices induced the change of incidence of dental caries in Sprague-Dawley rats which were supplied from SNU animal house. For this study, 132 rats (rats weighing 90-140 gm) were chosen at random with the same number of both sexes and divided into eleven experimental groups which contained the differential components of drinking water and diets for control and experimental group. Control group was fed standard cariogenic diet and tap water. In experimental groups, rats were fed standard cariogenic diet supplemented with capsicum (10%), ash capsicum (1, 10%), garlic (5%), common salt (3%), and analytical salt (3%) for 80 days. Drinking water was tap water containing water extract of capsicum (1, 10%), water extract of garlic (1.1%), and fluoride (50ppm). The results were as follows. 1. 54.6 in caries score was recorded in control group. 2. Rats which drank water containing 50ppm of fluoride showed 18.4% decrease in caries score. 3. Capsicum-fed rats showed 10.7% (capsicum 10%) increase in caries score and rats which drank water containing water extract of capsicum (1, 10%) showed 14.1% (w.e. capsicum 1%) and 0.16% (w.e. capsicum 10%) increase in caries score. But ash capsicum-fed rats showed 18.7% (ash capsicum 1%) and 7.3% (ash capsicum 10%) decrease in caries score. 4. Garlic-fed rats showed 22.1% (garlic 5%) decrease in caries score. But rats which drank water containing 1.1% of water extract of garlic showed 24.1% increase in caries score. 5. 58.4% and 68.0% increase in caries score were recorded in rats which were fed diet containing common salt (3%) and analytical NaCl (3%), respectively.

한국인의 치아우식 조절에 관한 연구 : Ⅳ. 고추수침엑스가 Streptococcus mutans B-13의 성장에 미치는 영향 Ⅳ. THE EFFECT OF WATER-EXTRACT OF CAPSICUM ON THE GROWTH OF STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS B-13

이종흔,정동균,정태영,김각균,민병무,이공훈 대한구강생물학회 1980 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.4 No.1

This experiment was performed to elucidate the reported anti-cariogenic effect of capsicum in rats. Streptococcus mutans strain B-13, which was drived from human oral cavity and known to be cariogenic, was cultured in TYG with water-extract of capsicum. Glucose content of water-extract of capsicum was also determined by glucose oxidase method. The results are as follows. 1. Glucose content of water-extract of capsicum was 25.6 (±0.5) %. 2. In logarithmic phase, water-extract of capsicum group showed less steepness in growth curve than control group. 3. In early stationary phase, size of bacterial cell mass was in order of control, 0.5% and 1% water-extract of capsicum group. 4. It appears that water-extract capsicum might contain inhibitory substance to growth of Streptococcus mutans B-13, in spite of its high glucose content.

Study on The Relation between Dependency Rate and Saving in Korea

Kong-Kyun Ro(魯公均),Nam-Hoon Cho(趙南動),Kang-Seok Cheo(崔康奭) 한국인구학회 1989 한국인구학 Vol.12 No.2

A Behavior Model of Physicians Within the Framework of Leisure versus Output Theory of Labor Supply

Kong Kyun Ro,John A . Powers 한국경제학회 1976 經濟學硏究 Vol.24 No.1

Determinants of the Socio-economic and Emotional Status of the Elderly in Korea

Kong-Kyun Ro(노공균),So-Young Cho(조소영),Dong-Sook Shin(신동숙),Tae-Hoon Lee(이태훈) 한국인구학회 1991 한국인구학 Vol.14 No.2

