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Shoko Kiyohara,함인선(번역자) 서울대학교 공익산업법센터 2012 경제규제와 법 Vol.5 No.1
본고의 목적은 미국의 경우와 비교하여 일본에서의 망 중립성정책의 개관을 소개하는 것이다. 미국에서는 망 중립성은 의회와 FCC에서 오랫동안 논쟁이 되어온 문제였다. FCC가 망 중립성으로 널리 알려진 인터넷의 자유와 개방에 대한 새로운 규칙(2011 년 11월 21일부터 시행되었다.)을 채택한 이후에도 아직도 버라이즌 통신사, 공화당 의원들과 티파티단체와 같은 반대자들이 있다. 그들은 FCC의 망 중립성문제에 대한 권한의 흠결이라는 관점에서 FCC의 규제에 대해 비판한다. 더구나,FCC는 현재 법원에서 망 중립성규칙의 반대자뿐만 아니라 찬성자로부터서도 강한 비판에 직면하고 있다. 그와는 대조적으로, 일본에서는 전기통신사업법에 근거한 망 중립성을 보장하는 법체계가 완성되었다. 그러나, 그러한 법체계 아래에서 정부에 의한 망 중립성에 관한 상세한 규정은 완성되어 있지 않다. 본고는 또한 일본에서 대역제어에 관한 지침이 어떻게 발전하여 왔는지에 대해 설명한다. NTT DOCOMO, au(KDDI)와 Softbank Mobile와 같은 통신사업자들은 지침에 따라 데이터통신에 대한 대역제어를 시행하고 있다. 토론 및 결론에서 일본과 미국간의 망 중립성정책의 유사점과 차이점을 지적한다.
Takahiro Kiyohara,Hirotsugu Tanimura 대한피부과학회 2020 Annals of Dermatology Vol.32 No.5
We describe a confusing case of GATA3-positive adnexal adenocarcinoma with a potential pitfall of leading to a misdiagnosis of urothelial carcinoma. A 62-year-old male presented with a subcutaneous nodule on the right lower abdomen around a scar from surgery for urothelial carcinoma in the right urinary tract, which had been resected 8 years previously. Histologically, atypical cells possessing ample cytoplasm and partial intracytoplasmic lumens were densely grouped in the subcutaneous expansive nodule and bilateral inguinal lymph nodes dissected. Decapitation secretion could not be seen. Neoplastic cells were positive for CK7, GATA3, and GCDFP15, and negative for CK5/6, CK20, p63, CD10, PAX8, HER-2, and uroplakin-Ⅱ. Neoplastic cells in the urothelium and the metastasized lung were positive for CK7, CK5/6, and GATA3, and negative for CK20, p63, GCDFP15, and TTF-1. A variable level of GATA3 expression in malignant tumors with apocrine and eccrine differentiation should be recognized by dermatologists.
Overview of the Policy on Network Neutrality in Japan
Shoko Kiyohara 서울대학교 공익산업법센터 2012 경제규제와 법 Vol.5 No.1
The aim of this paper is to introduce overview of the policy on network neutrality in Japan in comparison with the U.S. case. In the U.S., network neutrality has been a controversial issue for a long time not only in the Congress but also at the FCC. Even after the FCC adopted new rules to preserve Internet freedom and openness, which is well-known as network neutrality, and the rules became effective on November 21,2011, there are still various opponents such as Verizon Communications, Republican Congressmen and Tea Party groups. They argue against the regulations from the aspect of lack of the FCC’s authority over network neutrality issues. Moreover, the FCC is currently facing strong criticism not only from opponents but also from supporters of network neutrality rules in courts. In contrast, in Japan we have completed legal frameworks for ensuring network neutrality based on the Telecommunications Business Law. However, we haven’t completed detailed rules by the government regarding network neutrality under the legal frameworks. The paper also shows how the guideline for packet shaping was developed in Japan. Telecommunications operators such as NTT DOCOMO, au(KDDI) and Softbank Mobile implement packet shaping on data communication in accordance with the guideline. In discussion & conclusion, I will indicate similarities and differences regarding network neutrality policy between Japan and the U.S.
