한국인 일본어학습자의 구말 음조 패턴에 관한 고찰-일 한 동일 문장을 사용한 비교 대조-

키타노타카시 ( Kitano Takashi ) 한국일어일문학회 2019 日語日文學硏究 Vol.108 No.-

이 연구는 한국어 서울 방언을 모어로 하는 일본어 학습자의 어미에 나타나는 음조 패턴에 대해서 같은 내용의 문장을 사용해서 일본어와 한국어 양언어로 어떤 차이와 공통점들이 있는지 실험과 고찰을 실시한 것이다. 그 결과 모든 피험자의 일본어와 한국어의 음조 패턴이 높은 빈도로 같은 음조 패턴이 관찰되어 한국인 일본어 학습자의 어미 상승은 발화 의도를 거의 가지지 않는 모국어의 영향을 받은 것이라는 결과를 얻게 되었다. 기존의 선행연구는 한국인의 어미 상승 현상은 그들의 모국어인 한국어 서울 방언의 특징인 무악센트의 영향을 받은 것이라고 지적하고 있지만 일본어 모어화자 중에서 어미 상승현상이 많이 나타나고 있는 점을 근거로 한국인 학습자가 일본어 모국어 화자를 모방하고 있다는 견해도 제시되고 있다. 따라서 한국인 일본어 학습자에서 나타나는 어미 상승현상의 원인을 보다 확실히 할 목적으로 키타노(2017) 의 연구에서 같은 문장을 낭독해서 조사의 사용경향을 분석한 결과 특정 조사와의 공기관계는 거의 나타나지 않았기 때문에 한국인 학습자의 어미 상승 현상은 의도적인 발화 의도를 가지지 않는 단순한 모국어의 영향을 받은 것이라는 결과를 얻었다. 이 연구의 결과는 키타노 (2017) 의 연구결과를 보강해서 한국인 학습자의 어미 상승 현상의 원인을 발화 의도를 가지고 있는 의식적인 언어 활동이라는 면보다 모국어의 영향을 강하게 받은 언어 현상이라는 가설이 설득력을 얻게 되었다. The purpose of the paper is to describe the results of an examination of the UPTALK phenomenon among Korean learners, which is categorized by the pitch patterns made by Korean learners with Japanese and Korean sentences that have the same meaning. Clear similarities were demonstrated in the position and patterns of UPTALK in Japanese and Korean sentences among many of the participants. Previous researchers have also demonstrated that UPTALK among Korean learners is not a conscious language behavior and it is simply influenced by the Seoul Korean, which is known as a intonational dialect . It has also been observed that Korean learners imitate the UPTALK behavior of native Japanese speakers, especially among young females, such as when UPTALK has been observed in conversations. My previous research (Kitano 2015) provided clear evidence that Korean learners’ UPTALK is a language behavior influenced by their mother language but not a conscious language behavior, providing evidence that Koreans learning Japanese use UPTALK for case-marking particles, while Japanese native speakers mostly use UPTALK for conjunctive particles. This supports the hypothesis that Korean learners’ UPTALK is a language behavior mainly influenced by their mother language and it is not a conscious language behavior. The results of this additional analysis, which is described in this paper, indicate clear differences between the UPTALK patterns of Korean learners and Japanese native speakers. Korean learners use UPTALK with both Japanese and Korean sentences with clear similarities in the position and pattern of the UPTALK phenomenon, while Japanese native speakers use less UPTALK with Japanese sentences. This again supports the hypothesis that Korean learners’ UPTALK is a language behavior mainly influenced by their mother language but not a conscious language behavior with intended meaning of intonation

