Kidney Toxicity Induced by 13 Weeks Exposure to the Fruiting Body of Paecilomyces sinclairii in Rats

Jeong, Mi-Hye,Kim, Young-Won,Min, Jeong-Ran,Kwon, Min,Han, Beom-Suk,Kim, Jeong-Gyu,Jeong, Sang-Hee Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2012 Toxicological Research Vol.28 No.3

Paecilomyces sinclairiis (PS) is known as a functional food or human health supplement. However concerns have been raised about its kidney toxicity. This study was performed to investigate the kidney toxicity of PS by 13 week-oral administration to rats. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and kidney damage biomarkers including beta-2-microglobulin (${\beta}2m$), glutathione S-transferase alpha (GST-${\alpha}$), kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), calbindin, clusterin, cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and osteopontin were measured during or after the treatment of PS. BUN, creatinine and kidney damage biomarkers in serum were not changed by PS. However, kidney cell karyomegaly and tubular hypertrophy were observed dose-dependently with higher severity in males. KIM-1, TIMP-1 and osteopontin in kidney and urine were increased dose dependently in male or at the highest dose in female rats. Increased urinary osteopontin by PS was not recovered at 2 weeks of post-exposure in both genders. Cystatin C in kidney was decreased at all treatment groups but inversely increased in urine. The changes in kidney damage biomarkers were more remarkable in male than female rats. These data indicate that the PS may provoke renal cell damage and glomerular filtration dysfunction in rats with histopathological lesions and change of kidney damage biomarkers in kidney or urine. Kidney and urinary KIM-1 and cystatin C were the most marked indicators, while kidney weight, BUN and creatinine and kidney damage biomarkers in serum were not influenced.

조직배양에 의한 위도상사화(Lycoris uydoensis M. Kim)의 효율적 기내번식

고정애 ( Jeong Ae Ko ),김인숙 ( In Sook Kim ),정공수 ( Gong Soo Jeong ),최정란 ( Jeong Ran Choi ) 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2012 농업생명과학연구 Vol.43 No.2

위도상사화(Lycoris uydoensis M. Kim)의 효율적인 기내 급속 대량 증식체계를 확립시키고자 잎과 인편을 배양하였다. 5℃에서 60일간 저온 처리한 모구를 구고를 중심으로 상부, 중부 및 하부로 구분하여 0.1 mg·L-1 2,4-D와 1.0 mg·L-1 BA, 0.5 mg·L-1 NAA와 1.0 mg·L-1 BA 또는 3.0mg·L-1 IBA와 3.0 mg·L-1 BA 혼용처리된 MS 배지에 배양한 결과 식물생장조절물질과는 관계없이 디스크가 부착된 인편의 하부가 캘러스 및 자구 형성에 가장 효과적인 부위였다. 캘러스는 잎절편이나 인편조직에서 쉽게 형성되었으나 소자구 및 신초는 인편에서만 형성되어 기내번식에 적합한 절편체는 인편이었다. 자구 형성 및 신초분화는 배지내 첨가된 식물생장조절물질에 따라 치상체에서 직접 자구를 형성하거나 캘러스를 통해 식물체로 분화되는 2가지 경로로 형성되었는데 디스크가 부착된 인편을 0.1 mg·L-1 2,4-D와 1.0 mg·L-1 BA, 0.5 mg·L-1 NAA와 1.0 mg·L-1 BA 또는 3.0 mg·L-1 IBA와 3.0 mg·L-1 BA 혼용처리된 MS 배지에 배양하여 30일 이내에 60%-100%까지 유도하였다. 다량의 자구형성 및 유지는 MS배지에 0.1 mg·L-1 2,4-D와 1.0 mg·L-1 BA가 혼용되거나 또는 3.0 mg·L-1 IBA와 3.0mg·L-1 BA 혼용처리 되었을 때 0.5 mg·L-1 NAA와 1.0mg·L-1 BA 혼용처리 되었을 때 보다 효과적이었다. 6% sucrose는 자구형성 및 비대를 촉진시켰으며 특히 3.0 mg·L-1 IBA와 3.0 mg·L-1 BA 혼용처리배지에 6% sucrose를 첨가시키므로 0.1 mg·L-1 2,4-D와 1.0 mg·L-1 BA가 혼용 배지보다 구의 비대가 1-2배 증가하였다. 인편유래 캘러스로부터 기관분화 또는 인편에서 직접 분화된 자구에서 성공적으로 식물체가 재분화되었다. This study was conducted to establish an effective in vitro mass propagation system using leaf and bulb scale explant sources of Lycoris uydoensis M. Kim. For the bulb scale culture, the bulbs treated at 5℃ for 60 days were dissected into three parts according to bulb height (upper, middle, and bottom), and allowed for a culture on the MS medium with 0.1 mg ? L-1 2,4-D plus 1.0 mg ? L-1 BA, 0.5 mg ? L-1 NAA plus 1.0 mg ? L-1 BA, and 3.0 mg ? L-1 IBA plus 3.0 mg ? L-1 BA. Regardless of plant hormone treatments, the bottom part of the bulb including the disk proved to be most effective in forming the callus and bulblets. Callus was readily produced on the young leaf segment and bulb scale tissues, whereas, bulblets and shoots were formed only on bulb scale explants. Bulb scales with disk appeared to the best optimal explant for in vitro propagation. Two distinct pathways, either organogenesis through callus or direct bulblet formation, could be recognized in bulb scale culture. Bulblet formation and shoot organogenesis from the bulb scales with disk were effectively induced up to the 60%~100% on the MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg ? L-1 2,4-D plus 1.0 mg ? L-1 BA, 0.5 mg ? L-1 NAA plus 1.0 mg ? L-1 BA, and 3.0 mg ? L-1 IBA와 3.0 mg ? L-1 BA within 30 days of culture. On MS media supplemented with 0.1 mg ? L-1 2,4-D plus 1.0 mg ? L-1 BA or 3.0 mg ? L-1 IBA와 3.0 mg ? L-1 BA were more effective than 0.5 mg ? L-1 NAA plus 1.0 mg ? L-1 BA for induced and maintained a large number of bulblets. Six percent of sucrose enhanced bulblet formation and expanded the bulblets. Especially, adding 6% of sucrose on MS media supplemented with 3.0 mg ? L-1 IBA와 3.0 mg ? L-1 BA was one or two times of bulblets expanted than on MS mediun with 0.1 mg ? L-1 2,4-D plus 1.0 mg ? L-1 BA plus 6% of sucrose. Plantlet regeneration was successfully achieved from bulb scale-derived callus, via shoot bud induction or direct bulblet formation.

