Comparison of Proliferative Activity in Each Histological Subtypes of Benign and Atypical Intracranial Meningiomas by PCNA and Ki-67 Immunolabeling

최승진,장은덕,권성오,계대곤,박춘근,이상원,강준기,Choi, Seung Jin,Chang, Eun Deok,Kwon, Seung Oh,Kye, Dae Kon,Park, Choon Keun,Lee, Sang Won,Kang, Joon Ki The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2000 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.29 No.9

목 적 : 양성 뇌수막종에 비하여 이형성 및 악성 뇌수막종이 나쁜 임상적인 예후 및 양상을 보이는 것은 잘 알려져 있으나, 양성 뇌수막종에 있어서 각각의 병리조직학적 아형에 따른 생물학적 양상의 차이에 대해서는 잘 알려지지 않거나 일부 논란이 되고있다. 본 연구에서는 이형성 뇌수막종 및 양성 뇌수막종의 각각의 병리조직학적 아형에 따른 증식능의 차이여부를 알아보고자 PCNA와 Ki-67표지지수를 분석하였다. 방 법 : 본원에서 뇌수막종으로 수술을 시행하여 얻은, 재발을 보여 재수술을 시행한 2례를 포함하여, 파라핀에 포매시킨 27개의 조직을 대상으로 병리학적인 증식능을 분석하기 위해, PCNA에 대한 단일항체 및 MIB-1 단일항체를 이용한 면역조직화학적 염색을 시행하였다. 조직학적 분류상 meningothelial type이 8례, transitional type이 9례, fibroblastic type이 5례였으며, 이형성 수막종이 5례였다. 결 과 : PCNA표지지수의 평균값은 양성 수막종에서 meningothelial type이 $4.82{\pm}5.10%$, transitional type이 $9.01{\pm}4.25%$, fibroblastic type이 $5.66{\pm}5.32%$를 보였으나 이형성 수막종에서는 $27.62{\pm}19.67%$의 높은 지수를 나타냈고, Ki-67 표지지수의 평균값은 양성 수막종의 아형에서 각각 $0.43{\pm}0.85%$, $0.44{\pm}1.08%$, $0.24{\pm}0.18%$를 보이고, 역시 이형성 수막종에서는 $0.84{\pm}0.59%$의 높은 지수를 보였다. 즉, 양성 수막종에서 각각의 아형에 따른 PCNA 및 Ki-67 표지지수는 통계학적으로 의미있는 차이는 없었으나(p>0.05), 이형성 수막종에서는 의미있는 높은 표지지수를 보여(p<0.05) 양성 수막종에서 보다 높은 증식능을 보임을 알 수 있었다. 결 론 : PCNA 및 Ki-67 표지지수를 이용한 증식능의 비교결과, 양성 뇌수막종에서는 각각의 아형에 따른 생물학적 양상이나 예후는 차이가 없을것으로 생각되나, 이형성 수막종에서는 높은 증식능을 보여 이에 대한 예후를 예상할 수 있을것으로 생각되며, 또한 이러한 표지지수가 병리조직학적으로 양성과 이형성의 감별에 많은 도움이 될것으로 사료된다. Objective : The clinical prognosis and biological behavior of atypical and especially malignant meningiomas are well known to be worse than benign meningioma, but the degree of biological aggressiveness in each classical subtypes of benign meningioma is controversy. This study was performed to see whether there is a difference in the proliferative activity between each different histological subtypes of benign meningioma as well as atypical meningioma. Methods : Paraffin-embedded surgical specimens of 27 meningiomas, including two recurrent tumors, were studied to evaluate proliferative activity by immunohistochemical method with monoclonal antibodies to proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) and MIB-1. The specimens consisted of 8 cases of meningothelial, 9 cases of transitional, 5 cases of fibroblastic subtypes and 5 cases of atypical meningiomas. Results : Mean PCNA labeling indices of meningothelial, transitional and fibroblastic meningiomas were $4.82{\pm}5.10%$, $9.01{\pm}4.25%$ and $5.66{\pm}5.32%$, but that of atypical meningiomas was $27.62{\pm}19.67%$, noting a higher value compared to all three subtypes of benign meningiomas. Mean Ki-67 labeling indices of the above 3 subtypes were $0.43{\pm}0.85%$, $0.44{\pm}1.08%$ and $0.24{\pm}0.18%$, and that of atypical meningiomas was also revealed to be of higher value ($0.84{\pm}0.59%$). PCNA and Ki-67 labeling indices were not statistically different between histological subtypes of benign meningioma(p>0.05), but the differences of both immunolabeling between benign and atypical meningiomas were statistically significant(p<0.05). Conclusion : Immunolabeling of PCNA and Ki-67 in intracranial meningiomas reveals no prognostic difference between meningothelial, transitional and fibroblastic subtypes in classical benign meningiomas by measuring expression of PCNA and Ki-67, but it seems to be helpful in differentiating benign and atypical meningioma, later showing more proliferative activity and biological aggressiveness.

