Robotic Surgery Towards the 21st Century

Kitajima,Masaki 인제대학교 1999 仁濟醫學 Vol.20 No.1

Novel Challenges in Minimally Invasive Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancers

Kitajima Masaki 대한외과학회 1999 대한외과학회 학술대회 초록집 Vol.1999 No.11

Robotic Surgery Towards the 21st Century

Kitajima, Masaki 인제대학교 1999 仁濟醫學 Vol.20 No.1S

Laparoscopic surgery has been developed rapidly in recent years all over the world. Its indication has been enlarged with the rapid advancement and development of optical system, disposable devices and other operative. instruments. For example, in our institute, we have performed more than 2,600 laparoscopic curative surgery for more than 30 different procedures since 1990. Even lapatoscopic curative surgery for malignancy have been performed for more than 350 patients with early gastric cancer. colo-rectal cancer, esophageal cancer and liver malignancy with satisfactory results. However, complicated procedure in laparoscopic surgery such as suturing and knot tying is still difficult for general surgeons, and this fact prevents its further popularization and the further extension of its indication. In the 21st century, a variety of high-technologies such as robotics, high definition imaging with 3-D, virtual reality system for training and tele-educational system, are expected to assist and support endoscopic surgery to make it much easier and safer.

Cosmological abundance of the QCD axion coupled to hidden photons

Kitajima, Naoya,Sekiguchi, Toyokazu,Takahashi, Fuminobu North-Holland Pub. Co 2018 Physics letters. Section B Vol.781 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We study the cosmological evolution of the QCD axion coupled to hidden photons. For a moderately strong coupling, the motion of the axion field leads to an explosive production of hidden photons by tachyonic instability. We use lattice simulations to evaluate the cosmological abundance of the QCD axion. In doing so, we incorporate the backreaction of the produced hidden photons on the axion dynamics, which becomes significant in the non-linear regime. We find that the axion abundance is suppressed by at most O ( <SUP> 10 2 </SUP> ) for the decay constant <SUB> f a </SUB> = <SUP> 10 16 </SUP> GeV , compared to the case without the coupling. For a sufficiently large coupling, the motion of the QCD axion becomes strongly damped, and as a result, the axion abundance is enhanced. Our results show that the cosmological upper bound on the axion decay constant can be relaxed by a few hundred for a certain range of the coupling to hidden photons.</P>

日本近世社会における大同思想に関する研究

北島義信(Kitajima Gishin) 원광대학교 종교문제연구소 2016 한국종교 Vol.39 No.-

동아시아 근대에서 일본은 식민지주의·제국주의를 내포하는 서구형 ‘국민국가’ 형성의 길을 걸었다. 메이지유신 후의 일본은 동아시아 지역에서의 식민주의·제국주의적 전개에서 ‘주역’ 역할을 수행하고, ‘근대화’라는 이름하에 국내에서의 반대세력을 압살하면서 이웃나라 지배를 구체적으로 추진해 나갔다. 이러한 정치적 정세 하에 ‘오리엔탈리즘’도 그 사상적 영향력을 확대시켜 나갔다. 그 결과 일본에서는 자립과 저항, 아시아 연대사상으로서의 ‘대동사상’은 구축되지 못했다. 그러나 그렇다고 해서 일본에 ‘대동사상’이 전혀 존재하지 않았던 것은 아니다. 근세 18세기 중엽에 봉건주의적 지배에 저항하는 사상가로서의 안도 쇼에키(安藤昌益)에게서 그 사상의 발로를 볼 수 있다. 안도 쇼에키 사상의 독자성은 현실사회를 진실한 사회(자연세)로 나아가는 과도기로 파악하고, 그 사회를 자연법칙과 합치된 이상사회로 변혁시키는 가능성을 밝힌 ‘자연활진세(自然活眞世) 부합론’과 이 이론을 지탱하는 ‘호성묘도(互性妙道)’ 개념에 있다. 쇼에키가 그린 ‘진실한 사회’는 예기「예운」편에 나오는 이상사회를 의미하는 ‘대동’사회와 지극히 유사하다. 또한 ‘호성묘도’ 개념은 상호의존관계, 대립물의 통일, 자기운동, 전화(轉化)의 의미를 내포하고 있고, 이상사회를 실현하는데 있어서 현대적인 비폭력·공생의 방식도 제시하고 있다. 안도 쇼에키는 봉건사회체제와 함께 불교나 중국사상을 신랄하게 비판하고 있지만, 그 비판의 초점은 도쿠가와 막부체제를 옹호하는 이데올로기로서의 ‘중국사상·불교’에 있었다고 보아야 할 것이다. 쇼에키의 개념들을 검토해 보면 중국 사상과 불교의 합리적인 중심개념이 채택되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 그의 사상은 불교·중국사상의 핵심을 제시하고 있을 뿐만 아니라, 한국 근대의 진보적 사상과도 공통항이 존재한다. 또한 그의 사상은 이슬람사상, 아프리카의 우분트사상과도 통하는 글로벌한 폭을 지니고 있다. In Modern East Asia, Japan followed a path to the formation of a Euro-American- style ‘nation state’ combined with colonialism and imperialism. After the Meiji Restoration, Japan played a protagonist role in the development of colonialism and imperialism in the East Asian region, and did its best to dominate neighboring countries, suppressing domestic resistances under the name of ‘Modernization’. In this political climate, ‘Orientalism’ had spread its ideological influence over the Japanese people. As a result, it was impossible to develop the Datong Thought(大同思想)that had been encouraging anti-colonialist movements in East Asia. However, it doesn’t necessarily follow that no such thought could flourish in Japan. We are able to find it in Shizen Shineido (自然真営道)by Ando Shoeki.(安藤昌益). The uniqueness of his thought consists in the theory of the Transitional Period through which present class society is destined to change into the True Society, and also in the concept of Gosei-Myoudo (互性妙道) which constitutes the bases of his theory. The True Society (自然の世,Shizen no Yo) in Ando Shoueki is very similar to the ideal society depicted in ‘Liyun’ of the Book of Rites(Liji)(礼記「礼運」). As for the concept of Gosei-Myoudo, it contains the meanings of Reciprocity, Reconcilement of Antagonisms, Self-movement, and Change, which suggest ways to deepen the contextual meanings of Nonviolence and Coexistence in the contemporary world. Ando Shoeki leveled caustic criticism at Buddhist and Chinese thought as well as at Japanese Tokugawa Feudalism. However, his main focus of criticism was the Buddhist and Chinese ideology that had supported the Tokugawa system. It is nevertheless clear from an analysis of his concepts that he accepted core ideas from Buddhist and Chinese thought. In fact, he had a global perspective in his thought, which has many points in common with modern progressive Korean thought, Islamic and African Ubuntu thought, as well as Buddhist and Chinese thinking.

