Impact of Smoking on Nutrition and the Food Poverty Level in Tanzania

Asmerom KIDANE,John MDUMA,Alexis NAHO,Teh Wei HU 연세대학교 빈곤문제국제개발연구원 2015 Journal of Poverty Alleviation and International D Vol.6 No.1

This study considers the effect of household cigarette expenditure on food poverty indicators in Tanzania. We first compare expenditure patterns as well as the household size of non-smokers and smokers. We find that the majority of non-smokers and smokers have low incomes, and that the mean total per capita expenditure (proxy for income) of non-smokers is slightly higher than those of smokers. On the other hand, the mean household size of non-smokers was smaller compared to that of smokers suggesting that smokers should have spent more on food. Next, we estimate and compare daily calorie intake between both groups. Almost 19 percent of non-smokers were found to be below the poverty line. The corresponding value for smokers was almost 24 percent. Estimates from a multiple linear regression on the determinants of per capita daily calorie intake reveal that per capita cigarette consumption appears to negatively affect daily calorie intake significantly. Given that the majority of all respondents belong to a low income group, this suggests that expenditure on cigarettes may be at the expense of calorie intake.

Evaluating the impacts of climate and land use/land cover (LU/ LC) dynamics on the Hydrological Responses of the Upper Blue Nile in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia

Moges Kidane,Terefe Tolessa,Alemu Bezie,Nega Kessete,Mahammed Endrias 대한공간정보학회 2019 Spatial Information Research Vol.27 No.2

This study integrates GIS and SWAT model to evaluate impacts of climate and LU/LC change on watershed hydrological dynamics. To evaluate the impact of a combined and individual climate and LU/LC dynamics on stream flow, series of simulation were computed by changing climate and LU/LC variables. The model was calibrated and validated against observed data. Statistical measures like coefficient of determination and Nash–Sutcliffe were used to evaluate the model and it results in 0.82 and 0.82 for calibration and 0.81 and 0.80 for validation respectively. During the study period, forest and shrub land decreased by 38% and 48% while, settlement and cultivated land increased by 572% and 7% respectively. Mann– Kendall trend test analysis showed a significant trend in maximum and minimum temperature at 5% significant level, whereas there were three no trend cases for rainfall out of four tested cases and one non-significant decreasing trend. The simulated flow showed a very good agreement with the observed flow data with 0.82 and 0.82 for calibration and 0.81 and 0.80 for validation respectively. Simulation result indicted that LU/LC change increased the wet season flow by 14.5% while decreasing by 9.65% in dry season. In wet season the flow increased by 4.5% while decreased by 3.3% in dry season because of change in climate and seasonal variability. The study showed the increase in stream flows can be directly attributed to the expansion of cultivated lands at a cost of the forested vegetation.

Woody Plant Species Composition, Population Structure and Carbon Sequestration Potential of the A. senegal (L.) Willd Woodland Along a Distance Gradient in North-Western Tigray, Ethiopia

Emiru Birhane,Hafte Gebreslassie,Kidane Giday,Sarah Teweldebirhan,Kiros Meles Hadgu 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2020 Journal of Forest Science Vol.36 No.2

In Ethiopia, dry land vegetation including the fairly intact lowland and western escarpment woodlands occupy the largest vegetation resource of the country. These forests play a central role in environmental regulation and socio-economic assets, yet they received less scientific attention than the moist forests. This study evaluated the woody plant species composition, population structure and carbon sequestration potential of the A. senegal woodland across three distance gradients from the settlements. A total of 45 sample quadrants were laid along a systematically established nine parallel transect lines to collect vegetation and soil data across distance gradients from settlement. Mature tree dry biomass with DBH>2.5 cm was estimated using allometric equations. A total of 41 woody plant species that belong to 20 families were recorded and A. senegal was the dominant species with 56.4 IVI value. Woody plant species diversity, density and richness were significantly higher in the distant plots compared to the nearest plots to settlement (p<0.05). The cumulative DBH class distribution of all individuals had showed an interrupted inverted J-shape population pattern. There were 19 species without seedlings, 15 species without saplings and 14 species without both seedlings and saplings. A significant above ground carbon (5.3 to 12.7 ton ha-1), root carbon (1.6 to 3.6 ton ha-1), soil organic carbon (35.6 to 44.5 ton ha-1), total carbon stock (42.5 to 60.7 ton ha-1) and total carbon dioxide equivalent (157.7 to 222.8 ton ha-1) was observed consistently with an increasing of distance from settlement (p<0.05). Distance from settlement had significant and positive correlation with species diversity and carbon stock at 0.64** and 0.78**. Disturbance intensity may directly influence the variation of species composition, richness and density along the A. senegal woodland. The sustainability of the A. senegal woodland needs urgent protection, conservation and restoration.

