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구성태,조명수,황재호,변기원,김경식,손인철 한국전통의학연구소 2002 한국전통의학지 Vol.12 No.1
In the present study, we aimed. to consider the name of twelve main Meridian in order to understand the concept of the Meridian system and to applicate acupuncture theory in the clinical field properly and fundamentally. We referred to several literatures on the matter and we found out that the name of present twelve Meridian was not settled until the period of Yellow Emperor's Classic. In the time of Yellow Emperor's Classic, the two theory of Internal Organ and Meridian system were combined and added new theory of 'WoonGi'. The general rule of combination is that the component of name of Meridian consist of 'Hand' or 'Foot', 'three Eum and Yang' and internal organ. The internal organ coupled with the root ki or middle ki of 'three Eum and Yang' and the 'Hand' or 'Foot' depend on the location of internal organ that belongs to meridian. The name of Twelve Meridian is a kind of system formed to analyze the two concepts organically and dynamically. One is material internal organ and the other is immaterial meridian system.
Expression of Wnt Target Genes in Solid Pseudopapillary Tumor of the Pancreas: A Pilot Study
Kang, Chang Moo,Kim, Hyun Ki,Kim, Hoguen,Choi, Gi Hong,Kim, Kyung Sik,Choi, Jin Sub,Lee, Woo Jung Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2009 PANCREAS Vol.38 No.2
OBJECTIVES:: Solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) of the pancreas is very rare. This study was performed to analyze the expression of Wnt signal target genes (matrix metalloproteinase-7 [MMP-7], cyclin-D1, and c-myc) and Ki-67 in resected SPTs to determine their clinicopathologic characteristics according to their expression. METHODS:: From January 1995 to December 2005, 23 patients underwent pancreatic resections for SPT of the pancreas. Among 23 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, 12 were evaluated as a pilot study. Immunohistochemistry was performed using various detection and antigen retrieval methods to detect MMP-7, cyclin-D1, c-myc, and Ki-67. The expression of Wnt target genes was correlated with clinicopathologic features of the patients. RESULTS:: Solid pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas always showed cytoplasmic/nuclear accumulation of &bgr;-catenin, frequent expression of cyclin-D1, and low proliferation index. MMP-7, cyclin-D1, c-myc, and Ki-67 were not correlated with microscopic features suggesting malignant potential (P > 0.05). Tumor size was closely related to microscopic features of malignant potential and apparently has an inverse relationship with the expression of cyclin-D1 and Ki-67 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS:: Low proliferative index and associated MMP-7 expression may cause an unpredictable clinical course in this tumor. Subtle changes in the intracellular environment, not pathologic (morphologic) changes, may elucidate the unpredictable clinical course of this tumor.
Flangeless Esser PET Phantom 영상 자동 분석 프로그램의 유용성 평가
남궁창경,남기표,김경식,김정선,임기천,신상기,조시만,동경래,NamGung, Chang-Kyeong,Nam, Ki-Pyo,Kim, Kyeong-Sik,Kim, Jeong-Seon,Lim, Ki-Cheon,Shin, Sang-Ki,Cho, Shee-Man,Dong, Kyung-Rae 대한핵의학기술학회 2009 핵의학 기술 Vol.13 No.1
Purpose: ACR (American College of Radiology) offers variable parameters to PET/CT quality control by using ACR Phantom. ACR Phantom was made to evaluate parameters which are uniformity, attenuation, scatter, contrast and resolution. Manual analysis method wasn't good for the use of QC because values of parameter were changed as it may user and it takes long time to analysis. Ki-Chun Lim, a nuclear scientist in AMC, developed program that automatically analysis values of parameter by using ACR Phantom to overcome above problems. In this study, we evaluated automatic analysis program's usability, through the comparing SUV of each method, reproducibility of SUV when repeated analysis and the time required. Materials and Methods: Using Flangeless Esser PET Phantom, the ideal ratio of 4 : 1 hot cylinder and BKG but it actually showed a ratio of 3.89 to 1 hot cylinder and BKG. SIEMENS Biograph True Point 40 was used in this study. We obtained images using ACR phantom at Fusion WB PET Scan condition (2 min/bed) and 120 kV, 100 mAs CT condition. Using True X method, 3 iterations, 14 subsets, Gaussian filter, FWHM 4 mm and Zoom Factor 1.0, $168{\times}168$ image size. We obtained Max. & Min. SUV and SUV Mean values at Cylinder (8, 12, 16, 25 mm, Air, Bone, Water, BKG) by automatic program and obtained SUV by manual method. After that, we compared manual and automatic method. we estimate the time required from opened the image data to final work sheet was completed. Results: Automatic program always showed same result and same the time required. At 8, 12, 16 and 25 m cylinder, manual method showed 6.69, 3.46, 2.59, 1.24 CV values. The larger cylinder size became, the smaller CV became. In manual method, bone, air, water's CV were over 9.9 except BKG (2.32). Obtained CV of Mean SUV showed BKG was low (0.85) and bone was high (7.52). The time required was 45 second, 882 second respectably. Conclusions: As a result of difference automatic method and manual method, automatic method showed always same result, manual method showed that the smaller hot cylinders became, the lager CV became. Hot cylinders mean region size, the smaller hot cylinder size becomes we had some trouble in doing ROI poison setting. And it means increase in variation of SUV. The Study showed the time required of automatic method was shorten then manual method.