Oscillatory modes generated by Hopf bifurcations in coupled four oscillators

Hiroyuki Kitajima,Hiroshi Kawakami 대한전자공학회 2002 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2002 No.7

Detection Limit of a NaI(Tl) Survey Meter to Measure 131I Accumulation in Thyroid Glands of Children after a Nuclear Power Plant Accident

Takahiro Kitajima,Michiaki Kai 대한방사선방어학회 2023 방사선방어학회지 Vol.48 No.3

Background: This study examined the detection limit of thyroid screening monitoring conducted at the time of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident in 2011 using a Monte Carlo simulation. Materials and Methods: We calculated the detection limit of a NaI(Tl) survey meter to measure 131I accumulation in the thyroid gland of children. Mathematical phantoms of 1- and 5-year-old children were developed in the simulation of the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System code. Contamination of the body surface with eight radionuclides found after the FDNPP accident was assumed to have been deposited on the neck and shoulder area. Results and Discussion: The detection limit was calculated as a function of ambient dose rate. In the case of 40 Bq/cm2 contamination on the body surface of the neck, the present simulations showed that residual thyroid radioactivity corresponding to thyroid dose of 100 mSv can be detected within 21 days after intake at the ambient dose rate of 0.2 μSv/hr and within 11 days in the case of 2.0 μSv/hr. When a time constant of 10 seconds was used at the dose rate of 0.2 μSv/hr, the estimated survey meter output error was 5%. Evaluation of the effect of individual differences in the location of the thyroid gland confirmed that the measured value would decrease by approximately 6% for a height difference of ±1 cm and increase by approximately 65% for a depth of 1 cm. Conclusion: In the event of a nuclear disaster, simple measurements carried out using a NaI(Tl) scintillation survey meter remain effective for assessing 131I intake. However, it should be noted that the presence of short-half-life radioactive materials on the body surface affects the detection limit.

Minimal Invasion Surgery and Current Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer in Japan

Masaki Kitajima 대한종양외과학회 2006 대한임상종양학회 학술대회지 Vol.2006 No.4

A new compound sensor for optical, electrical and ultrasonic measurements in the liquid

Takayuki Kitajima,Akira Kimoto 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8

In this paper, a compound sensor is proposed for the measurement of ingredient concentration in liquid. In the proposed sensor, the optical property is measured by a light emitting diode (LED) and a phototransistor. In addition, the electrical and ultrasonic properties are measured by PVDF(Polyvinylidene Fluoride) films, which each electrode is constructed by the transparent conductive electrode (ITO electrode), arranged on the surfaces of the LED and phototransistor. In the experiment, the liquid with yellow color, ethanol and NaCl concentrations in distilled water was prepared, and the optical, electrical and ultrasonic properties of the liquid were measured by the proposed sensor. The result suggested that it was possible to measure three kinds of concentrations in the liquid by using the proposed sensor.

Membrane Microdomains as a Platform of Carbohydrate-mediated Cell-cell Interactions during Gastrulation

Ken Kitajima 한국당과학회 2009 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.1

It has been shown that membrane microdomains (or rafts) are important as a hot spot for signal transduction. However, little attention has been paid to the fact that glycan chains are enriched in the microdomains. We have recently proposed a hypothesis that the microdomains are involved in the protein- and glycan-mediated cell adhesion and the subsequent signal transduction, and have demonstrated it in sperm-egg interactions at fertilization of sea urchin [1-3] To extend this hypothesis in early embryogenesis, we have studied on microdomains in developing embryos of medaka fish, Oryziaslatipes. Here wes how several lines of evidence supporting our hypothesis: (i) The micro domains prepared from early gastrula embryos were rich in cholesterol and sphingomyelin, and contained E-cadherin and LeX-glycan-containing glycoproteins (LeX-gp) and glycolipids (LeX-gsl), together with transducer proteins like c-Srckinase. The LeX-glycans and E-cadherin are known to be involved in morula compaction (tight cell adhesion) in mouse; (ii) Disruption of the microdomains of early gastrula embryos by treatment with methyl-b-cyclodextrin (MBCD) or C2-ceramide, impaired epiboly, the first cell migration event that occurs during gastrulation process. The most typical phenotype of the microdomain-disrupted embryo was detachment of blastodermal cells. Interestingly, the MBCD-induced disruption of microdomains and the epiboly impairment were restored when cholesterol was added back to the embryos. Thus, microdomain formation is critical in epiboly [4]; (iii) The isolated microdomains could bind to the microdomains in the presence of Ca2+ in LeX-glycan- and E-cadherin-dependent manners. These results suggest that the microdomain formation is important in the protein- and carbohydrate-mediated cell-cell interactions.