DER BU¨CHNER-PREISTRA¨GER 1994

Kieser, Rolf 한국뷔히너학회 1994 뷔히너와 현대문학 Vol.7 No.-

1994년 10월 15일 독일 게오르크 뷔히너 문학상을 수상한 아돌프 무슈크는 스위스 현대 문학을 이끌어가는 작가 중 한 사람이다. 천 페이지에 달하는 파르찌팔 소설 『붉은 기사』(1993)를 포함한 7 편의 소설, 수많은 단편 모음집, 몇 편의 드라마를 집필한 작가로서 그는 특히 스위스에서 명성을 획득하고 있다. 정치적으로 무슈크는 최근까지만 해도 좌익에 속해 있었다. 정치에 관한 그의 글이나 유럽, 미국, 일본 등지의 정치적 상황에 관한 그의 논문은 독일 및 스위스의 수많은 신문과 잡지에 출간된 바 있다. 무슈크는 『당통의 죽음』에서 나오는 두 개의 구절("우리 마음 속에서 강간질하고, 거짓말하고, 훔치고, 살인하는 것은 무엇인가?"; "여러분들이 사용하는 상용구를 쫓아가 봐라. 그것들이 구현되는 데까지")을 인용하면서 금세기의 커다란 정치적 상황인 파시즘과 볼쉐비키즘과 극단적으로 청산하기 위해 뷔히너 문학상 수상 연설을 행하고 있다. 무슈크는 자신을 "구원사적인 대파산, 즉 사회주의의 대파산"에 참여했던 자로 인정하며, 자신의 어버지가 그 어떤 정치적 생각없이 제 3 제국 기간 중 1934년 자신에게 부여해 주었던 자신의 이름(아돌프)을 생각하면서 지난 시기의 구원사적인 오류에 대해 언급하고 있다. "그러나 시인들은 불변하는 것을 세운다..." 이와 같은 휠덜린 인용문을 이어받으면서 무슈크는 정치적안 참여에서 문학으로 되돌아 가고 있다. 그는 뷔히너의 희극 『레옹세와 레나』를 『당통의 죽음』에 대한 사티로스 극으로 간주하며, 인간 존재에 있어서 부조리한 것을 빠뜨리지 않고 그대로 알리는 것을 시인의 진실한 과제로 삼는다. "인류의 절정에서 구체적인 인간의 뿌리는 가지고 있지 못한 사람은 자신이 행사하는 폭력에 대항하여 대중을 안전하게 보호하지 못한다. 그런 사람은 폭력을 알려고 하는 노력에서 벗어날 뿐이다." 이것이 무슈크 연설문의 핵심 문장이다. 그는 페르세우스의 형상, 즉 아름다운 안드로메다를 만나지 못한 채 방패 거울에 비친 모습 속에서 메두사의 목을 베으려 했던 페르세우스의 형상을 통해 소재를 얻으려고 애쓰는 시인의 활동을 은유적으로 명확하게 표현하고자 한다. 무슈크에 따르면, 작가들의 도전적 행위는 다음과 같은 결과를 가져올 뿐이다. 즉 예술가가 누군가를 만나는 것이 예술가에게 있어서는 거의 아무런 역할을 하지 못한다는 것이다. 자신의 소망의 객체는 자신의 불안의 객체와 떼어질 수 없다. 분명해진 점은 무슈크가 이와 같은 연설로 정치뿐만 아니라 이전 문학상 수상자들의 뷔히너 이해 - 특히 자신의 모범상이었던 막스 프리쉬의 뷔히너 이해 - 와 극단적으로 결별하고 있다는 것이다.

Obeid-Coronal Malalignment Classification Is Age Related and Independently Associated to Personal Reported Outcome Measurement Scores in the Nonfused Spine

David Christopher Kieser,Louis Boissiere,Anouar Bourghli,Kazunori Hayashi,Derek Cawley,Caglar Yilgor,Ahmet Alanay,Emre Acaroglu,Frank Kleinstueck,Javier Pizones,Ferran Pellise,Francisco Javier Sanchez 대한척추신경외과학회 2021 Neurospine Vol.18 No.3

Objective: To evaluate Obeid-coronal malalignment (O-CM) modifiers according to age, sagittal alignment, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), in the mobile spine. Methods: Retrospective review of a prospective multicenter adult spinal deformity (ASD) database with 1,243 (402 nonoperative, 841 operative) patients with no prior fusion surgery. Patients were included if they were aged over 18 years and were affected by spinal deformity defined by one of: Cobb angle ≥20°, pelvic tilt ≥25°, sagittal vertical axis ≥5 cm, thoracic kyphosis ≥60°. Patients were classified according to the O-CM classification and compared to coronally aligned patients. Multivariate analysis was performed on the relationship between PROMs and age, global tilt (GT) and coronal malalignment (CM). Results: Four hundred forty-three patients had CM of more than 2 cm compared to 800 who did not. The distribution of these modifiers was correlated to age. After multivariate analysis, using age and GT as confounding factors, we found that before the age of 50 years, 2A1 patients had worse sex life and greater satisfaction than patients without CM. After 50 years of age, patients with CM (1A1, 1A2) had worse self-image and those with 2A2, 2B had worse self-image, satisfaction, and 36-item Short Form Health Survey physical function. Self-image was the consistent determinant of patients opting for surgery for all ages. Conclusion: CM distribution according to O-CM modifiers is age dependent. A clear correlation between the coronal malalignment and PROMs exists when using the O-CM classification and in the mobile spine, this typically affects self-image and satisfaction. Thus, CM classified according to O-CM modifiers is correlated to PROMs and should be considered in ASD.

