Frederick William Baller가 編纂한 漢語敎材 『日日新』

金薰鎬 ( Kim Hoon-ho ) 한국중국언어학회 2021 중국언어연구 Vol.- No.94

淸代官話羅馬字母官話課本(Mandarin Book)有: 馬禮遜的『五車韻府』, 富善的『官話萃珍』, 威妥瑪的『語言自邇集』, 翟理斯的『漢語無師自明』, 鮑康寧的『英華合璧』和『日日新』。 鮑康寧是內地會(the Inland Mission)英國人來華的基督敎傳敎士, 他于1873年抵中國。『日日新』(A Idiom a Lesson)是1920年由英國傳敎士Frederick William Baller(中國名: 鮑康寧)編纂的官話課本(Mandarin Book)。該課本所記的語音了解20世紀初期北京, 南京官話的實際情況。『日日新』在汉语研究史上具有重要的地位。 『日日新』所記載的北京官话口語和今天的北京话的音系已无异, 与其他同时期出版的北京官话著作如『尋津錄』, 『語言自邇集』, 『約翰福音書』, 『华英袖珍字典』及『官話萃珍』『漢語無師自明』, 『英華合璧』的音系相同。在『日日新』的语言特点说明, 『日日新』记載了的20世纪初期北京官话的演变向現代普通話的演变靠拢。 Mandarin Book of the Qing Dynasty contains: 『Dictionary in the Chinese Language』, 『A Character Study in Mandarin Colloquial』, 『A progressive course designed to assist the Student of Colloquial Chinese』, 『Chinese Without a Teacher』, 『A Mandarin Primer』. Frederick William Baller, a Christian missionary who came to China in 1873, arrived in China. 『A Idiom a Lesson』 is a Mandarin Book compiled by the English missionary Frederick William Baller in 1920. This textbook has made a comprehensive study of the actual situation of official dialect in Peking and Nanking in the early 20th century. 『A Idiom a Lesson』 plays an important role in the history of Chinese language research. 『A Idiom a Lesson』 is no different from 『A Character Study in Mandarin Colloquial』, 『A progressive course designed to assist the Student of Colloquial Chinese』, 『Chinese Without a Teacher』 of Mandarin period. The language characteristics of 『A Idiom a Lesson』 indicate that the evolution of Peking dialect recorded by 『A Idiom a Lesson』 in the early 20th century is closer to the evolution of modern Mandarin.

도로조명 계산법

김훈,김기훈,Kim, Hoon,Kim, Gi-Hoon 한국조명전기설비학회 2000 조명.전기설비 Vol.14 No.6

샬피 충격시험에 있어서 시험편 크기의 영향

김훈,김주학,지세환,홍준화,Kim, Hoon,Kim, Joo-Hark,Chi, Se-Hwan,Hong, Jun-Hwa 대한기계학회 1997 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.21 No.1

Charpy V-notch impact tests were performed on the full-, half-and third-size specimens from two ferritic SA 508 Cl. 3 steels for nuclear pressure vessel. New normalization factors were proposed to predict the upper shelf energy(USE) and the ductile-brittle transition temperature(DBTT) of full-size specimens from the measured data on sub-size specimens. The factors for the USE and the DBTT are $(Bb^2/Kt); and; (Bb/R)^1/2/, $ respectively, where B the width, b the ligament size, $K_{t}$ the elastic stress concentration factor, and R the notch root radius. These correlations successfully estimated the USE and DBTT of the full-size specimens based on sub-size specimen data. In addition, the size effects were studied to develop the correlations among absorbed energy, lateral expansion(LE) and displacement. It was also found that the LE was able to be estimated from the displacement obtained by the instrumented impact test, and that the displacement would be used as a criterion for the toughness of the steels corresponding to change in their yield strength.h.