Investigation of constantly and transiently propagating cracks in functionally graded materials by dynamic photoelasticity

Kwang Ho Lee,Addis Kidane,Arun Shukla 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.9

In this study, the stress intensity factors (SIFs) for steady and transient propagation of cracks in transparent homogeneous functionally graded materials were analyzed by using the photoelasticity technique. The fracture analysis was carried out for the cracks propagating from a region with high elasticity towards low elasticity, as well as the cracks propagating from a region with low elasticity towards high elasticity. The analysis includes cracks propagating (1) at an almost steady speed, and (2) with the rapid increase, followed by a decrease in speed. For cracks with almost constant velocity, the SIFs were greater when a crack started from a high elasticity region, as compared to the cracks which initiated from a low elasticity region. For cracks propagating with rapid acceleration and deceleration, when the strain energy accumulated in the material due to an increase in load or stress was released at the moment of crack propagation, the SIF was momentarily lowered by approximately 45 %-50 % of the static SIF(before crack initiation), which subsequently increases by approximately 30 % eventually, the crack acceleration approaches nearly zero; the SIF decreases and increases respectively as the crack propagates in a material with decreasing and increasing modulus of elasticity.

Use of an Optical Scanning Device to Monitor the Progress of Noninvasive Treatments for Chest Wall Deformity: A Pilot Study

Robert E. Kelly Jr.,Robert J. Obermeyer,M. Ann Kuhn,Frazier W. Frantz,Mohammad F. Obeid,Nahom Kidane,Frederic D. McKenzie 대한흉부외과학회 2018 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.51 No.6

Background: The nonsurgical treatment of chest wall deformity by a vacuum bell or external brace is gradual, with correction taking place over months. Monitoring the progress of nonsurgical treatment of chest wall deformity has relied on the ancient methods of measuring the depth of the excavatum and the protrusion of the carinatum. Patients, who are often adolescent, may become discouraged and abandon treatment. Methods: Optical scanning was utilized before and after the intervention to assess the effectiveness of treatment. The device measured the change in chest shape at each visit. In this pilot study, patients were included if they were willing to undergo scanning before and after treatment. Both surgical and nonsurgical treatment results were assessed. Results: Scanning was successful in 7 patients. Optical scanning allowed a visually clear, precise assessment of treatment, whether by operation, vacuum bell (for pectus excavatum), or external compression brace (for pectus carinatum). Millimeter-scale differences were identified and presented graphically to patients and families. Conclusion: Optical scanning with the digital subtraction of images obtained months apart allows a comparison of chest shape before and after treatment. For nonsurgical, gradual methods, this allows the patient to more easily appreciate progress. We speculate that this will increase adherence to these methods in adolescent patients.

hPSCreg—the human pluripotent stem cell registry

Seltmann, Stefanie,Lekschas, Fritz,Mü,ller, Robert,Stachelscheid, Harald,Bittner, Marie-Sophie,Zhang, Weiping,Kidane, Luam,Seriola, Anna,Veiga, Anna,Stacey, Glyn,Kurtz, Andreas Oxford University Press 2016 Nucleic acids research Vol.44 No.d1

