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팔라듐 촉매를 이용한 Vinylmercuric-chlorides 의 CO 첨가 호모커플링반응
김진일,이광혁,KimJin-Il 김진일,Kwang-Hyek Lee 대한화학회 1989 대한화학회지 Vol.33 No.6
팔라듐 촉매를 이용한 vinylmercuric chlorides의 CO 첨가반응과 커플링반응을 동시에 진행시키는 CO 첨가 호모커플링반응을 실시하여 대칭 디비닐케톤 또는 디비닐 ${\alpha}$-디케톤을 비교적 좋은 수득율로 얻었다. 디비닐케톤과 디비닐 ${\alpha}$-디케톤의 최적 합성조건을 규명하기 위하여 여러가지 vinylmercuric chlorides의 대표적인 모델로서 (E)-styrylmercuric chloride를 선택하여 촉매의 종류 및 그의 양, 염기, 용매 및 반응온도 등의 조건에 따른 수득율의 변화를 조사하였다. 촉매로 10mol%의 dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II), 염기로 등몰의 Pyridine, 10mol%의 요오드 및 10기압의 일산화탄소 존재하에, acetonitrile 용매 중 50${\circ}$C에서 반응시켜 가장 좋은 수득율로 디비닐 ${\alpha}$-디케톤이 얻어졌으며, 상압의 일산화탄소와의 반응에서는 낮은 수득율로 디비닐 ${\alpha}$-디케톤을 얻었다. Symmetrical divinyl ketone or divinyl ${\alpha}$-diketone was synthesized in moderately good yields through palladium catalyzed carbonylative homocoupling reaction of vinylmercuric chlorides with carbon monoxide. In order to find out optimum synthetic reaction conditions, we examined the effect of catalysts, bases, solvents and reaction temperature when (E)-styrylmercuric chloride was used as a typical starting material. The best yield of divinyl ${\alpha}$-diketone was obtained in the reaction using 10 mol% of dichlorobis(triphenyl phosphine)palladium (II) as a catalyst, an equivalent of pyridine as a base, 10 mol% of iodine and acetonitrile at 50${\circ}$C under 10 atmospheric pressure of carbon monoxide. The yield of divinyl ${\alpha}$-diketone was decreased under atmospheric pressure of carbon monoxide.
운동역학 : 최적화 기법을 이용한 수직점프 동작중 하지 주요근육의 힘 추정
김기형(KimKy-Hyoung),김진욱(KimJin-Uk),김성일(KimSung-Il),권순욱(KwonSoon-Wook) 한국체육학회 2003 한국체육학회지 Vol.42 No.4
The purpose of this study was to estimate nine major muscle forces of lower extremity, which was conducted by optimization method, during counter-movement jump. For this purpose, five subjects who have not had any leg-related injury were selected and video motion picture method was used to obtain three joint moments which were ankle, knee and hip joint moments on sagittal, frontal and coronal plane, respectively. Calculated joint moments on sagittal plane then were distributed to each nine muscles. Object function used for calculation was to minimize muscle fatigue that was sum of squares of muscle stress. In order to validate the predicted muscle forces, measured IEMG of four muscles(TA, SO, ST, and RF) were utilized. Through the above procedures, following conclusions were made. The dominant muscles that affect the performance through total phase were RF, VA, GLM and So. The predicted muscle forces(Newton/Body Mass) were: mean 67.02, max. 79.42, min. 55.11 for RF, mean 46.39, max 63.75, min. 31.24 for VA, mean 39.26, max. 49.05, min. 27.60 for GLM, and mean 39.12, max. 46.23, min. 34.43 for SO. Based on these findings, specific analyses on functions of nine lower extremity muscles would be made.