Kidney Toxicity Induced by 13 Weeks Exposure to the Fruiting Body of Paecilomyces sinclairii in Rats

Mihye Jeong,Young-Won Kim,Jeong-Ran Min,Min Kwon,Beom-Suk Han,Jeong-Gyu Kim,Sang-Hee Jeong 한국독성학회 2012 Toxicological Research Vol.28 No.3

Paecilomyces sinclairiis (PS) is known as a functional food or human health supplement. However concerns have been raised about its kidney toxicity. This study was performed to investigate the kidney toxicity of PS by 13 week-oral administration to rats. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and kidney damage biomarkers including beta-2-microglobulin (β2m), glutathione S-transferase alpha (GST-α), kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), calbindin, clusterin, cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and osteopontin were measured during or after the treatment of PS. BUN, creatinine and kidney damage biomarkers in serum were not changed by PS. However, kidney cell karyomegaly and tubular hypertrophy were observed dose-dependently with higher severity in males. KIM-1, TIMP-1 and osteopontin in kidney and urine were increased dose dependently in male or at the highest dose in female rats. Increased urinary osteopontin by PS was not recovered at 2 weeks of post-exposure in both genders. Cystatin C in kidney was decreased at all treatment groups but inversely increased in urine. The changes in kidney damage biomarkers were more remarkable in male than female rats. These data indicate that the PS may provoke renal cell damage and glomerular filtration dysfunction in rats with histopathological lesions and change of kidney damage biomarkers in kidney or urine. Kidney and urinary KIM-1 and cystatin C were the most marked indicators, while kidney weight, BUN and creatinine and kidney damage biomarkers in serum were not influenced.