Anterior Bone Loss in Cervical Disc Arthroplasty

David Christopher Kieser,Derek Thomas Cawley,Takashi Fujishiro,Celeste Tavolaro,Simon Mazas,Louis Boissiere,Ibrahim Obeid,Vincent Pointillart,Jean Marc Vital,Olivier Gille 대한척추외과학회 2019 Asian Spine Journal Vol.13 No.1

Study Design: Retrospective, longitudinal observational study. Purpose: To describe the natural history of anterior bone loss (ABL) in cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) and introduce a classification system for its assessment. Overview of Literature: ABL has recently been recognized as a complication of CDA, but its cause and clinical effects remain unknown. Methods: Patients with non-keeled CDA (146) were retrospectively reviewed. X-rays were examined at 6 weeks, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months, and annually thereafter for a minimum of 5 years. These were compared with the initial postoperative X-rays to determine the ABL. Visual Analog Scale pain scores were recorded at 3 months and 5 years. Neck Disability Index was recorded at postoperative 5 years. The natural history was determined and a classification system was introduced. Results: Complete radiological assessment was available for 114 patients with 156 cervical disc replacements (CDRs) and 309 endplates (average age, 45.3 years; minimum, 28 years; maximum, 65 years; 57% females). ABL occurred in 57.1% of CDRs (45.5% mild, 8.3% moderate, and 3.2% severe) and commenced within 3 months of the operation and followed a benign course, with improvement in the bone stock after initial bone resorption. There was no relationship between ABL degree and pain or functional outcome, and no implants were revised. Conclusions: ABL is common (57.1%). It occurs at an early stage (within 3 months) and typically follows a non-progressive natural history with stable radiographic features after the first year. Most ABL cases are mild, but severe ABL occurs in approximately 3% of CDAs. ABL does not affect the patients’ clinical outcome or the requirement for revision surgery. Surgeons should thus treat patients undergoing CDA considering ABL.

An Acoustic Survey of the Diurnal Vertical Migration of Pacific Hake off Vancouver Island , Canada

Hamano, Akira,Kieser, Robert,Cooke, Ken,McFarlane, Gordon A .,Sasakura, Toyoki 한국수산자원학회 1998 한국수산자원학회지 Vol.1 No.1

The distribution and behaviour of Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) off south-west Vancouver Island, Canada, were investigated during a joint Japan/Canada Research Cruise in the early summer of 1994. The acoustic survey was conducted along transects that crossed the shelf edge at the 200 m isobath. Quantitative echo-sounders with different frequencies (38, 50, 88, 120 and 200 ㎑) and beam patterns were used on board a Japanese and a Canadian research vessel. Substantial day night time concentrations of Pacific hake were found just beyond shelf edge. Horizontal and vertical distributions of Pacific hake were observed through echograms and volume back scattering strength (SV) measurements and by mid-water trawling. Attention was paid to the marked transitions in distribution at dusk. The following results were obtained: (1) During the daytime Pacific hake aggregations were found between 180 and 300 m depth. Substantial changes in the vertical SV profiles were observed at dusk. Distributions and changes appeared to be independent of bottom topography. (2) Following sun set Pacific hake aggregations rose closer to surface with the highest SV values between 100 and 200 m. (3) Night time distributions were light, uniform and between 100 and 300m.

Multiple-Rod Constructs Do Not Reduce Pseudarthrosis and Rod Fracture After Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy for Adult Spinal Deformity Correction but Improve Quality of Life

Anouar Bourghli,Louis Boissiere,David Kieser,Daniel Larrieu,Javier Pizones,Ahmet Alanay,Ferran PelIise,Franck Kleinstück,Ibrahim Obeid 대한척추신경외과학회 2021 Neurospine Vol.18 No.4

Objective: To compare the radiological and functional outcomes and complications of adult spinal deformity patients who underwent a pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) below L2 but categorized according to their construct where either 2-rod or multiple-rod construct is applied. Methods: Sixty-seven patients met the inclusion criteria, and were categorized into 3 groups: 2 rods (2R), multiple rods around the PSO (MRP), multiple rods around the PSO and lumbosacral junction (MRL). Demographic data, operative parameters, spinopelvic parameters, functional outcomes, and complications were collected. Results: Health-related quality of life scores showed a better outcome at 6 months and last follow-up visits in the MRP and MRL groups which were noted on different domains of Scoliosis Research Society-22 questionnaire, 36-item Short Form Health Surve, and Oswestry Disability Index scores (p<0.05). The 3 groups showed similar rates of rod-related complications with no significant difference (p=0.95). And inside each group, distribution of complications between pseudarthrosis with revision and rod fracture without revision was also similar (p=0.99). Conclusion: The use of multiple rods across the PSO did not show a better outcome when compared to single rods in terms of incidence and types of mechanical complications. However, better postoperative coronal alignment and health-related quality of life scores in the multiple rods group could be seen demonstrating an improved functional outcome.