Freshwater Cyclopoid Copepods (Cyclopoida, Cyclopidae) of Korea

Kim, Hoon Soo(김훈수),Chang, Cheon Young(장천영) 한국동물분류학회 1989 Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity Vol.5 No.2

유기인계 농약 중독 환자에서 초기 적혈구 아세틸콜린에스테라제 활성도의 임상적 의의

김훈,한승백,김준식,이미진,박준석,권운용,어은경,오범진,이성우,서주현,노형근,Kim, Hoon,Han, Seung-Baik,Kim, Jun-Sig,Lee, Mi-Jin,Park, Joon-Seok,Kwon, Woon-Yong,Eo, Eun-Kyung,Oh, Bum-Jin,Lee, Sung-Woo,Suh, Joo-Hyun,Roh, Hyung-Keun 대한임상독성학회 2008 대한임상독성학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Purpose: Acute organophosphate (OP) poisoning may be monitored by measuring the acetylcholinesterase (AChE). It is important to assess severity and establish prognostic tests in the early stage of OP poisoning. The aim of this study was to look at the relationship between various clinical aspects of the OP poisoning, prognostic indicators of OP poisoning including Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) 3, and the associated changes in AChE levels. Methods: Clinical data and initial AChE levels from thirty-seven patients with OP poisoning were prospectively reviewed from 12 teaching hospitals in South Korea from August 2005 to July 2006. Clinical manifestations at the time of arrival such as miosis, respiratory abnormality, salivation, urinary incontinence, GCS score, AVPU scale, need for intubation, and mechanical ventilation requirements were recorded. SAPS 3 was calculated using clinical data and laboratory results. Results: The median level of AChE was 9.8 (1.3-53.6) U/gHb. There was no significant difference in AChE levels between the groups with and without cholinergic symptoms. The median level of AChE of the patients who required intubation and those who did not were 3.5 U/gHb and it 19.7 U/gHb respectively (Mann-Whitney test; p<0.001). The AChE levels were also significantly different (p=0.007) in patients who needed mechanical ventilation compared to those who did not with AChE levels found to be 3.1 U/gHb and it was 14.8 U/gHb, respectively. Level of consciousness assessed using the AVPU scale was correlated with AChE levels (Kruskal-Wallis test; p=0.013). GCS score were correlated with AChE levels (p=0.007, Spearman's rho = 0.454). In addition, the lower the level of initial AChE, the longer the ICU stay (p=0.029, Spearman's rho=-0.380). SAPS 3 was inversely correlated with the initial AChE (p<0.001, Spearman's rho=-0.633). Conclusion: In the acute OP poisoning, low AChE levels appear to help indicate the severity of poisoning. The initial AChE level may be a useful prognostic parameter for acute OP poisoning.

한국 언론의 젠더 프레임

김훈순(Hoon-Soon Kim) 한국언론정보학회 2004 한국언론정보학보 Vol.27 No.-

이 연구는 한국 언론의 젠더담론을 살펴보기 위해 《조선일보》ㆍ《한겨레신문》 사회면에 실린 여성관련 범죄뉴스의 프레임을 분석하였다. 스트레이트 기사형식을 선호하는 사회면의 범죄기사는 대부분 일화 중심적 뉴스 프레임을 취하고 있었다. 일화 중심프레임의 기사들이 피해 여성의 이미지를 형성하는 프레이밍 기제들은 가해자 중심의 서술 및 여성 피해자의 타자화, 남성필자의 가부장적인 시선, 선정적 묘사, 여성의 신체적 취약성과 수동성 강조, 피해자 여성 비난하기 등이었다. 주제 중심적 프레임 기사의 특성은 선정성 부각과 함께 사회구조 탓하기와 구체적 대안의 부재로 분석되었다. 후속보도가 이어진 하양피살사건에 대한 사례분석의 결과에 의하면, 사건의 내용이 바뀌었음에도 불구하고 사건발생 초기에 설정된 흥미위주의 여성에 대한 선정적 프레임은 지속되었으며, 이는 한국언론의 내재된 여성관을 확인시켜주는 대표적 사례였다. 이러한 결과는 선정성을 강조하는 언론의 상업주의적인 태도와 경직된 취재보도체제에 비롯되며, 특히 남성편향적인 프레임들은 경찰발표를 그대로 받아쓰는 관행적인 뉴스제작 관습과, 남성기자와 남성적인 뉴스조직의 가치판단에 의해서 형성된다. 두 신문은 정치적 노선의 차이에도 불구하고 여성을 다루는 방식에서 여성문제에 대한 무관심을 드러내는 동시에 가부장적인 여성관을 보여준다. 이는 우리사회의 보수세력과 진보세력의 담론 모두가 남성적 담론으로서 여성은 담론상의 위치에서 사회적 약자로서 소외되고 있음을 반증한다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the gender discourse of Korean newspapers. For this, the study analyzes the frames of crime news on Chosun Daily and Hangyurae Newspaper for 2 years. The data are collected using KINDS, and include 265 crime articles involving woman. According to the results of this research, the episodic frames are used in the most of crime news. The five frame devices are founded in the episodic frame articles; the male subjectivity and the female objectivity, the male-oriented perspectives which reporters have, the abused sexual details and sensationalism, the emphasis of women body's fragility which imply woman's unavoidability as victims, and finally, blaming women who are victims of crimes. And in the articles of thematic frames, the similar frame devices are found. In particular, they only emphasize the problem of crime and fail to suggest a concrete resolution. Finally, the study discusses the findings relating to the patriarchal news making convention and the commercialism of newspaper industry. The two newspapers have been pursuing quite different political lines in Korean society. It is generally considered that Hangyurae newspaper is progressive and Chosun Daily is conservative. However, this study reveals that the way dealt with women in the crime news are not different. It is concluded that Korean newspapers still produce the gender discourse based on male-centric perspective and patriarchal ideology.

