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Overgenerated be from Topic Marker to Verbal Inflection
Kitaek Kim 서울대학교 2011 외국어교육연구 Vol.14 No.-
This study explores the morpho-syntactic properties of the ‘overgenerated be’ that appears between a subject and a thematic verb (e.g., she is go home) produced by Korean-speaking English learners, and discusses how the overgenerated be reflects L2 inflection development. I argue that the overgenerated be initially functions as a topic marker, but then develops into a verbal inflection. A total of 377 writings of 23 first-year Korean middle school students were examined for the study. The students were divided into three groups based on their English proficiency. The overgenerated be was found mostly in the two lowest proficiency groups: the lowest proficiency group used the overgenerated be as a topic marker, while the medium proficiency group used the ‘overgenerated be’ as a verbal inflection to mark tense.
L1 Korean Transfer in Processing L2 English Passive Sentences
Kitaek Kim 한국응용언어학회 2013 응용 언어학 Vol.29 No.4
This study shows transfer of L1 Korean properties in processing L2 English passive sentences online. There are some verbs in Korean that do not carry passive meaning, and I hypothesized that if L1 feeds L2 processing, Korean learners of L2 English would process slowly on the English passive sentences with the verbs. An online self-paced reading task was conducted with 75 Korean learners of L2 English and 13 native English controls. The 75 Korean participants were divided into three groups of English proficiency. The results demonstrate that lower-level Korean L2ers of English showed slowdown in reading and answering comprehension questions for English passive sentences when the English verbs in them do not carry passive meaning in Korean.
Acquisition of the Third Person Singular -s by L1- Korean Adult/Child Learners of English
Kitaek Kim 한국응용언어학회 2017 응용 언어학 Vol.33 No.1
This study explores whether children have an advantage over adults in learning second language (L2) inflectional morphology. L2 theories such as the Fundamental Difference Hypothesis and the Less Is More Hypothesis would predict that children have an advantage over adults in the acquisition of L2 inflectional morphology. The study focuses on the English third person singular -s, which is notoriously difficult for L2 speakers to acquire. Korean adult (n = 51) and child (n = 40) L2 learners completed a picturenarration task designed to assess their implicit knowledge of the target morpheme. The analysis found no difference in the performances of proficiency-matching children and adults, contra the Fundamental Difference Hypothesis and the Less Is More Hypothesis.
Who Needs What Aspects of L2 English to What Levels of Proficiency?
Kitaek Kim,Hyun-Kwon Yang,Minchang Sung 서울대학교 2013 외국어교육연구 Vol.16 No.-
This paper explores who needs what aspects of L2 English to what levels of proficiency, focusing on college English curriculum development in Korea. A survey was conducted of 532 college students in Seoul. Grounded that career is one of the most important motives for EFL learning, the participants were divided into seven groups based on their desired careers. The results show that the types of desired careers of the participants are highly correlative with the strength and weakness of their need for learning English, the kinds of English skills they want to learn, and the levels of English proficiency they hope to achieve.
Characterizing Viscoelastic Property of Soft Tissue Over the Hip as a Risk Factor of Pressure Ulcer
Kitaek Lim,Seung-su Kim,Woochol Joseph Choi 한국전문물리치료학회 2021 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.28 No.1
Background: A pressure ulcer is common in soft tissue over the greater trochanter (GT) in side-lying position, and sustained tissue deformation induced by the prolonged external force is a primary cause, which can be discussed with soft tissues’ viscoelastic properties (i.e., stress relaxation, creep response). Objects: Using an automated hand-held indentation device, we measured the viscoelastic properties of soft tissue over the hip area, in order to examine how the properties are affected by site with respect to the GT. Methods: Twenty participants (15 males and 5 females) who aged from 21 to 32 were participated. An automated hand-held indentation device was used to measure the stress relaxation time and creep response. Trials were acquired for three different locations with respect to the GT (i.e., right over the GT, 6 cm anterior or posterior to the GT). For each location, five trials were acquired and averaged for data analyses. Results: Soft tissues’ stress relaxation time and creep response were associated with site (F = 23.98, p < 0.005; F = 24.09, p < 0.005; respectively). The stress relaxation time was greatest at posterior gluteal region (19.22 ± 2.49 ms), and followed by anterior region (15.39 ± 2.47 ms) and right over the GT (14.40 ± 3.18 ms). Similarly, creep response was greatest at posterior gluteal region (1.16 ± 0.14), and followed by anterior region (0.95 ± 0.14) and right over the GT (0.89 ± 0.18). Conclusion: Our results showed that the stress relaxation and creep were greatest at the posterior gluteal region and least at right over the GT, indicating that the gluteal soft tissue is more protective to the prolonged external force, when compared to the trochanteric soft tissue. The results suggest that a risk of pressure ulcer over the GT may decrease with slightly posteriorly rotated side-lying position.
Kitaek Lim,Woochol Joseph Choi 한국전문물리치료학회 2021 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.28 No.2
Background: Only 2% of falls in older adults result in serious injuries (i.e., hip fracture). Therefore, it is important to differentiate injurious versus non-injurious falls, which is critical to develop effective interventions for injury prevention. Objects: The purpose of this study was to a. extract the best features of surface electromy-ography (sEMG) for classification of injurious falls, and b. find a best model provided by data mining techniques using the extracted features.Methods: Twenty young adults self-initiated falls and landed sideways. Falling trials were consisted of three initial fall directions (forward, sideways, or backward) and three knee po-sitions at the time of hip impact (the impacting-side knee contacted the other knee (“knee together”) or the mat (“knee on mat”), or neither the other knee nor the mat was contacted by the impacting-side knee (“free knee”). Falls involved “backward initial fall direction” or “free knee” were defined as “injurious falls” as suggested from previous studies. Nine features were extracted from sEMG signals of four hip muscles during a fall, including integral of absolute value (IAV), Wilson amplitude (WAMP), zero crossing (ZC), number of turns (NT), mean of am-plitude (MA), root mean square (RMS), average amplitude change (AAC), difference absolute standard deviation value (DASDV). The decision tree and support vector machine (SVM) were used to classify the injurious falls. Results: For the initial fall direction, accuracy of the best model (SVM with a DASDV) was 48%. For the knee position, accuracy of the best model (SVM with an AAC) was 49%. Further-more, there was no model that has sensitivity and specificity of 80% or greater.Conclusion: Our results suggest that the classification model built upon the sEMG features of the four hip muscles are not effective to classify injurious falls. Future studies should con-sider other data mining techniques with different muscles.