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Kim, A.,Avakian, H.,Burkert, V.,Joo, K.,Kim, W.,Adhikari, K.P.,Akbar, Z.,Anefalos Pereira, S.,Badui, R.A.,Battaglieri, M.,Batourine, V.,Bedlinskiy, I.,Biselli, A.S.,Boiarinov, S.,Bosted, P.,Briscoe, W North-Holland Pub. Co 2017 Physics letters. Section B Vol.768 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The target and double spin asymmetries of the exclusive pseudoscalar channel e → p → → e p <SUP> π 0 </SUP> were measured for the first time in the deep-inelastic regime using a longitudinally polarized 5.9 GeV electron beam and a longitudinally polarized proton target at Jefferson Lab with the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS). The data were collected over a large kinematic phase space and divided into 110 four-dimensional bins of <SUP> Q 2 </SUP> , <SUB> x B </SUB> , −<I>t</I> and <I>ϕ</I>. Large values of asymmetry moments clearly indicate a substantial contribution to the polarized structure functions from transverse virtual photon amplitudes. The interpretation of experimental data in terms of generalized parton distributions (GPDs) provides the first insight on the chiral-odd GPDs <SUB> H ˜ T </SUB> and <SUB> E T </SUB> , and complement previous measurements of unpolarized structure functions sensitive to the GPDs <SUB> H T </SUB> and <SUB> E ¯ T </SUB> . These data provide a crucial input for parametrizations of essentially unknown chiral-odd GPDs and will strongly influence existing theoretical calculations based on the handbag formalism.</P>
Kim, A.,Nam, Y. J.,Lee, M. S.,Shin, Y. K.,Sohn, D. S.,Lee, C. S. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Neurochem Res Vol.41 No.11
<P>Impairment of proteasomal function has been shown to be implicated in neuronal cell degeneration. The compounds which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities appear to provide a neuroprotective effect. Flavone apigenin is known to exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Nevertheless, the effect of apigenin on the proteasome inhibition-induced neuronal apoptosis has not been studied. Therefore, we assessed the effect of apigenin on the proteasome inhibition-induced apoptotic neuronal cell death using differentiated PC12 cells and human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Apigenin attenuated the proteasome inhibitors (MG132 and MG115)-induced decrease in the levels of Bid and Bcl-2, increase in the levels of Bax and p53, loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, release of cytochrome c, activation of caspases (-8, -9 and -3), cleavage of PARP-1 and cell death in both cell lines. Apigenin attenuated the production of reactive oxygen species, the depletion and oxidation of glutathione, the formations of malondialdehyde and carbonyls in cell lines treated with proteasome inhibitors. The results show that apigenin appears to attenuate the proteasome inhibitor-induced apoptosis in differentiated PC12 cells and SH-SY5Y cells by suppressing the activation of the mitochondrial pathway, and of the caspase-8- and Bid-dependent pathways. The inhibitory effect of apigenin on the proteasome inhibitor-induced apoptosis appears to be attributed to the suppressive effect on the production of reactive oxygen species, the depletion and oxidation of glutathione and the formations of malondialdehyde and carbonyls.</P>
Kim, A.,Lim, J.W.,Kim, H.,Kim, H. Pergamon Press 2016 Nutrition research Vol.36 No.5
<P>Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori associated gastric ulceration and carcinogenesis. The oxidant-sensitive transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kappa B), regulates expression of inflammatory mediators such as interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX -2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). These inflammatory mediators increased in gastric mucosal tissues from patients infected with H pylori. Angelica keiskei (AK), a green leafy vegetable, is rich in carotenoids and flavonoids and shows antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, we hypothesized that AK may protect the gastric mucosa of H pylori infected mice against inflammation. We determined lipid peroxide abundance, myeloperoxidase activity, expression levels of inflammatory mediators (IFN-gamma, COX-2, and iNOS), NF-kappa B-DNA binding activity, and histologic changes in gastric mucosal tissues. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine served as the positive control treatment. Supplementation with AK suppressed increases in lipid peroxide abundance, myeloperoxidase activity, induction of inflammatory mediators (IFN-gamma, COX -2, and iNOS), activation of NF-kappa B, and degradation of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor a in gastric mucosal tissue from H pylori infected mice. Inhibition of H pylori induced alterations by AK was similar to that by N-acetylcysteine. Taken together, these results suggest that supplementation with AK may prevent H pylori induced gastric inflammation by inhibiting NF-kappa B mediated induction of inflammatory mediators in the gastric mucosa of patients infected with H pylori. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</P>