The effects of antibiotics on the reproductive physiology targeting ovaries in the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus

Ha Young‐Ran,Jeong Se‐Jin,Jang Chang‐Won,Chang Kyu‐Sik,Kim Hyun‐Woo,Cho Shin‐Hyoung,Lee Hee‐Il 한국곤충학회 2021 Entomological Research Vol.51 No.2

Mosquitoes have adapted to various environmental conditions. Symbionts with mosquitoes impact this adaptation in different environments. In the field, mosquitoes could get exposed to antibiotics during their developmental period, which could reduce or eliminate their symbiotic microbes. However, the side effects of the antibiotics on the ovary and reproductive physiology of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of tetracycline and combinations of rifampicin and tetracycline at environmentally acceptable levels on the reproductive physiology of ovaries in Ae. albopictus. Rifampicin and tetracycline in combination reduced the hatching rate and fertility of Ae. albopictus compared to the untreated control group. These antibiotics induced histopathological damage and reactive oxygen species production in the ovaries. The combination of antibiotics decreased the expression of surface protein of Wolbachia (WSP) in Ae. albopictus. Additionally, the expression of Toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Myd88 were triggered by the combinations. The findings demonstrate the detrimental effects of antibiotics, particularly combinations of rifampicin and tetracycline, on the reproductive capacity of Ae. albopictus females.

웃음을 이용한 다중음성치료기법(SKMVTT<SUP>®</SUP>)이 성대용종 환자의 음성개선에 미치는 효과

김성태(Seong-Tae Kim),정옥란(Ok-Ran Jeong),안철민(Cheol Min Ahn) 한국음성학회 2008 음성과학 Vol.15 No.2

Vocal polyp is one of the representative chronic diseases of vocal folds, and it can be cured by voice therapy and/or laryngeal microsurgery. However, the existing therapeutic methods about vocal polyp are in great demand. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of vocal improvement between laryngeal microsurgery and SKMVTT<SUP>®</SUP>(Seong-Tae Kim's Multiple Voice Therapy Technique), which was designed by the author. We identified 37 patients, who were diagnosed with unilateral vocal polyp, aged from 21 to 62 years(mean age: 46 years). 21 patients were treated by the SKMVTT<SUP>®</SUP> and the other 16 patients were only treated by the laryngeal microsurgery. All patients who were treated by the SKMVTT<SUP>®</SUP>, received 12 sessions of treatment, and were evaluated before therapy and after finishing the 12th session. The patients who were treated by laryngeal microsurgery, were evaluated prior to and at least 8 weeks after surgery. The results showed that the SKMVTT<SUP>®</SUP> produced better results compared to the laryngeal microsurgery alone. The SKMVTT<SUP>®</SUP> produced better results, especially, at the initial stage of voice therapy compared with those of laryngeal microsurgery. In this study, we can suggest that SKMVTT<SUP>®</SUP> may be useful in improving the voice qualities of vocal polyp patients. However, more data should be collected and evaluated to be widely used in other clinics.

Original Articles : Clinical significance of occult hepatitis B virus infection in chronic hepatitis C patients

( Jae Young Jang ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Sung Ran Cheon1 ),( Sae Hwan Lee1 ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Young Koog Cheon ),( Young Seok Kim1 ),( Young Deok Cho1 ),( Hong Soo Kim ),( So Young Jin ),( Yun Soo 대한간학회 2011 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.17 No.3

Background/Aims: We investigated the frequency of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive individuals and the effects of occult HBV infection on the severity of liver disease. Methods: Seventy-one hepatitis B virus surface-antigen (HBsAg)-negative patients were divided according to their HBV serological status into groups A (anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs negative; n=18), B (anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs positive; n=34), and C (anti-HBc negative, anti-HBs positive/negative; n=19), and by anti-HCV positivity (anti-HCV positive; n=32 vs. anti-HCV negative; n=39). Liver biopsy samples were taken, and HBV DNA was quantified by real-time PCR. Results: Intrahepatic HBV DNA was detected in 32.4% (23/71) of the entire cohort, and HBV DNA levels were invariably low in the different groups. Occult HBV infection was detected more frequently in the anti-HBc-positive patients. Intrahepatic HBV DNA was detected in 28.1% (9/32) of the anti-HCV-positive and 35.9% (14/39) of the anti-HCV-negative subjects. The HCV genotype did not affect the detection rate of intrahepatic HBV DNA. In anti-HCV-positive cases, occult HBV infection did not affect liver disease severity. Conclusions: Low levels of intrahepatic HBV DNA were detected frequently in both HBsAg-negative and anti-HCV-positive cases. However, the frequency of occult HBV infection was not affected by the presence of hepatitis C, and occult HBV infection did not have a significant effect on the disease severity of hepatitis C. (Korean J Hepatol 2011;17:206-212)