가계소득이 학자금 대출 참여 및 누적 대출 규모에 미치는 영향 분석

김훈호(Kim Hoon-Ho) 한국교육재정경제학회 2011 敎育財政 經濟硏究 Vol.20 No.3

본 연구는 2009년 현재 2년제 사립 전문대학을 졸업한 학생들을 대상으로 실시되었으며, 가계소득이 대학 졸업까지의 학자금 대출 참여 경험과 누적 대출 규모에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 분석을 위해 한국직업능력개발원에서 제공하는 한국교육고용패널(KEEP) 1~6차년도 조사 결과를 사용하였다. 그리고 자료의 표본편의를 보정하기 위해 Heckman의 2단계 표본 선택 모형을 사용하여 자료를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 월평균 가계소득은 2년제 사립 전문대학 학생들의 학자금 대출 참여 여부와 누적 대출 규모에 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 학자금 대출에 영향을 미치는 다른 변인들의 영향력을 통제할 경우, 학자금 대출 참여 비율과 누적 대출 규모는 가계소득에 따라 거의 차이가 없다는 것을 의미한다. 따라서 현행 정부보증 학자금 대출 제도는 고등교육 기회의 확대 측면에서 수직적 형평성을 향상시키는데 일정한 한계를 갖는 것으로 보인다. This research, conducted among private junior college students graduated before 2009, analyzed the impacts of family income on financing experience and cumulative amount of student loan. The data analyzed was obtained from 1-6th KEEP survey released by KRIVET. The data was analyzed using Heckman’s two-stage sample selection method. The results shows that monthly average household income has no statistically significant impact on financing experience and cumulative amount of student loan. In other words, family income has no significant impact on financing experience and accumulative amount of student loan with the variables related to the student loan controlled. Therefore, current student loan system guaranteed by government barely has impacts on vertical equity in terms of the chance of higher education.

『어언자이집(語言自邇集)』에 반영(反映)된 청대후기(淸代後期) 북경관화음계(北京官話音系)