모바일 컴퓨팅 환경에서의 사용자 위치 관리 기법들에 대한 비교 분석
공기식 남서울대학교 2014 남서울대학교 논문집 Vol.20 No.1-2
Location management is one of the most important and challenging issues in mobile computing environments. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview on the location management techniques for various mobile computing environments such as wireless cellular networks, mobile IPv6-based networks, and proxy mobile IPv6-based networks. Then, we compare and analyze them from the viewpoint of the main features of each network (e.g., functional entities, location management operations, etc.). Our comparative and analytical results demonstrate that even if the main characteristics, the strong and weak points of each location management scheme are different each other, the underlying principles and techniques of location management schemes, regardless of serving network types, essentially show much resemblance each other in terms of conceptual aspects. Such results are expected to be easily tailored for providing more efficient mobility/QoS support in next-generation wireless mobile networks.
황기식 동아대학교 동아시아연구원 2011 동아시아 : 비교와 전망 Vol.10 No.3
해외직접투자(Foreign Direct Investment)에 대한 연구는 다양한 측면에서 진행되어 왔다. 연구경향에 있어 최근 흥미로운 점은 탄소배출권과 관련하여 청정개발체제 투자시 투자 상대국을 결정함에 있어 기존의 직접투자와 어떤 차이점을 보이는지에 대한 연구가 활성화 되고 있다는 점이다. 본 연구는 청정개발체제와 관련된 투자 결정 요인이 기존의 요인과 유사하게 진행되는 점과 독특하게 진행되는 부분으로 나누어 투자 결정 요인에 관한 새로운 분석을 시도하였다. 이제 청정개발체제는 비부속서 국가들이 주요 국가 시책으로 지원하는 경쟁 체제에 돌입하게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 청정개발체제 투자를 유치하기 위한 유인요소로 탄소배출량이 가장 직접적 항목이라 가정하고, 필수적으로 전제되어야 할 사항을 제시한다. 즉 투자수용국이 갖추어야 할 제도적 인프라는 최소한의 법적 수행을 담당할 기관이 존재해야 하며, 투자수용국 정부가 자국의 실정에 맞는 감축 분야를 지정하고 제도적 지원 체제를 갖추어야 한다는 것이다. 연구의 핵심가정을 검증하기 위해 본 연구는 ‘UN환경계획’ 에서 제공하는 ‘국가별 청정개발체제 사업별 진행사항’ 과 'UN기후변화 협약'이 제공하는 ‘국가별 탄소배출 수치’ 등의 다양한 자료를 수집하고 분석한다. 본 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 향후 포스트 교토 체제에서도, 청정개발 체제의 존속은 설립 취지에 맞게 유지되어야 할 것이며, 지적된 문제점을 보완할 만한 제도가 마련되어야 한다. 특히 개도국 간 환경의 양극화 문제는 청정개발체제 분야의 향후 주요한 연구과제가 될 것이다. One of the most interesting academic trend in recent Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) studies is that social scientists show their interests towards the issue of how Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) has attracted inward investment. This paper tries to analyze the similarities and differences between inward investment attraction factors between conventional types FDI and new CDM FDI. Under this research aim, it analyses the determinant of Clean Development Mechanism. The author believes that CDM will be also effective in the Post-Kyoto period. To verify its research hypothesis, it has found many primary data such as : - various reports from 'The United Nations Environment Programme' and figures on individual member countries from 'The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change'.