어미 상승 현상과 조사와의 공기관계에 관한 고찰-일본어 모어화자와의 대조를 중심으로-

키타노타카시 ( Kitano Takashi ) 한국일어일문학회 2017 日語日文學硏究 Vol.100 No.1

본 논문은 한국인 학습자의 어미 상승 현상에 나타나는 조사와의 공기관계에 관한 연구이다. 기존의 선행연구는 한국인의 어미 상승 현상은 그들의 모국어인 서울 방언이 갖는 무악센트 라고 하는 언어적 특징에 크게 영향을 받은 현상이라는 지적이 있다. 하지만 최근 일본어를 모국어로 하는 화자 중에서도 젊은 여성을 중심으로 어미 상승현상이 나타나고 있다는 점을 근거로 한국인 학습자가 일본어 모국어 화자를 모방하고 있다는 견해도 있다. 선행 연구는 일본어 모국어 화자의 어미 상승 현상을 담화 상의 의미를 갖는 접속조사 등의 조사와 공기가 많은 것을 그 원인이라는 지적도 있다. 이 점에 주목하여 이 연구에서는 한국를 모국어로 하는 학습자의 어미 상승 현상이 접속 조사 등과 빈번하게 공기현상이 발생한 경우 일본어 모국어 화자와 동일한 발화 의도를 갖고, 그 반대로 특정한 조사와의 공기가 나타나지 않는 경우에는 특히 발화 의도를 갖지 않고 모국어의 영향을 강하게 받아 발현된 언어적인 습관이라는 가설을 세웠다 . 이 가설 검증을 실시한 키타노의 연구(2016)에서는 한국어 모국어 화자가 접속 조사와의 공기를 많이 보인다고 하는 주장에 대해 통계적인 유의차가 나타나지 않아 한국인 일본어 학습자의 어미상승현상은 모방이 아닌 언어적인 습관이라는 결과를 얻었다. 그러나 실험에서 이용된 문장이 각각 다른 내용이었기 때문에 보다 상세한 연구와 분석을 위하여 이 연구에서는 같은 문장을 낭독하는 실험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 전 연구와 동일하게 특정 조사와의 공기관계는 나타나지 않았기 때문에 한국어 모국어 화자의 어미 상승 현상은 발화 의도를 가지지 않는 모국어의 영향을 강하게 받은 것이라는 가설이 설득력을 얻게 되었다. This paper describes the results of an analysis of Korean Learners` UPTALK associated with conjunctive particles. Previous researches has shown that Korean first language Japanese learner`s UPTALK is not a only conscious language behavior and that it is simply influenced by their mother language, Seoul dialect, which is known as a non-accent language. It has also been observed that Korean learners are trying to imitate native Japanese speakers` UPTALK behavior, especially among young females, as UPTALK has been observed in actual conversations. It is known by conventional researchers that Japanese native speakers tend to display UPTALKs at the conjunctive particles and the UPTALKs at the conjunctive particles seem to have more conscious meaning. Therefore, if Korean learners` UPTALKs are not present at the conjunctive particles, such would support the hypothesis that Korean learners` UPTALK is a simple language behavior influenced by their non-accent language and not a conscious language behavior. My previous research (Kitano 2015), provided evidence that Seoul dialect speakers`UPTALK is a language behavior influenced by their non-accent language but not a conscious language behavior. However, the analysis for that research, was conducted using different sample language for each participant, which may have led to inaccurate results. In order to complement previous findings, additional research was conducted using the same sample language for each participant. The results of this additional analysis shows clear differences between Korean first language Japanese learners and Japanese native speakers` use of UPTALKs`. Korean learners of Japanese show UPTALKs at the case-marking particles, while Japanese native speakers, especially young female, show their UPTALKs at the conjunctive particles. Such supports the hypothesis that Korean learners` UPTALK is a only language behavior influenced by their non-accent mother language but not a conscious language behavior.

Denudation of the Distal Esophageal Mucosa for Prevention of Recurrence of Esophageal Varices

Kitano, Seigo 대한소화기내시경학회 1993 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.13 No.1

Psychological Distress Associated with Patient-Reported Outcomes in Preoperative Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

Kitano Tomoko,Kawakami Mamoru,Ishimoto Yuyu,Teraguchi Masatoshi,Fukui Daisuke,Matsuoka Toshiko,Nakagawa Yukihiro 대한척추외과학회 2021 Asian Spine Journal Vol.15 No.4

Study DesignCross-sectional study.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of psychotic symptoms such as anxiety and fear in patients undergoing lumbar spinal canal stenosis.Overview of LiteratureRecently, patients with spinal disorders have not only been evaluated objectively for their disease, but also for patient-reported outcomes (PROs) including pain, physical function, and quality of life (PROs). Since depression has been previously associated with surgical outcomes, several studies have indicated that psychological problems may worsen the effects of pain and make treatment increasingly difficult.MethodsA questionnaire survey was conducted on 346 lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) patients who visited our hospital from 2010 to 2016. The content of the questionnaire included questions on PROs (Japanese Orthopedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire [JOABPEQ], Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire, Japanese version [RDQ], and Zurich Claudication Questionnaire [ZCQ]) and psychological evaluation (Self-rating Questionnaire of Depression, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale-20 [PASS-20], Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Brief Scale for Psychiatric Problems in Orthopedic Patients). IBM SPSS Statistics (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was used for statistical analysis and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney U-test, and multiple regression analysis were also performed.ResultsNo significant correlations were found between psychological factors and PROs (r>0.4). However, patients with abnormal scores for preoperative psychological items on questionnaires other than the PASS-20 also had lower scores for lumbar spine dysfunction and social life dysfunction on the JOABPEQ subscales along with higher scores for the RDQ, symptom severity and physical function on the ZCQ compared to those with normal psychological scores (p<0.05).ConclusionsPreoperative psychological factors in patients with LSS were associated with their RDQ, JOABEPQ, and ZCQ scores. These results suggest that factors such as catastrophic thoughts on pain, anxiety, depression, and fear that may affect the clinical outcomes in patients with LSS should be evaluated before surgery to facilitate psychological interventions.