1. 問題點(Setting of Problems) 産業의 急進的인 進步는 高度의 技術社會(high-tech societies)를 創出해 내었고, 이로 인해 生産樣式뿐만 아니라, 價値體系 및 生活樣式이 急進的으로 變化하였다. 동시에, 産業化 및 生活水準의 向上은 人口統計學的 變遷(demographic transition)을 가져와, 人口의 老齡化가 이루어졌다. 産業化에 의해 發生된 이러한 現狀들 즉, 價値體系의 變化와 人口의 老齡化가 바로 問題의 核心인 것이다. 産業化는 效率(efficiency)에 높은 價値를 賦與함으로서, 精神的인 人間體系側面의 重要性을 無視하고, 老齡化란 多次元的(multi-dimensional) 問題를 일으켰다. 이러한 問題들의 解決策으로서 西歐的인 價値槪念은 老人들의 生活의 質(quality of life)을 向上시키지 못한 것으로 생각된다. 따라서, 物質的인 面 이외에 精神的인 面의 接近法을 必要로 하게 되는 것이다. 2. 硏究의 目的(Objective of the Study) 이 硏究의 目的은 韓國에 있어서의 人口의 老齡化의 原因과 結果에 대한 硏究를 하는데 있다. 이러한 硏究에 의해 老齡化라는 多次元的 問題에 대한 智識을 얻으므로써, 社會, 共同體 및 家族 水準에서의 老齡化 問題를 다루는데 있어 非西歐的 接近法 및 政策的 戰略에 관한 方案을 提示하게 되기를 希望한다. 3. 方法論(Methodology) 1) 資料 蒐集(Data Collection) 資料는 다음 세가지 源泉으로부터 얻어졌다. 첫째, 出版된 資料 및 會議書類 둘째, 韓國保健社會硏究院과의 協助로 行해진 說問紙 調査 셋째, 自體 硏究팀에 의해 行해진 面談 2) 資料分析(Data Analysis) 原因分析(cause - effect types of analyses)은 probit, logit, path analyses에 의해 行해졌다. 이 硏究論文에는 trend analysis의 結果는 提示되지 않았는데, 이는 多樣한 政府機關에 의해 出刊된 分析들과 類似하기 때문이다. 4. 硏究分析의 結果 첫째, 經濟的 要因은 老人들의 生活狀態를 決定하는데 가장 중요한 要因이라는 것을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 老人의 社會的인 統合이 ?할수록 보다 幸福한 生活을 營爲하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 性(sex), 敎育程度, 住居地域 등의 老人의 雇傭狀態 및 所得水準과 큰 關係가 있다. 넷째, 敎育程度, 社會的 統合(social integration) 등이 健康狀態와 密接한 關係가 있다. 다섯째, 社會的 統合, 健康狀態, 獨立心 등이 老人의 情緖的 狀態에 큰 影響을 미친다.

Factors Affecting Availability and Mix of Health Resources in Korea

Kong - Kyun Ro,Mo Im Kim 한국경제학회 1978 經濟學硏究 Vol.26 No.1

Ambiguity-free Doppler centroid estimation technique for airborne SAR using the Radon transform

Kong, Young-Kyun,Cho, Byung-Lae,Kim, Young-Soo IEEE 2005 IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing Vol.43 No.4

In synthetic aperture radar (SAR) signal processing, the Doppler centroid estimation technique, called the 'clutter-lock', is important because it is related to the signal-to-noise ratio, geometric distortion, and radiometric error of the final SAR image. Conventional algorithms have either ambiguity problems or somewhat high computational load. Using the fact that the Doppler centroid and the squint angle are directly related, we propose an ambiguity-free Doppler centroid estimation technique using Radon transform, named geometry-based Doppler estimator. The proposed algorithm is computationally efficient and shows good performance of estimating the absolute Doppler centroid.

Economic Analysis of Fertility in Korea

Ro, Kong-Kyun 연세대학교 동서문제연구소 1979 東西硏究 JOURNAL OF EAST AND WEST STUDIES Vol.8 No.2

