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祈りから繼承へ、平和モニュメントの役割の變容―廣島平和記念公園、舊中島本町のモニュメントをめぐって―
君島彩子 ( Kimishima Ayako ) 동서대학교 일본연구센터 2017 次世代 人文社會硏究 Vol.13 No.-
現在の廣島平和記念公園の北側は、原爆投下以前、中島本町と呼ばれる廣島有數の繁華街であった。本稿は、原爆によって壞滅的な被害をうけた中島本町の舊住民によって建立されたモニュメントを中心に、平和モニュメントの變容を考察したものである。 1956年、中島本町の住民が、原爆犧牲者の供養と中島本町の記憶をとどめるため、町の名前を台座に刻んだ「平和乃觀音」というモニュメントを建立した。觀音像型のモニュメントが建立されたことによって、供養による住民のネットワ一クが繼續した。原爆投下以前の町を地圖として復元する運動が起こると、舊中島本町の住民のネットワ一クが重要な役割をはたした。そして觀音像の周圍に「復元地圖碑」、「原爆死沒者名碑」、「中島本町町民慰靈碑」など、原爆投下當時の中島本町の樣子を詳しく傳えるモニュメントが加えられた。現在まで「平和乃觀音」の前では、法要が續けられ、次世代へと繼承されている。 建立當初、死者のため祈る場を作る佛敎的形象のモニュメントが重要であった。だが時間が經過すると、具體的な情報を傳えるモニュメントが求められるようになった。平和モニュメントは、死者に對する祈りの場をつくることが重要視されるが、時間經過の中で、「祈り」が「記憶の繼承」の中に位置づけられる。つまり平和モニュメントに求められる役割は時間經過の中で重層的に變容するのである。 Before the atomic bomb was dropped in 1945, a prominent business district known as Nakajima-hon-machi was located in the northern part of Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park, which consisted of several downtowns. In this article we will consider the process of shift in the role of the Peace Monument through time by primarily focusing on the monument built by the former residents of Nakajima-hon-machi who suffered damage from the devastating atomic bombing. In 1956, the residents of Nakajima-hon-machi built a monument named “Peace Kannon” in the shape of a pedestal with the name of the city carved on it, in order to keep the memories of Nakajima-hon-machi and to mourn its inhabitants perished from the atomic bomb. The network of residents has remained active due to the memorial services that have been held as a result of the construction of the Peace Kannon. In 1966, when the movement for restoration of according tothe old city map took place, the network of former residents of Nakajima-hon-machi played an important role in that process. In addition, several monuments conveying the essence of Nakajima-hon-machi such as the Map Restoration Monument and the Atomic Bomb Victims Memorial were built. Buddhist monuments were important at the time when construction began for creating a place to pray. However, as time passed, monuments carrying specific information came into demand. With the addition of multiple monuments, the Kannon statue where the former residents of Nakashimoto-machi devote their prayers was placed in the center of the former town, telling the truth of the atomic disaster to the people visiting the Peace Memorial Park. Peace monuments are regarded as emphasizing “a space of prayer” for the perished, but as time passes “prayers” penetrate into “succession of memories”. In other words, the roles required for peace monuments change in a multilayered manner over time.
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