Hermann Hesse의「Siddhartha」에 나타난 단일성사상 연구

權奇錄 서울大學校 人文學硏究所 1986 人文論叢 Vol.16 No.-

Im Jahre 1922 erschien "Siddhartha", eine indische Dichtung, deren Inhalt Hesse selbst als den Ertrag seines Lebens und zugleich einer bald 20 jahrigen Vertrautheit mit den Gedanken Indiens Chinas ansah. Hesse hat "Siddhartha" in zwei Teile gegliedert, den ersten in vier Kapitel, den zweiten in acht Kapitel. Anf Grund der inneren Struktur, ist man sich jedoch daruber einig, den "Siddhartha" in drei Teile zu je vier Kapiteln aufzuteilen. Der Fluβ ist das Symbol, das die auseinanderstrebenden Krafte integriert und zusammenschlieβt : er hat fur Hesses "indische Dichtung" eine zentrale Bedeutung. Was ich aber in dieser Abhandlung besonders ergrunden mochte, ist das Erlebnis der Einheit der Hauptfigur Siddhartha. Am Anfang zweifelt Siddhartha nicht daran, daβ ein jeder das Selbst (den Atman der Inder) in sich tragt, und daβdas Selbst zugleich eins mit dem Weltall ist. Aber er kennt den Weg nicht, um zum Selbst zu gelangen. Siddhartha, von seinem Gefuhl geleitet, daβdie Lehren des Brahmanismus ihn nicht befriedigen, faβt den Entschluβ, seinen Elternhaus zu verlassen, sich gemeinsam mit seinem Freund Govinda den Asketen und Weltvereinern, den Samanas anzuschlieβen. So versucht Siddhartha, von dem empirischen Ich auf dem Weg der Kasteiung und Yoga wegzustreben und zum Selbst zu gelangen. Als er jedoch nach und nach einsehen muβ, daβAskese und Yoga ihn nur immer weiter von sich selbst entfernen, macht er sich eines Tages auf den Weg zu dem Buddha, um dessen Lehren kennenzulernen. Doch wahrend Govinda zufrieden seine Zuflucht zu Buddhas Lehren nimmt, erkennt Siddhartha, daβer seinen eigenen Weg suchen muβ, unabhangig von allen Lehren. Diese Besinnung auf sich selbst ist sein Erwachen. Jetzt will er das empirische Ich und die Welt nicht mehr negieren und als Maya(Illusion) abtun, sondern in ihr den Weg zum Selbst suchen. So laβt er das nur auf den Geist gerichtete Leben hinter sich. Mit gewandelter Sicht, geht Siddhartha auf die Welt der Sinne und des Miterlebens zu. Mit der Unterstutzung der Kurtisane Kamala wird Siddhartha bald so wohlhabend, daβer sich alle ihm wunschenswert erscheinenden Freuden des Lebens leisten kann. Nach vielen Jahren aber sieht er ein, daβdieser Weg ebenso toricht gewesen war wie der Weg der Askese; daβsein luxurioses Leben sein eigentliches Selbst eingehullt und betaubt hat in eben derselben zersetzenden Weise wie zuvor die Ubungen des Joga. Also beschlieβt er, aus der Scheinwelt Sansaras auszubrechen und seinen eigenen Weg anzutreten. Siddhartha verlaβt heimlich die Scheinwelt und kehrt zuruck an den Fluβ, wo er, auf dem Gipfel seiner Verzweiflung, beinahe Selbstmord begeht. Nach dem Selbstmordversuch folgt sein letztes Erwachen, ein Erwachen aus der Verzweiflung in ein vollig neues Dasein hinein. Wahrend seines Zusammenlebens mit dem weisen Fahrmann Vasudeva lernt Siddhartha von dem Fluβ, daβ es keine Zeit gibt und daβalles Seiende eine Einheit bildet. Siddhartha hat das, was der Fluβihn lehrte, so gut behalten, daβer nun selbst die Vollkommenheit und Gleichzeitigkeit ausstrahlt, die der Fluβ symbolisiert. Siddharthas letztes Ziel ist das Bejahen der Einheit, die hinter den sheinbaren Polaritaten allem Seienden liegt, ein Bejahen aus Liebe. Die Annaherung Siddharthas an den Zustand des Einheitsbewuβtseins spiegelte sich in immer groβer werdender Ahnlichkeit zu Vasudeva und seine Vollendung im Erreichen des gleichen wissenden Lachelns. Dieses Lacheln ist ein Symbol der inneren Vollendung; innere Vollendung aber bedeutet bei Hesse das Sich-Bewuβt-Werden uber die Einheit, Ganzheit und Gleichzeitigkeit alles Seienden. Er hat die Vollendung erlangt, weil er die Ganzheit der Welt bejahte, sie aufnahm als einen Teil seiner selbst und sich als einen Teil der Weltentwicklung verstehen lernte.