Caspase-3 activation as a key factor for HBx-transformed cell death
Kim, A.,Kwon, O. S.,Kim, S. O.,He, L.,Bae, E. Y.,Lee, M. S.,Jeong, S. J.,Shim, J. H.,Yoon, D. Y.,Kim, C. H.,Moon, A.,Kim, K. E.,Ahn, J. S.,Kim, B. Y. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2008 Cell proliferation Vol.41 No.5
<P>Abstract. </P><P><I>Objectives</I>: Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-&kgr;B) activation has been associated with the tumorigenic growth of hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx)-transformed cells. This study was aimed to find a key target for treatment of HBx-mediated cancers. <I>Materials and methods</I>: NF-&kgr;B activation, endoplasmic reticulum-stress (ER-stress), caspase-3 activation, and cell proliferation were evaluated after Chang/HBx cells permanently expressing HBx viral protein were treated with inhibitors of NF-&kgr;B, proteasome and DNA topoisomerase. <I>Results</I>: Inhibition of NF-&kgr;B transcriptional activity by transient transfection with mutant plasmids encoding Akt1 and glycogen synthase kinase-3&bgr; (GSK-3&bgr;), or by treatment with chemical inhibitors, wortmannin and LY294002, showed little effect on the survival of Chang/HBx cells. Furthermore, I&kgr;Bα (S32/36A) mutant plasmid or other NF-&kgr;B inhibitors, 1-pyrrolidinecarbonidithioic acid and sulphasalazine, were also shown to have little effect on the cell proliferation. By contrast, proteasome inhibitor-1 (Pro1) and MG132 enhanced the HBx-induced ER-stress response and the subsequent activation of caspase-12, -9 and -3 and reduced cell proliferation. Camptothecin (CPT), however, triggered activation of caspase-3 without induction of caspase-12, and reduced cell proliferation. In addition, CPT-induced cell death was reversed by pre-treatment with z-DEVD, a caspase-3-specific inhibitor. <I>Conclusions</I>: Detailed exploitation of the regulators of caspase-3 activation could open the gate for finding an efficient target for development of anticancer therapeutics against HBx-transformed hepatocellular carcinoma.</P>
Kim, A.,Lee, J.Y.,Byun, S.J.,Kwon, M.H.,Kim, Y.S. Elsevier/North-Holland 2012 Antiviral research Vol.94 No.2
Influenza A virus infection is a great threat to avian species and humans. Targeting viral proteins by antibody has a limited success due to the antigen drift and shift. Here we present a novel antibody-based antiviral strategy of targeting viral genomic RNA (vRNA) for degradation rather than neutralizing viral proteins. Based on the template of a sequence-nonspecific nucleic acid-hydrolyzing, single domain antibody of the light chain variable domain, 3D8 VL, we generated a synthetic library on the yeast surface by randomizing putative nucleic acid interacting residues. To target nucleocapsid protein (NP)-encoding viral genomic RNA (NP-vRNA) of H9N2 influenza virus, the library was screened against a 18-nucleotide single stranded nucleic acid substrate, dubbed asNP<SUB>18</SUB>, the sequence of which is unique to the NP-vRNA. We isolated a 3D8 VL variant, NP25, that had ~15-fold higher affinity (~54nM) and ~3-fold greater selective hydrolyzing activity for the target substrate than for off targets. In contrast to 3D8 VL WT, asNP<SUB>18</SUB>-selective NP25 constitutively expressed in the cytosol of human lung carcinoma A549 cells does not exhibit any significant cytotoxicity and selectively degrades a reporter mRNA carrying the target asNP<SUB>18</SUB> sequence in the stable cell lines. NP25 more potently inhibits the replication of H9N2 influenza virus than 3D8 VL WT in the stable cell lines. NP25 more selectively reduces the amount of the targeted NP-vRNA than 3D8 VL WT from the early stage of virus infection in the stable cell lines, without noticeable harmful effects on the endogenous mRNA, suggesting that NP25 indeed more specifically recognizes to hydrolyze the target NP-vRNA of H9N2 virus than off-targets. Our results provide a new strategy of targeting viral genomic RNA for degradation by antibody for the prevention of influenza virus infection in humans and animals.