Analysis of the Provision of the Early Childhood Services : A Comparative and Experimental Study of an Under-populated and an Urban Area in Japan

Sachiko Kitano,Jun Uda 육아정책연구소 2007 International Journal of Child Care and Education Vol.1 No.1

Early childhood care and education are not separate issues, but must be considered holistically. The Japanese government started to accredit and promote integrated institutions called Kodomo-en. In order to make political decisions to locate institutions, the provision of the services in local areas needs to be examined. The present study reports the results of experimental and comparative research analyzing how the services are distributed in Akiotacho (an under-populated, intermediate and mountainous area) and Hakataku (an urban area) in Japan. Using a spatial information system, information about the location of the institutions, the distribution maps of the 0-5 year-old population, and characteristics of services provided were computerized. The results made it clear that in Akiotacho, the biggest problem for services was accessibility; the opportunity to get services in convenience. In Hakataku, the main problem was the limited nature of services owing to density of population. In addition, though there are many institutions in Hakataku, it was made clear that the characteristics of services provided in the area are limited even compared to Akiotacho. Our study suggests that more policy studies should be promoted specially dealing with integration and that aspects from local should be promoted.

한국인 일본어학습자의 어미 악센트 상승에 관한 고찰 -북관동 지방 사투리와의 차이점을 중심으로-

키타노타카시 ( Kitano Takashi ) 한국일어일문학회 2015 日語日文學硏究 Vol.94 No.1

일본어를 학습하는데 있어서 정통의 일본어와 같은 자연스러운 인토네이션이나 악센트의 습득은 불가결하지만, 현실적으로 교육의 장 안에서는 여러가지 제약으로 인해 충분히 발음 지도를 하고 있다고는 말하기 어려운 것이 사실이다. 특히 한국인 학습자는 어미의 상승 인토네이션 이른바 어미 상승 현상이 생기기 쉽다는 것이 선행 연구에 의해서 지적되고 있다. 기존 연구는 그 원인을 모어로 하는 무악센트 언어인 서울방언의 강한 영향이라고 지적 하지만 일본어 모어를 말하는 사람의 말투를 모방하고 있다고 할 가능성도 생각할 수 있다. 그러한 요인을 명확하게 하기 위해 같은 무악센트 언어인 북관동지방 방언과의 비교를 실시하여 어미 상승 현상이 출현하는 품사, 그 중에서도 조사의 종류에 주목하고 검증을 실시했다. 그 결과, 일본어 모어화자는 접속조사와의 공기가 빈번히 관찰되는 것과는 대조적으로 한국어 모어화자는 격조사와의 공기가 많았다. 이처럼 양자의 출현경향에는 명확한 차이가 보여 한국인 학습자의 어미상승은 일본어 모어화자의 모방에 의한 의식적인 언어 행동이 아닌 모어의 영향을 강하게 받은 무의식적 현상의 발현인 것이 분명해졌다. 또한 이 결과를 토대로, 일본어를 모어로 하는 일본어교육 종사자와 한국어를 모어로 하는 일본어교육 종사자 사이에 어미상승현상의 지각인식에 어떠한 차이가 있는지에 대한 조사를 진행하였다. 그 결과, 양측의 지각인식에는 큰 차이는 없었지만 어미상승현상을 교정해야 하는 문제점으로 인식하고 있는지에 대해서는 서로다른 양상을 확인할 수 있었다. It is necessary for Korean learners of Japanese to acquire natural intonation and accents. However, owing to limitations in actual educational settings, researchers have been unable to ascertain firm conclusions concerning the sources of Korean native-speakers’ Japanese language “UPTALK” performances existing at the end of their words. Although some researches have shown that their UPTALK is not a conscious language behavior and simply influenced by their mother language, it also appears that Korean learners imitate native Japanese speakers’ UPTALK behavior. In order to clarify that which influences Korean learners’ UPTALK, this study examines similarities and differences between Korean learners’ Japanese language performances and Northern-Kanto dialect speakers. In comparing language behaviors between these two groups of Japanese language speakers, in particular the post-positional particles, the results show clear differences providing evidence that Korean learners’ UPTALK is a language behavior influenced by their mother language but not a conscious language behavior. Focusing the comparison of language behaviors on the co-occurrence of the post-positional particles, the results show clear differences. Korean learners show UPTALKs at the case-marking particles and Japanese native speakers show UPTALKs at the conjunctive particles. Because the UPTALKs at the conjunctive particles have more conscious meaning, such differences provide evidence that Korean learners’ UPTALK is a language behavior influenced by their mother language but not a conscious language behavior. If their UPTALK is in imitation of Japanese speakers, it is not a serious problem because they can control their language behavior, but if their UPTALK is not conscious language behavior but from mother tongue language interference, the issue should be addressed by teachers in educational settings. In addition to examining influences of UPTALK, this study also examines Japanese language teachers’ perceptions of learners’ UPTALK through blind listening tests.