실시간 분광 엘립소메트터를 이용한 a-Si박막의 crystallization현상 연구

오영록,최은호,이기용,방경윤,안일신,김옥경 한양대학교 이학기술연구소 2004 이학기술연구지 Vol.7 No.

실시간 측정과 in-situ 측정을 하기 위해 실시간 분광 엘립소메트터 (real-time spectroscopic rotating compensator ellipsometer) 를 제작 방법을 연구하였다. 높은 온도 에서 얻어지는 Poly-Silicon은Glass에 변형이 생기므로 저온에서의 Poly-Silicon을 만들기 위하여 ni기판에 a-Si 박막을 성장 시킨후 그위에 투명전극을 올려 300℃ 이하의 저온에서 Ni과 투명전극에 전기장을 걸어 주었을때 a-Si이 Poly-Silicon 으로 바뀌는 crystallization 현상을 직접 제작한 ellipsometer 를 이용하여 실시간으로 관찰하였다. We make real-time spectroscopic rotating compensator ellipsometer for real time measurement and in-situ measurement. We study a method to make Poly silicon after depositing amomhous silicon thin film by dc sputter system at different temperature and pressure. Amorphous silicon films of 30㎚ thickness were deposited on the Ni substrate, and then ITO films of 20㎚ thickness were deposited on the a-Si films. The sampie were crystallized below 300℃ in the electric field applied between the Ni and ITO.

골수 단핵구 배양에 대한 조혈성장인자의 효과

도영록,권기영 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1997 계명의대학술지 Vol.16 No.2

Now a days, hematopoietic stem cell transplatation can be used as an effective treatment modality for bone marrow failure syndromes such as aplastic anemia, malignancies, and certain metabolic disease. Hematopoietic stem cells are the population of cells capable both of self renewal and differentiation into a variety of hematopoietic lineages. It is suggested that clinical practice in the areas of bone marrow transplantation and gene therapy might rely on the ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. The enumeration of cell expression of CD34 and granulocyte macrophage colony forming unit (CFU-GM) are used for assessing the efficacy of human hematopoietic stem cell enrichment technique. The colony stimulating factors (CSF) stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cells. We pursued a series of experiments to define the proper conditions for the expansion of hematopoietic stem cells in the short term liquid suspension culture of bone marrow cells and to define optimal combination of colony stimulating factors(CSFs). Liquid cultures were initiated with 1x10 bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM MNCs), and innoculated with 1x10 CD 34 cells, which were isolated from BM MNCs by flow cytometry, in 3 well petri dishes with the various hematopoietic growth factors (HGF). The recombinant human HGFs used are 100ng/mL of stem cell factor (SCF), 100 ng/mL of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), 100 ng/mL of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), 100ng/mL of interleukin-3 (IL-3) and combination of SCF 100ng/mL, GM-CSF 100ng/mL, IL-3 100ng/mL. At the end of the culture, colony forming cells were evaluated by semisolid clonogenic assay(CFU-GM) and CD34+ cells were enumerated with flow cytometry. On the third day of the culture, CD34+ cells were expanded 14.98 fold with the addition of SCF, 7.82 fold with G-CSF, 11.12 fold with GM-CSF, 15.53 fold with IL-3 and 18.32 fold with SCF, GM-CSF and IL-3. On the seventh day of the culture, CD34+ cells were expanded 5.82 fold with SCF,5.91 fold with G-CSF,13.94 fold with GM-CSF, 6.43 fold with IL-3 and 9.45 fold with SCF, GM-CSF and IL-3. In CFU-GM assay of the three day culture, CFU-GM counts were 37.5 with SCF, 74.1 with G-CSF, 90.5 with GM-CSF, 126.7 with IL-3, and 125.8 with SCF, GM-CSF and IL-3. The CFU-GM counts of the seven day culture are 31.4 with SCF, 44.6 with G-CSF, 42.3 with GM-CSF, 55.2 with IL-3, and 90.2 with SCF, GM-CSF and IL-3. The three day culture of BM MNCs was more effective than the seven day culture of CD34+ cell expansion and CFU-GM expansion. The results of this study suggest that short term culture of bone marrow cells could expand hematopoietic progenitor cells with the addition of HGFs. Especially, three day culture of BM MNCs with the addition of SCF, GM-CSF and IL-3 might be the most efficient in this system.