일본의 망중립성 정책의 개관 : 미국의 정책 발전과 비교하여
함인선,Shoko Kiyohara 서울대학교 법학연구소 2012 경제규제와 법 Vol.5 No.1
본고의 목적은 미국의 경우와 비교하여 일본에서의 망중립성정책의 개관을 소개하는 것이다. 미국에서는 망 중립성은 의회와 FCC에서 오랫동안 논쟁이 되어온 문제였다. FCC가 망 중립성으로 널리 알려진 인터넷의 자유와개방에 대한 새로운 규칙(2011년 11월 21일부터 시행되었다.)을 채택한 이후에도 아직도 버라이즌 통신사, 공화당의원들과 티파티단체와 같은 반대자들이 있다. 그들은FCC의 망 중립성문제에 대한 권한의 흠결이라는 관점에서 FCC의 규제에 대해 비판한다. 더구나, FCC는 현재법원에서 망 중립성규칙의 반대자뿐만 아니라 찬성자로부터서도 강한 비판에 직면하고 있다. 그와는 대조적으로,일본에서는 전기통신사업법에 근거한 망 중립성을 보장하는 법체계가 완성되었다. 그러나, 그러한 법체계 아래에서정부에 의한 망 중립성에 관한 상세한 규정은 완성되어있지 않다. 본고는 또한 일본에서 대역제어에 관한 지침이어떻게 발전하여 왔는지에 대해 설명한다. NTT DOCOMO,au(KDDI)와 Softbank Mobile와 같은 통신사업자들은지침에 따라 데이터통신에 대한 대역제어를 시행하고 있다. 토론 및 결론에서 일본과 미국간의 망 중립성정책의유사점과 차이점을 지적한다.
Kakino, Kenichi,Kiyohara, Chikako,Horiuchi, Takahiko,Nakanishi, Yoichi Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.8
Background: Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genes may contribute to susceptibility to lung cancer because of their critical involvement in mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Materials and Methods: We evaluated the role of CYP2E1 rs2031920 and COMT rs4680 in a case-control study involving 462 lung cancer cases and 379 controls in Japanese. Logistic regression was used to assess adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Multiplicative and additive interactions with cigarette smoking or alcohol use were also examined. Results: Neither CYP2E1 rs2031920 nor COMT rs4680 was associated with lung cancer risk overall. However, smokers with the CC genotype of CYP2E1 rs2031920 (OR = 3.57, 95% CI = 2.26 - 5.63) presented a higher risk of lung cancer than those with at least one T allele (OR = 2.91, 95% CI = 1.70 - 4.98) as compared to never-smokers with at least one T allele (reference). Subjects with excessive drinking and the CC genotype of CYP2E1 rs2031920 had a significantly higher risk (OR = 2.22, 95% CI =1.39 - 3.56) than appropriate drinkers with at least one T allele. A similar tendency was observed between COMT rs4680 and either smoking or drinking habits. There were no multiplicative or additive interactions between the polymorphisms and either smoking or alcohol use. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that CYP2E1 rs2031920 and COMT rs4680 are not major contributors to lung cancer risk in our Japanese population. Future studies on the genetics of lung cancer in Japanese and their environment interactions are required.
Effect of Arachidonic Acid-enriched Oil Diet Supplementation on the Taste of Broiler Meat
Takahashi, H.,Rikimaru, K.,Kiyohara, R.,Yamaguchi, S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.6
To elucidate the relationship between the arachidonic acid (AA) content and the taste of broiler meat, the effects of AA-enriched oil (AAO) supplements on the fatty acid content and sensory perceptions of thigh meat were evaluated. Four types of oil, including corn oil (CO), a 1:1 mixture of AAO and palm oil (PO) (1/2 AAO), a 1:3 mixture of AAO and PO (1/4 AAO), and a 1:7 mixture of AAO and PO (1/8 AAO) were prepared. Each type of oil was mixed with silicate at a ratio of 7:3, and added to the diet at a final proportion of 5% of fresh matter. Broiler chickens were fed these diets for 1 wk before slaughter. In thigh meat, the AA content of the 1/2 and 1/4 AAO groups was significantly higher than that of the CO group. The AA content in thigh meat (y, mg/g) increased linearly with increasing dietary AAO content (x, g/100 g of diet), according to the equation y = 0.5674+0.4596x ($r^2$ = 0.8454). The content of other fatty acids was not significantly different among the 4 diet groups. Sensory evaluation showed that the flavor intensity, umami (L-glutamate taste), kokumi (continuity, mouthfulness, and thickness), and aftertaste of the 1/2 and 1/4 AAO groups were significantly higher than that of the CO group. There were significant positive correlations between AA content in thigh meat and the flavor intensity, total taste intensity, umami, and aftertaste. These data suggest that the taste of broiler meat can be improved by the amount of dietary AA supplementation.