한국인과 미국인의 생애주기별 칼슘섭취 현황 비교

유아름 ( Areum Yu ),양윤정 ( Yoon Jung Yang ),정사랑 ( Sa Rang Jeong ),김지혜 ( Ji Hye Kim1 ),김유진 ( You Jin Kim ),권오란 ( O Ran Kwon ),오세영 ( Se Young Oh ),김정현 ( Jung Hyun Kim ) 대한영양사협회 2013 대한영양사협회 학술지 Vol.19 No.1

Calcium intake has been insufficient in all age groups in previous Korean national surveys. This study was conducted to investigate calcium intake in Korean and American populations at different ages. We analyzed two national survey data: the 2007∼2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and the 2007∼2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Statistically, survey procedures were applied using the weight, cluster, and strata variables. The mean calcium intake of Koreans at ages of 1∼2 y, 3∼5 y, 6∼11 y, 12∼18 y, 19∼64 y, and 65+y was lower than American populations at those ages. The sufficient proportions based on Korean Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) of 1∼2 y, 3∼5 y, 6∼11 y, 12∼18 y, 19∼64 y, and 65+y in Koreans were 45.5%, 33.1%, 24.3%, 16.6%, 32.7%, and 19.0%. While the sufficient rates based on American EAR of 1∼3 y, 4∼8 y, 9∼13 y, 14∼18 y, 19∼30 y, 31∼50 y, 51∼70 y, and 71+y in US population were 88.5%, 54.4%, 35.2%, 35.8%, 55.3%, 55.2%, 40.6%, and 24.5%. Overall, the major foods contributing to calcium intakes in Koreans were milk, baechukimchi, and anchovies, whereas, milk products, pasta, or bread were major contributions to calcium in American populations. The calcium supplement intakes in the American population were 5.5 mg (1∼2 y), 15.5 mg (3∼5 y), 13.9 mg (6∼11 y), 35.7 mg (12∼18 y), 150.3 mg (19∼64 y) and 334.4 mg (≥65 y). These results suggest that Korean adolescents and older adults are the most insufficient in dietary calcium intakes among Koreans. In order to accurately estimate calcium intakes in Korean populations, calcium supplements and calcium-fortified foods should be considered.

Distribution of Aquaporins (Water Channels) in the Rat Salivary Glands

정지연(Ji-Yeon Jung),한창룡(Chang-Ryoung Han),정연진(Yeon-Jin Jeong),오원만(Won-Mann Oh),김미원(Mi-Won Kim1),김선헌(Sun-Hun Kim),김옥준(Ok-Joon Kim),김현진(Huyn-Jin Kim),고정태(Jeong-Tae Koh),최홍란(Hong-Ran Choi),김원재(Won-Jae Kim) 대한해부학회 2002 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.35 No.3

침샘은 하루 1.5 l의 침을 분비하며, 일반적으로 침샘에서 수분이동은 능동적 염분 이동에 따른 삼투현상에 의해 일어난다. 따라서 침샘에서 높은 수분투과성으로 인해 수분통로 단백인 aquaporin (AQP)들이 풍부하게 존재할 수 있다. 지금까지침샘에 4가지 형태의 AQP이 존재한다고 알려져 있지만 침샘에서 정확한 위치와 수분 이동에 대한 각 AQP들의 역할은 아직 확실치 않다. 본 연구는 300 g 정도의 흰쥐를 pentobarbital sodium (50 mg/kg, IP) 마취하에서 carbarchol (10 μg/kg)을 복강 내 투여한 후 AQP들의 역할과 분포를 면역조직화학방법으로 조사하였다. AQP1은 침샘의 미세혈관의 내피세포와 샘세포와 샘관 주위에 존재하는 근육상피세포에 존재하였다. AQP4는 침샘관의 마지막 부위인 배출관에 존재하였다. AQP5는 주로 장액세포의 바닥가쪽과 세포사이 분비소관을 포함한 세포꼭대기쪽막 에 존재하였으며 콜린성 분비 자극으로 세포꼭대기쪽막으로 이동되어 밀집되었다. AQP5는 모든 침샘의 사이관과 줄무늬 관에도 존재하였으며 점액세포는 약하게 존재하였다. AQP8은 AQP5처럼 장액세포의 바닥쪽막과 세포사이 분비소관을 포함한 세포꼭대기쪽막에 존재하였으며 콜린성 침분비 자극으로 세포꼭대기쪽막쪽으로 이동되어 밀집되었다. 이상의 실험결과는 AQP5와 AQP8이 장액세포에서 일차 침 형성시 일어나는 수분이동의 주된 통로임을 시사하였다. The salivary glands produce 1.5 l of fluid per day. As in other organs, the general paradigm in the salivary glands is that water movement occurs secondary to osmotic driving forces created by active salt transport. Therefore, high water permeability in salivary glands is expected to need a variety of aquaporin (AQP), a water channel. Although four AQPs have been known to reside in salivary glands, the precise location and roles of AQPs have been not well examined. This study is aimed to investigate the distribution of AQPs in 3 major salivary glands and their changes after cholinergic stimulation using immunohistochemical study in Sprague Dawley rats weighing 300 g under pentobarbital sodium anesthesia. AQP1 was localized in the endothelial cells of all salivary capillary vessels and the myoepithelial cells. AQP4 was demonstrated in the epithelium of the excretory ductal cells of all salivary glands. AQP5 and 8 were abundantly present in the basolateral membrane and apical membranes of the serous acini including intercellular secretory canaliculi, whereas AQP5 was weakly present in mucous acini. In addition, AQP5 was found in the epithelium of the intercalated and striated ducts. Upon stimulation of carbachol (10 μg/kg, I.P). AQP5 and 8 tended to translocate from basolateral membrane to the apical membrane, appearing as clusters of dots. These results suggest that AQP5 and 8 are the candidate molecules responsible for the water movement in salivary acinar cells.