지방자치단체 웹 사이트 구축 전략 연구 : 관광정보 안내를 중심으로

송기범,박일록,유도삼 조선대학교 통계연구소 1999 統計硏究所論文誌 Vol.1 No.1

Many people can get various services from Internet by spreading of rapid provision of the high quality and low price of personal computer in recent development of network communication. WEB service especially did a great job of spreading the use of Internet and as a result, many works are in the progress of constructing successful WEB sites over the world. Each local autonomous entities in Korea analyze the aspect of Home-page, suggest the case of foreign country, the effective way of constructing of Home-page and the way of advertising Home-page to set up successful WEB sites. The effort is well shown to suggest an effective solution for constructing local autonomous entity's tourism publicity. indicating the problem of present local autonomous entity's Home-page and the solution especially with the tourist information.

자가골 이식과 골유착상 임프란트를 이용한 하악골 개선

전주홍,박기광,조경엽,이상대,송정록 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1995 충남의대잡지 Vol.22 No.1

Bony defects of mandible caused by trauma, infection, or tumor resection have been reconstructed by autologous bone graftings. These reconstruction can restore facial contour and integrity of the oral cavity. However, it is often necessary to reduce the bulk of bone to allow soft tissue coverage of the graft. Therefore, the construction of removable dentures in this situation is fraught with frustation. The use of osseointegrated implants is a method to allow improved anchorage and support for the successful fabrication of dental protheses. We report two cases of the use of osseointegrated implants of the Branemark type(3i), in conjunction with bone grafting to the lower jaw.

분만 후 심한 저혈당이 동반된 림프구성 뇌하수체염 1예의 경과 관찰

손장명,고승현,안유배,주강,이정록,양성은,송기호,손호영,전정수 대한내분비학회 2003 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.18 No.3

저자들은 출산 후 발생한 심한 저혈당을 주소로 내원한 31세 여자 환자에서 뇌 자기공명영상검사에서 뇌하수체종괴가 관찰되고 복합 뇌하수체 기능검사 결과전반적인 뇌하수체 기능저하증의 소견을 보여 림프구성 뇌하수체염을 진단하고, 호르몬 보충요법만으로 경과를 관찰하여 호전된 예를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Lymphocytic hypophysitis, an inflammatory disease of the pituitary gland that is often associated with pregnancy, is caused by autoimmune destruction of the pituitary gland evidenced by diffuse inflammatory cell infiltration of the pituitary gland and some kinds of detectable autoantibodies. We report a case of lymphocytic hypophysitis in a 31-year-old woman presenting with severe hypoglycemia and hyponatremia after delivery. Hormonal study revealed panhypopituitarism and magnetic resonance imaging with enhancement showed the bulging contour of the right side pituitary gland with an ill-defined mass-like lesion and nodular thickening of the stalk The patient's symptoms and biochemical data improved greatly with replacement of L-thyroxine and glucocorticoid. Partial recovery of panhypopituitarism was also seen. The follow-up tests revealed dramatic resolution of the pituitary lesion (J Kor SOC Endocrinol 1 8 : 3 25 -33 1, 2003).

폐렴으로 병발된 범발성 혈관내 응고증의 Antithrombin III 치험 1례

서중산,최호열,김현수,이록윤,오흥국,박영석,정기석,박근칠,선덕제 한림대학교의료원 1994 人間科學 Vol.18 No.9

적외선 체열 영상의 표준화 연구 부위별 대표 혈위를 중심으로

최영곤,임청산,권기록,Choi, Young-Chon,Lim, Chung-San,Kwon, Ki-Rok 대한약침학회 2008 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.11 No.3