병원 단위비용 결정요인에 관한 연구

노공균 ( Kong Kyun Ro ),이선 ( Seon Lee ) 한국병원경영학회 2004 병원경영학회지 Vol.9 No.1

The objective of this study is to examine how to maximize the efficiency of hospital management by minimizing the unit cost of hospital operation. For this purpose, this paper proposes to develop a model of the profit maximization based on the cost minimization dictum using the statistical tools of arriving at the maximum likelihood values. The preliminary survey data are collected from the annual statistics and their analyses published by Korea Health Industry Development Institute and Korean Hospital Association. The maximum likelihood value statistical analyses are conducted from the information on the cost (function) of each of 36 hospitals selected by the random stratified sampling method according to the size and location (urban or rural) of hospitals. We believe that, although the size of sample is relatively small, because of the sampling method used and the high response rate, the power of estimation of the results of the statistical analyses of the sample hospitals is acceptable. The conceptual framework of analyses is adopted from the various models of the determinants of hospital costs used by the previous studies. According to this framework, the study postulates that the unit cost of hospital operation is determined by the size, scope of service, technology (production function) as measured by capacity utilization, labor capital ratio and labor input-mix variables, and by exogeneous variables. The variables to represent the above cost determinants are selected by using the step-wise regression so that only the statistically significant variables may be utilized in analyzing how these variables impact on the hospital unit cost. The results of the analyses show that the models of hospital cost determinants adopted are well chosen. The various models analyzed have the (goodness of fit) overall determination (R2) which all turned out to be significant, regardless of the variables put in to represent the cost determinants. Specifically, the size and scope of service, no matter how it is measured, i.e., number of admissions per bed, number of ambulatory visits per bed, adjusted inpatient days and adjusted outpatients, have overall effects of reducing the hospital unit costs as measured by the cost per admission, per inpatient day, or office visit implying the existence of the economy of scale in the hospital operation. Thirdly, the technology used in operating a hospital has turned out to have its ramifications on the hospital unit cost similar to those postulated in the static theory of the firm. For example, the capacity utilization as represented by the inpatient days per employee tuned out to have statistically significant negative impacts on the unit cost of hospital operation, while payroll expenses per inpatient cost has a positive effect. The input-mix of hospital operation, as represented by the ratio of the number of doctor, nurse or medical staff per general employee, supports the known thesis that the specialized manpower costs more than the general employees. The labor/capital ratio as represented by the employees per 100 beds is shown to have a positive effect on the cost as expected. As for the exogeneous variable`s impacts on the cost, when this variable is represented by the percent of urban 100 population at the location where the hospital is located, the regression analysis shows that the hospitals located in the urban area have a higher cost than those in the rural area. Finally, the case study of the sample hospitals offers a specific information to hospital administrators about how they share in terms of the cost they are incurring in comparison to other hospitals. For example, if his/her hospital is of small size and located in a city, he/she can compare the various costs of his/her hospital operation with those of other similar hospitals. Therefore, he/she may be able to find the reasons why the cost of his/her hospital operation has a higher or lower cost than other similar hospitals in w

한국(韓國)의 인구변화(人口變化)와 경제발전(經濟發展) 경제(經濟)모델을 중심(中心)으로

노공균 ( Kong Kyun Ro ),조남훈 ( Nam Hoon Cho ),박대근 ( Dae Keun Park ) 한국보건사회연구원 1983 保健社會硏究 Vol.3 No.1

The purposes of this paper are to formulate an economic-demographic growth model for Korea and to analyse the policy impacts on population change and economic development. It is hoped that the result of this study would contribute to formulating a more efficient economic- demographic policy. An economic-demographic growth model for Korea is formulated on the basis of the Suits- Mason model and other relevant models. The equations which explain the level of economic variables in the model are estimate by econometric methods using time-series data. Four variables are selected as policy variables. They are total fertility rate (TFR), marginal growth capital formation rate (MGCFR), high school education rate of the working age population (RHE), and emigration rate (EMR). A each different scenario is assigned to each of these variables, and the future levels of economic and demographic variables under these scenarios are calculated using simulation methods. Then, economic gains from each policy are computed to provide a basis for appraising alternative policies. The major findings from this study are as follows. The target fertility control policy is efficient in reducing the population growth rate and in increasing the GNP growth rate. The investment policy and education policy contribute to a rapid economic growth by increasing both capital stock and human capital. The emigration policy has a direct significant effect on the size of population, but has an insignificant effect on economic growth. If the policy mix of the fertility control policy and the investment policy is used, the economic gain will be greater than the sum of the economic gains from each policy. That indicates that syneric effect may be obtained by combining appropriate policies. In conclusion, a proper mix of various policies is essential to obtain a balanced and rapid economic growth through syneric effects.