Static model simulation for routine mumps vaccination in Japan: with a result of mumps-related complications in a Japanese community hospital

Taito Kitano,Masayuki Onaka,Mariko Ishihara,Atsuko Nishiyama,Naoki Hashimoto,Sayaka Yoshida 대한백신학회 2017 Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research Vol.6 No.2

Purpose: Mumps vaccine has not been included in the routine national immunization program in Japan, leading to low vaccine coverage rates and periodic epidemics approximately every 5 years. Our hospital (a secondary community hospital in Japan) experienced an increased number of mumps-related complications with a nationwide epidemic in 2016. Using previously reported data and mumps-related cases in our hospital, we estimated the cost-effectiveness of routine mumps vaccination in Japan with a static model using current epidemiologic data. Materials and Methods: With a decision tree flowchart of mumps infection and adverse events, we estimated the burden of mumps-related complications in our hospital for 5 years, and calculated the current annual national burden. Finally, we compared the current burden and assumptive burden of the stable state after routine vaccination in Japan using a static model. Results: The cost-benefit ratios with sensitivity analysis were 3.69 (1.08-9.52) and 6.84 (1.51-23.73) in independent inoculation and simultaneous inoculation, respectively, from a social perspective in addition to an annual gain of 9,487 (3,227-14,659) quality adjusted life years. Conclusion: We contributed additional evidence in terms of cost-effectiveness that routine mumps vaccination should be introduced in Japan with simultaneous inoculation.

Presidential Invited Address 1, 2, 3, 4 : Presidential Invited Address 3 ; Building Children`s Sense of Trustworthiness towards Empathy and Social Morality

( Sachiko Kitano ) 한국유아교육학회 2014 정기학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.1

English as a foreign language in early childhood care and education in Japan: Policy and pedagogy

Sachiko Kitano 환태평양유아교육연구학회 2008 Asia-Pacific journal of research in early childhoo Vol.2 No.1

This paper gives an overview of English education policy and practice for young children in Japan. Recently, a strong need for English education has emerged and changes have been made at the elementary school levels. English education has not yet been regulated, however, in early childhood education. This study investigates English education for young children in Japanese preschool settings, in lessons for preschoolers provided outside of preschool, and in English preschools. The results show that English lessons are offered more widely at private institutions than in public, and a strong commercial involvement that makes English education hard to access for families with fewer economic resources and families with two working parents. The results also revealed issues of quality in instructional method and in teachers' skills. Although there is a wide gap in opportunities to learn English from an early age, the result in English knowledge and skill in latter education level do not yet differ. More practical research and policy studies are needed to provide equal educational opportunities and also methodologically and professionally appropriate English education for young Japanese children.

Phosphodiesterase 4 mRNA Level Suppression is Important for Extract of Black Carrot to Protect Against Hepatic Injury Induced by Ethanol

Atsuko Kitano,Toshio Norikura,Isao Matsui-Yuasa,Hiromi Shimakawa,Makoto Kamezawa,Akiko Kojima-Yuasa 한국식품영양과학회 2022 Journal of medicinal food Vol.25 No.10

Excessive alcohol use often results in alcoholic liver disease (ALD). An early change in the liver due to excessive drinking is hepatic steatosis, which may ultimately progress to hepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Among these debilitating processes, hepatic steatosis is reversible with the appropriate treatment. Therefore, it is important to find treatments and foods that reverse hepatic steatosis. Black carrot has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of black carrot extract (BCE) on hepatic steatosis in in vivo and in vitro ethanol-induced liver injury models. For the in vivo experiments, serum aminotransferase activities enhanced by ethanol- and carbon tetrachloride were significantly suppressed by the BCE diet. Furthermore, morphological changes in the liver hepatic steatosis and fibrosis were observed in the in vivo ethanol-induced liver injury model, however, BCE feeding resulted in the recovery to an almost normal liver morphology. In the in vitro experiments, ethanol treatment induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in hepatocytes at 9 h. Conversely, ROS production was suppressed to control levels and hepatic steatosis was suppressed when hepatocyte culture with ethanol were treated with BCE. Furthermore, we investigated enzyme activities, enzyme protein levels, and messenger RNA levels of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), cytochrome p450 2E1 (CYP2E1), and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) using enzyme assays, western blot, and quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analyses. We found that the activities of ADH, CYP2E1, and ALDH were regulated through the cAMP-PKA pathway at different levels, namely, translational, posttranslational, and transcriptional levels, respectively. The most interesting finding of this study is that BCE increases cAMP levels by suppressing the Pde4b mRNA and PDE4b protein levels in ethanol-treated hepatocytes, suggesting that BCE may prevent ALD.