Objective: The purpose of this study was to invigorate the use of infrared thermal imaging apparatus as a diagnostic tool in Oriental medicine by providing standard temperature on specific acupoints. Methods: Subjects for the study was recruited through an advertisement in the school homepage(www.sangji.ac.kr) explaining the objectives and methods. 100 volunteers agreeing to terms were selected and measured the full body thermal image. Common acupoints used in the clinical surrounding were chosen and final 63 acupoints were selected for the measurement. Male/female and right/left readings were obtained for the analysis. Results: Following results were obtained from analyzing the body temperature of 50 male subjects and 50 female subjects 1. Subjects participating in the study ranged from 19 years of age to 44 years. Median male age at $26.86{\pm}6.02$ and female age at $22.88{\pm}2.74$, respectively. 2. For all acupoints, no significant differences were witnessed between the gender and right, left side of the body. 3. 10 acupoints from the facial region(18 bilateral), 8 acupoints from the chest/abdomen region(10 bilateral), 6 acupoints from the back region(11 bilateral), 17 acupoints from the upper extremity(34 bilateral), and 22 acupoints from the lower extremity(44 bilateral) were chosen. 4. In the facial region, BL2 showed the highest temperature and GV26 showed the lowest. 5. In the chest/abdomen region, CV22 showed the highest temperature and CV6 showed the lowest. 6. In the back region, GV14 showed the highest temperature and BL23 showed the lowest. 7. In the upper extremity region, jianqian(extra point) showed the highest temperature and baxie(extra point) showed the lowest. 8. In the lower extremity region, KI1 and bafeng(extra point) shoed the highest temperature and BL40 showed the lowest. Conclusions: Based on the standard body temperature measured on specific acupoints throughout the body, we hope these findings can trigger further studies on applications of infrared thermal imaging and clinical usage in the field of oriental medicine.

Comparative study of Various Ginseng Herbal Acupuncture(By measuring the increase of life span of mice and Expression of cytokine mRNA )

Ki Rok Kwon,Byung Woo Kim 대한침구의학회 2005 대한침구의학회지 Vol.22 No.2

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate anti-cancer effects of various ginseng herbal acupuncture in mice and expression of cytokine mRNA. Methods : Anti-cancer effects of various ginseng herbal acupuncture were tested by measuring the increase of life span of mice suffering from peritoneal cancer induced by Sarcoma-180, and expression of mRNA manifestation using RT-PCR. The results are as follows: Results : 1. Increase of life span of mice suffering from peritoneal cancer induced by Sarcoma-180 was measured for anti-cancer effects. As a result, 115% increase was shown in the cultivated wild ginseng group, 11.1% increase in the red ginseng group, and no increase was detected in either white ginseng and fresh ginseng groups. 2. Measuring the expression of cytokine mRNA manifestation, expression of interferon-γ was slightly increased in the cultivated wild ginseng group compared to the control group, but manifestation of interleukin-10 was slightly decreased. 3. For the red ginseng, white ginseng, and fresh ginseng experiment groups II, IL-2, IL-4, INF-γ, and IL-10 all showed increase suggesting possible error occurring during the test process. Conclusion : From the results obtained in this study, we can reason that the ginseng we use may not match the ginseng cited in the texts of the past. Anti-cancer effects of cultivated wild ginseng can be more potent than those of white and fresh ginseng.

Clinical Observation of Multiple Metastatic Cancer Patient with Hepatocellular Carcinoma treated with Cultivated Wild Ginseng Herbal Acupuncture Therapy

Ki-Rok Kwon,Chi-Wan Park,Min-Soo Ra,Chong-Kwan Cho 대한침구의학회 2005 대한침구의학회지 Vol.22 No.2

Objectives : Terminal stage cancer patient from primary hepatocellular carcinoma metastasized into lungs was administered with cultivated wild ginseng herbal acupuncture for 5 months and observed progression. Methods : Cultivated wild ginseng herbal acupuncture was administered 5 times a week at about 150cc dosage per week. Dynamic CT was taken and interpreted at a university hospital. Results : Above patient was diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma and received one procedure of lobectomy and three procedures of TACE, but because of metastasis, chance of improvement was very obscure. Intensive treatment of cultivated wild ginseng herbal acupuncture five times a week for five months in association with moxibustion was done on the patient. Near elimination of the cancer cells metastasized into lungs were confirmed in terms of radiological impression through dynamic CT. Conclusion : From the results obtained in this study, cultivated wild ginseng herbal acupuncture can be an effective measure against terminal stage cancer. But this is a single case study and lack of extensive follow-up must be compensated by further researches.