Kim, Jin‐,Woo,Jeong, Im‐,Hee,Lee, Kwang‐,Il,Jung, Ui‐,Won,Kim, Chang‐,Sung,Choi, Seong‐,Ho,Cho, Kyoo‐,Sung,Yun, Jeong‐,Ho Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2012 Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A Vol.a100 No.12
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Block‐type biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) carriers are more effective at delivering recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) in various clinical situations than are particle‐type carriers, due to their potential for highly successful three‐dimensional bone regeneration. The aim of this study was to confirm the bone‐regenerative capabilities of three‐dimensional BCP blocks with a low hydroxyapatite/β‐tricalcium phosphate ratio (20/80) combined with collagen (10% wt) as an rhBMP‐2 delivery system in a craniofacial vertical bone augmentation model. BCP blocks and BCP‐collagen blocks (with average macropore sizes of 296 and 390 μm, respectively) with or without rhBMP‐2 were fixed with osteosynthesis screws to the calvarial surface of rabbits. After 8 weeks, histologic and histomorphometric analyses were performed to evaluate the resulting new bone area, augmented area, bone density, and degree of integration. The area of new bone was significantly greater in specimens containing rhBMP‐2 than in the control group (<I>p</I> < 0.05). Moreover, the area fractions of newly formed bone within the augmented area and a degree of integration between the regenerative bone and the calvarium were both significantly greater in the BCP‐collagen/rhBMP‐2 group than in the BCP/rhBMP‐2 group (<I>p</I> < 0.05), whereas the two carrier systems exhibited similar rhBMP‐2 release profiles, with sustained and linear release. The BCP and BCP/rhBMP‐2 blocks exhibited excellent structural integrity, with large fragments of residual ceramic. In conclusion, the BCP‐collagen composite block exhibited enhanced osteoinductive potential and could be a good candidate as a carrier of rhBMP‐2 due to its characteristics of favorable volumetric stability, ease of handling, and excellent remodeling properties. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 100A:3304–3313, 2012.</P>
Numerical Computation for the Comparison of Stern Flows around Various Twin Skegs
Kim, Jin,Park, Il-Ryong,Van, Suak-Ho,Choi, Young-Bok,Park, No-Joon The Society of Naval Architects of Korea 2006 Journal of ship and ocean technology Vol.10 No.2
Numerical analysis of viscous flow around twin-skeg hull forms was conducted according to the variations of distance between skegs and vertical skeg inclinations by using a hydrodynamic analysis system, WAVIS. Six twin-skeg hull forms were derived by combining three distances between skegs (16m, 20m, 24m) and four vertical skeg angles ($0^{\circ},\;10^{\circ},\;15^{\circ},\;20^{\circ}$). It is found that the better resistance performance can be obtained with larger vertical skeg angle and smaller skeg distance for the present test cases. It also can be seen that the same trend is true for the nominal wake distributions in the propeller plane. Those tendencies were confirmed by the experimental results of MOERI. It is shown that numerical analysis can be a useful and practical tool for the evaluation and improvement of hydrodynamic performances for the complex stern hull forms with twin skegs.
Kim, Jin,Kim, Kwang-Soo,Kim, Gun-Do,Park, Il-Ryong,Van, Suak-Ho The Society of Naval Architects of Korea 2006 Journal of ship and ocean technology Vol.10 No.4
The finite volume based multi-block RANS code, WAVIS developed at MOERI is applied to the numerical self-propulsion test. WAVIS uses the cell-centered finite volume method for discretization of the governing equations. The realizable $k-{\epsilon}$ turbulence model with a wall function is employed for the turbulence closure. The free surface is captured with the two-phase level set method and body forces are used to model the effects of a propeller without resolving the detail blade flow. The propeller forces are obtained using an unsteady lifting surface method based on potential flow theory. The numerical procedure followed the self-propulsion model experiment based on the 1978 ITTC performance prediction method. The self-propulsion point is obtained iteratively through balancing the propeller thrust, the ship hull resistance and towing force that is correction for Reynolds number difference between the model and full scale. The unsteady lifting surface code is also iterated until the propeller induced velocity is converged in order to obtain the propeller force. The self-propulsion characteristics such as thrust deduction, wake fraction, propeller efficiency, and hull efficiency are compared with the experimental data of the practical container ship. The present paper shows that hybrid RANS and potential flow based numerical method is promising to predict the self-propulsion parameters of practical ships as a useful tool for the hull form and propeller design.
Calculation of Turbulent Flows around a Submarine for the Prediction of Hydrodynamic Performance
Kim, Jin,Park, Il-Ryong,Van, Suak-Ho,Kim, Wu-Joan The Society of Naval Architects of Korea 2003 Journal of ship and ocean technology Vol.7 No.4
The finite volume based multi-block RANS code, WAVIS developed at KRISO, is used to simulate the turbulent flows around a submarine with the realizable $\textsc{k}-\varepsilon$ turbulence model. RANS methods are verified and validated at the level of validation uncertainty 1.54% of the stagnation pressure coefficient for the solution of the turbulent flows around SUBOFF submarine model without appendages. Another SUBOFF configuration, axisymmetric body with four identical stem appendages, is also computed and validated with the experimental data of the nominal wake and hydrodynamic coefficients. The hydrodynamic forces and moments for SUBOFF model and a practical submarine are predicted at several drift and pitch angles. The computed results are in extremely good agreement with experimental data. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that all the computations at the present study were carried out in a PC and the CPU time required for 2.8 million grids was about 20 hours to get fully converged solution. The current study shows that CFD can be a very useful and cost effective tool for the prediction of the hydrodynamic performance of a submarine in the basic design stage.