김훈호 ( Kim Hoon-ho ) 한국중국학회 2018 중국학보 Vol.83 No.-

淸代官話 로마자 저서에는 ⑴官話課本(Mandarin Book) ⑵ 漢·英字典(Chinese-English Dictionary)⑶聖經音譯本(the Bible) 등이 있다. 『語言自邇集』(Yu-yen Tzu-erh Chi, 1867·1886·1903)는 英國外交官 Thomas Francis Wade가 編纂한 것이다. 第1版은 1867년 英國런던에서, 第2版은 1886년 上海에서, 第3版 1903년 上海에서 出版했다. 이 저서는 北京官話口語를 ?寫한 官話교과서이다. 『語言自邇集』는 19세기 중기 北京官話 口語音系를 연구하는 귀중한 자료이다. 『語言自邇集』은 北京朝廷에는 통하는 言語를 기록하고 있으며, 19세기 중기 北京官話의 口語語音, 北京官話의 實際情況을 나타낸다. 『語言自邇集』이 기록하는 北京官話 口語는 現代北京話의 音系와 다르지 않다. 또 同時期에 出版한 北京官話 저서 『約翰福音書』, 『華英袖珍字典』과 『官話萃珍』의 音系와도 같다. 『語言自邇集』에 反映된 音系를 살펴보면, 19세기 중기 北京官話의 어음 특징을 알 수 있다. 精見組, 見[k], 溪 [k□], 曉[x]와 舌尖前音 精[□], 淸 [□□], 心[s]음이 細音前에서 舌面音 [t□], [t□□], [□]로 合流한다. ⑵ 影、 疑 母開口呼字 “愛安恩影母 昻傲額疑母”는 零聲母로 발음되는데, 北京官話와 동일하다. ⑶ “日”母 止攝 開口三等字 “而耳兒爾二”字는 모두 零聲母 erh이다. ⑷ 知照系가 合流하여 捲舌音 ch-[ts-]組로 읽는데, 北京官話 口語音의 특징이다. ⑸ 果攝 歌戈韻字는 聲母條件의 차이와 開合口 韻母의 問題로 o, uo, e의 讀音이 있다. 見組 果攝合口 一等字 “火果過”는 -uo로 읽고, 見組 果攝 開口 一等字 “哥, 戈”는 -e로 읽으며, 端組, 精組 果攝開口와 合口字 “河何和多”의 韻母는 합류하여 -o로 읽는다. ⑹ 19세기 중엽 蟹攝의 佳皆韻 開口二等字 “街界解階戒屆”가 『語言自邇集』에서 -ieh[-ie]로 읽힌다. 『語言自邇集』에서는 [iai]韻母가 탈락되고, 『中原音韻』皆來韻의 字“皆階街解戒屆(見母), 楷(溪母), 諧蟹(曉母), 埃隘(影母) 등의 漢字가 韻母 [ie]와 [ai]로 歸屬된다. ⑺ 『語言自邇集』에 兒[□]化韻이 많이 수록되어 있다. 兒(erh)化音 항목 아래에 “小孩兒, 今兒, 明兒, 後兒, 雀鳥兒, 這兒, 那兒, 別處兒, 大?兒, 這塊兒, 那塊兒, 剛剛兒, ??兒, 沒趣兒, 味兒, 樣兒, 病兒, 花兒朶兒, 方法兒, 法兒” 등을 수록하고 있는데, 당시 北京官話에는 이미 현대와 같이 대량의 兒(er)化音이 존재했다는 것을 알 수 있다. ⑻ 平聲은 陰陽으로 나누고, 濁上聲은 去聲으로 발음되고, 古入聲字가 陰平, 陽平, 上聲, 去聲으로 “入派四聲”이 되었다. 이런 言語特徵은 『語言自邇集』이 기록한 19世紀 中期 北京官話 口語音을 따라演變한 것임을 보여 준다. 『語言自邇集』의 語音은 대부분 現代普通話와 일치하고 있는데, 이것을 통해 現代普通話는 150년 전에 거의 완전하게 형성되었음을 알 수 있다. 影疑 두 聲母 開口呼 字는 零聲母로 읽는다. Thomas Francis Wade is the British man who left his name in the diplomacy history between China and British. This thesis will discuss the Mandarin Book(Yu-yen Tzu-erh Chi, A progressive course designed to assist the Student of Colloquial Chinese)written by the Sinologist Thomas Francis Wade. Chinese Romanized Texts have the Mandarin Book, the Chinese-English Dictionary, the Bible in the late Qing dynasty. Yu-yen Tzu-erh Chi that can teach Peking spoken language is the first Chinese Textbook in Chinese teaching history written by British people Wade in the mid 19th century. Because China have not valued the impact of west Sinologist over Chinese linguistics for long time, it brought about the Yu-yen Tzu-erh Chi. This article will compare the Yu-yen Tzu-erh Chi with the modern Chinese spoken language textbook. In the Phonetic system, the Mandarin in the Yu-yen Tzu-erh Chi is basically equal to today Putonghua, even though there are 27 initials in the book the initial system is the same with Putonghua when the six initials “tz, tz‘, ss, ng, y, w”are excluded. Compared with the 39 finals of Putonghua, the 40 finals includr “io,uo, ia” but not the “ueng”. Sihu(四呼) and finals are almost the same categories. The tones are basically the same with Putonghua.