<P>The human pluripotent stem cell registry (hPSCreg), accessible at http://hpscreg.eu, is a public registry and data portal for human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cell lines (hESC and hiPSC). Since their first isolation the number of hESC lines has steadily increased to over 3000 and new iPSC lines are generated in a rapidly growing number of laboratories as a result of their potentially broad applicability in biomedicine and drug testing. Many of these lines are deposited in stem cell banks, which are globally established to store tens of thousands of lines from healthy and diseased donors. The Registry provides comprehensive and standardized biological and legal information as well as tools to search and compare information from multiple hPSC sources and hence addresses a translational research need. To facilitate unambiguous identification over different resources, hPSCreg automatically creates a unique standardized name for each cell line registered. In addition to biological information, hPSCreg stores extensive data about ethical standards regarding cell sourcing and conditions for application and privacy protection. hPSCreg is the first global registry that holds both, manually validated scientific and ethical information on hPSC lines, and provides access by means of a user-friendly, mobile-ready web application.</P>

Electrophoretic Extraction of microRNA from Clinical Samples using Fabricated Nanofilter Membrane

Kidan LEE,Jae-Hyun KANG,Hyun-Mi KIM,Junhyoung AHN,Hyungjun LIM,Jaejong LEE,Wan-Jin JEON,Jae-Hoon LEE,Ki-Bum KIM 한국생물공학회 2019 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2019 No.4

Direct electrophoretic microRNA preparation from clinical samples using nanofilter membrane

Lee Kidan,강재현,Kim Hyun-Mi,Ahn Junhyoung,Lim Hyungjun,이재종,Jeon Wan-Jin,이재훈,김기범 나노기술연구협의회 2020 Nano Convergence Vol.7 No.2

A method to directly collect negatively charged nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, in the biosamples simply by applying an electric field in between the sample and collection buffer separated by the nanofilter membrane is proposed. The nanofilter membrane was made of low-stress silicon nitride with a thickness of 100 nm, and multiple pores were perforated in a highly arranged pattern using nanoimprint technology with a pore size of 200 nm and a pore density of 7.22 × 10 8 /cm 2 . The electrophoretic transport of hsa-mir-93-5p across the membrane was confirmed in pure microRNA (miRNA) mimic solution using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (qRTPCR). Consistency of the collected miRNA quantity, stability of the system during the experiment, and yield and purity of the prepared sample were discussed in detail to validate the effectiveness of the electrical protocol. Finally, in order to check the applicability of this method to clinical samples, liquid biopsy process was demonstrated by evaluating the miRNA levels in sera of hepatocellular carcinoma patients and healthy controls. This efficient system proposed a simple, physical idea in preparation of nucleic acid from biosamples, and demonstrated its compatibility to biological downstream applications such as qRT-PCR as the conventional nucleic acid extraction protocols.

(주)기단건축사사무소

(주)기단건축사사무소(KIDAN ARCHITECTS, LTD),윤동규(사진) 현대건축사 2022 월간 CONCEPT Vol.- No.279

Single-Molecule Studies of Unlabeled Full-Length p53 Protein Binding to DNA

Nuttall, Philippa,Lee, Kidan,Ciccarella, Pietro,Carminati, Marco,Ferrari, Giorgio,Kim, Ki-Bum,Albrecht, Tim American Chemical Society 2016 The Journal of physical chemistry B Vol.120 No.9

<P>p53 is an antitumor protein that plays an important role in apoptosis, preserving genomic stability and preventing angiogenesis, and it has been implicated in a large number of human cancers. For this reason it is an interesting target for both fundamental studies, such as the mechanism of interaction with DNA, and applications in biosensing. Here, we report a comprehensive study of label-free, full length p53 (flp53) and its interaction with engineered double-stranded DNA in vitro, at the single-molecule level, using atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging and solid-state nanopore sensing. AFM data show that dimeric and tetrameric p53 bind to the DNA in a sequence-specific manner, confirming previously reported relative binding affinities. The statistical significance is tested using both the Grubbs test and stochastic simulations. For the first time, ultralow noise solid-state nanopore sensors are employed for the successful differentiation between bare DNA and p53/DNA complexes. Furthermore, translocation statistics reflect the binding affinities of different DNA sequences, in accordance with AFM data. Our results thus highlight the potential of solid-state nanopore sensors for single-molecule biosensing, especially when labeling is either not possible or at least not a viable option.</P>