Enhanced activation of NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 attenuates spontaneous hypertension by improvement of endothelial nitric oxide synthase coupling via tumor suppressor kinase liver kinase B1/adenosine 5&vprime;-monophosphate-activated protein kina

Kim, Yong-Hoon,Hwang, Jung Hwan,Kim, Kyung-Shim,Noh, Jung-Ran,Gang, Gil-Tae,Oh, Won Keun,Jeong, Kyeong-Hoon,Kwak, Tae Hwan,Choi, Hueng-Sik,Lee, In-Kyu,Lee, Chul-Ho Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams Wilkin 2014 Journal of Hypertension Vol.32 No.2

AIMS:: Guanosine 5&vprime;-triphosphate cyclohydrolase-1 (GTPCH-1) is a rate-limiting enzyme in de-novo synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an essential cofactor for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) coupling. Adenosine 5&vprime;-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is crucial for GTPCH-1 preservation, and tumor suppressor kinase liver kinase B1 (LKB1), an upstream kinase of AMPK, is activated by NAD-dependent class III histone deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-mediated deacetylation. &bgr;-Lapachone has been shown to increase cellular NAD/NADH ratio via NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) activation. In this study, we have evaluated whether &bgr;-lapachone-induced NQO1 activation modulates blood pressure (BP) through preservation of GTPCH-1 in a hypertensive animal model. METHODS AND RESULTS:: Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), primary aortic endothelial cells, and endothelial cell line were used to investigate the hypotensive effect of &bgr;-lapachone and its action mechanism. &bgr;-Lapachone treatment dramatically lowered BP and vascular tension in SHRs and induced eNOS activation in endothelial cells. Consistent with these effects, &bgr;-lapachone treatment also elevated levels of both aortic cGMP and plasma nitric oxide in SHRs. Meanwhile, &bgr;-lapachone-treated SHRs showed significantly increased levels of aortic NAD, LKB1 deacetylation, and AMPK Thr phosphorylation followed by increased GTPCH-1 and tetrahydrobiopterin/dihydrobiopterin ratio. In-vitro study revealed that AMPK inhibition by overexpression of dominant-negative AMPK nearly abolished GTPCH-1 protein conservation. Enhanced LKB1 deacetylation and AMPK activation were also elicited by &bgr;-lapachone in endothelial cells. However, inhibition of LKB1 deacetylation by blocking of NQO1 or SIRT1 blunted AMPK activation by &bgr;-lapachone. CONCLUSION:: This is the first study demonstrating that eNOS coupling can be regulated by NQO1 activation via LKB1/AMPK/GTPCH-1 modulation, which is possibly correlated with relieving hypertension. These findings provide strong evidence to suggest that NQO1 might be a new therapeutic target for hypertension.

Taxonomic Review and Genetic Diversity of Cowpea Species and Related Taxa

Jeong Ran Lee,Hyung Jin Baek,Mun Sup Yoon,Chang Yung Kim,Eun Gi Cho 한국육종학회 2005 한국육종학회지 Vol.37 No.4