병원 2세경영의 리더십 변화가 내부환경 및 조직유효성에 미치는 영향

김훈철 ( Hun Chul Kim ),김영훈 ( Young Hoon Kim ),김한성 ( Han Sung Kim ) 한국병원경영학회 2015 병원경영학회지 Vol.20 No.1

This study aims to examine the effect of a change of leadership on internal environment and organization effectiveness and suggest measures on effective organizational management by analyzing a change of leadership before and after 2nd generation management. There was analysis of a difference of leadership type, organizational structure, organizational culture, management resources, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment between the period of the founders and the period of 2nd generation successors by collecting data from employees of 6 hospitals in Seoul. Also there was analysis of the effect of a change of leadership on internal environment and organizational effectiveness. According to the analysis, it was demonstrated that the factor affecting job satisfaction during the period of the founder was complexity of organizational structure, and there were no factors affecting organizational commitment. In contrast, during the period of the 2nd generation successors, it was revealed that transformational leadership, centralism of organizational structure, and human resources of management resources affect job satisfaction, and transformational leadership, complexity of organizational structure, hierarchical culture of organizational culture, and human resources of management resources affect organizational commitment. Further, after the succession from the founders to 2nd generation successors, as transformational leadership increased, job satisfaction rose, and as developmental culture was reinforced and human resources increased, organizational commitment was heightened. Furthermore, as transformational leadership increased and developmental culture was reinforced, organizational commitment was heightened. Namely, as transformational leadership was reinforced resulting from the succession to 2nd generation, employees`` job satisfaction and organizational commitment increased, with circumstances aiming for the actual change.

도립진자 모델에서 칼만 필터의 잡음인자 해석

김훈학(Hoon-Hak Kim) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2010 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.15 No.5

도립진자 시스템에서 칼만 필터링 최적의 결과를 얻기 위해서는 잡음 공분산 행열 Q, 측정잡음 공분산 행열 R과 초기 에러 공분산 행열 P₀와 같은 인자가 필요하다. 이러한 인자는 실제 상황에서 근사화된 값을 사용하거나 정확한 값을 알 수 없기 때문에 칼만 필터의 최적화에 영향을 미치지 않거나 이러한 공분산 행열의 스칼라 이득변화에 덜 민감한 경우를 연구의 대상으로 하고 있다. 또한 상태 측정시 에러를 예측하는 방법으로 구해진 에러 공분산 행열은 상태측정 값 보다는 공분산 행열의 이득과 연관성을 가지게 된다. 따라서 3가지 공분산 행열과 칼만 이득 그리고 에러 공분산 행열 간의 상관관계가 잡음인자인 스칼라 이득과의 연관성을 해석하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 3절에서 도립진자 시스템 모델을 간략하게 정리를 하였고 4절에서는 이러한 모델을 기반으로 하여 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 위한 도립진자 시스템에 대한 수학적 동적모델을 구성하고 5절에서는 이러한 인자와 스칼라 이득 값을 이용한 다양한 시뮬레이션 결과를 통하여 잡음인자의 연관성을 해석하였다. The Optimal results of Kalman Filtering on the Inverted Pendulum System requires an effective factor such as the noise covariance matrix Q, the measurement noise covariance matrix R and the initial error covariance matrix P₀. We present a special case where the optimality of the filter is not destroyed and not sensitive to scaling of these covariance matrix because these factors are unknown or are known only approximately in the practical situation. Moreover, the error covariance matrices issued by this method predict errors in the state estimate consistent with the scaled covariance matrices and not the issued state estimates. Various results using the scalar gain δ are derived to described the relations among the three covariance matrices, Kalman Gain and the error covariance matrices. This paper is described as follows: Section III a brief overview of the Inverted Pendulum system. Section IV deals with the mathematical dynamic model of the system used for the computer simulation. Section V presents a various simulation results using the scalar gain.