Kim, A.,Gweon, G. Pergamon 2016 Computers in Human Behavior Vol.62 No.-
Picture sharing activity on social networking sites helps create and maintain social relationships. However, some of these pictures can be undesirable digital traces especially when the person sharing the information (owner) and the person receiving the information (viewer) do not ask the sharing preference of the person who is in the picture (subject). In our exploratory lab study, we asked twenty-nine participants about their picture sharing preference (PSP) towards an owner's act of sharing a photograph containing both the participant (subject) and the owner with a viewer. Our multi-level regression on 5520 data points show that in terms of closeness, a subject feels more comfortable sharing a picture i) as the ''closeness between the subject and the owner (SO closeness)'' increases and ii) as the ''closeness between the subject and the viewer (SV closeness)'' increases. In terms of ownership, a subject feels more comfortable with sharing a picture i) when the picture shows a greater number of people as opposed to a smaller number of people, and ii) when the picture is captured at an event held for the viewer or the owner rather than for the subject. In addition, we observed three types of interaction effects on PSP between the following variables: i) SO closeness and SV closeness, ii) SO closeness and num_people, and iii) both types of closeness and event_posessor.
Synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of hamacanthin B analogues
Kim, A.,Kim, M.J.,Noh, T.H.,Hong, J.,Liu, Y.,Wei, X.,Jung, J.H. Pergamon Press 2016 Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters Vol.26 No.20
Hamacanthins are a class of antibacterial bisindole alkaloids isolated from marine sponges. Based on structure-activity relationships and in silico MRSA PK binding analysis of these bisindole alkaloids, the authors designed new hamacanthin B derivatives and evaluated their antibacterial activities against drug-resistant pathogens. Racemates of the synthetic products were resolved into their enantiomers by chiral separation using a cellulose column, and antibacterial activities were compared. Unsaturation of the central heterocyclic ring structure and bromine substitution at the indole moiety were found to enhance the antibacterial activities of hamacanthin B analogues.
Kim, A.,Lee, H.,Kwon, H. C.,Jung, H.,Park, N. G.,Jeong, S.,Moon, J. Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Nanoscale Vol.8 No.12
<P>We report all-solution-processed transparent conductive electrodes based on Ag nanowire (AgNW)-embedded metal oxide composite films for application in organometal halide perovskite solar cells. To address the thermal instability of Ag nanowires, we used combustive sol-gel derived thin films to construct ZnO/ITO/AgNW/ITO composite structures. The resulting composite configuration effectively prevented the AgNWs from undergoing undesirable side-reactions with halogen ions present in the perovskite precursor solutions that significantly deteriorate the optoelectrical properties of Ag nanowires in transparent conductive films. AgNW-based composite electrodes had a transmittance of similar to 80% at 550 nm and sheet resistance of 18 Omega sq(-1). Perovskite solar cells fabricated using a fully solution-processed transparent conductive electrode, Au/spiro-OMeTAD/CH3NH3PbI3 + m-Al2O3/ZnO/ITO/AgNW/ITO, exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 8.44% (comparable to that of the FTO/glass-based counterpart at 10.81%) and were stable for 30 days in ambient air. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using AgNWs as a transparent bottom electrode in perovskite solar cells produced by a fully printable process.</P>