筋小胞體의 ATPase Kinetics에 關한 硏究

朴映淳,李承兩,朴泰水,庾基洙,李 弘,金允坤 圓光大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.16 No.2

본 연구에서는 토끼 골격근 소포체에서 분리한 근소포체의 ATPase활성에 대한 일반적 특성과 수종의 2가 양이온(??)의 영향에 관한 연구를 하였다. ATPase활성과 Ca uptake에 미치는 2가 양이온의 저해 효과와 저해기작은 Dixon plot, Lineweaver-Burk plot, Hanes-Woolf plot, Woolf-Augustinsson-Hofstee plot, Eadie-Scatchard plot, Arrhenius plot등을 이용하여 분석하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 근소포체의 ATPase는 ??과 ??의 존재하에서 활성화 되어지며 ??의 농도가 4mM일 때 ??의 최적 농도는 0.1mM이었다. 2. 근소포체의 ATPase는 ??-ATPase와 (??)-ATPase로 구성되어 있고 (??) - ATPase의 활성은 ??-ATPase의 활성보다 높았다. 3. ATPase의 활성화 에너지는 약 19Kcal/mol이었다. 4. ATPase 활성에 미치는 2가 양이온은 12.5㎛과 400㎛의 범위 내에서 이온 농도가 증가됨에 따라서 활성도는 점점 감소되었다. 5. ATPase활성율 50% 저해시키는데 2가 양이온의 농도는 Ki값과 같아서 ??, ??, ?? Pd ??에 대한 각각의 농도는 10㎛, 30㎛, 130㎛ 및 350㎛이었다. 특히 ??은 저 농도에서 (12.5-100㎛)는 활성제로, 고농도에서 (200-400㎛)는 저해제로 작용하는 것 같다. 6. 2가 양이온은 ATPase의 Km에는 변화를 주지 않으나 Vmax의 저하를 일으키는 것으로 보아 비경쟁 저해제임이 판정되었다. 7. 2가 양이온은 가역적 저해제임이 판명되었다. 8. Ca 吸收能에 대한 CuCl₂의 阻害는 50~500㎛의 CuCl₂농도에서 현저히 나타났으며 이 현상은 Ca 吸收能과 ATPase 活性과 밀접한 관계를 보여주는 것이다. General properties of the ATPase and the effects of the divalent cations (??) on the total ATPase activity of the fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum (FSR) isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle were investigated in the present resent research. The inhibitory effect of divalent cations on the FSR ATPase activity and its mechanism were analyzed by various plots such as Dixon plot, Lineweaver-Burk plot, Hanes-woolf plot, Eadie-Scatchard plot and Arrhenius plot. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The FSR ATPase is activated by ?? and ??; the optimum concentration of is 0.1 mM in the presence of 4 mM MgCl₂. 2. The FSR ATPase could be distinguished as ??-ATPase and (??)-ATPase. The activity of (??)-ATPase predomiant over that of ??-ATPase. 3. The apparent energies of activation for total ATPase was approximately 19Kcal/mole. 4. The inhibitory effects of the divalent cations on the enzyme activity increased as the concentrations of the divalent cations increased in the concentrations between 12.5 and 400㎛. 5. Concentration of 50% inhibition for each divalent cation was almost identical with the inhibition constant (ki). The Ki's were 10,30,130, and 350㎛ for ??, ??, ??, and ??, respectively. ?? seemed to be anactivator at lower concentrations and an inhibior at higher concentratios. 6. The divalent cations did not change the Km but decreased the Vmax of the FRS ATPase, suggesting that they are noncompetitive inhibitors on the FSR ATPase. 7. The divalent cations were also found to be revesible inhibitors on the FSR ATPase. 8. The inhibitory effect of CuCl₂on a uptake increased as the concentration CuCl₂increased in the range between 50㎛.

理性槪念에 관한 硏究(Ⅱ) : 독일관념론철학과 이성개념 The concept of reason in classical German idealistic philosophy

김기곤 釜山大學校 1984 人文論叢 Vol.26 No.1

This treatise examines the opistermological achievments of I. Kant and J. G. Fichte concerning the concept of reason within classical German idealistic philosophy, To summarize their achievment, it can be formalated that they inquired into the concept of reason as unconditional selfdetermination of subject. However, once we deeply appreciate Kant's epistemology, we can see that dialectical characteristics of subject lie in the several function of intellect that hold together' manifolds received through sensibility and unify them into knowledge. This dialectical characteristics indeed gave a due that dialectical method came to occur within German idealistic philosophy and reflections on that method were set about in earnest. But these points which should have been developed naturally were given up within Kant's philcsophy itself. The reason is that the ground of Kant's epistemology was fundamentally built on the schema of a dualistic world view between subject and object. In the Fichite's epistemology, though it was assumed that object should be apprehended as the thing that yielded by subject, all the functions of subject that elucidated by Kant-pure forms of intellect, several ideas of reason, that is, theoretical and practical functions of human reason-are deducted and unfolded as the whole dialectical moment and stage of integrated reason. However, Fichite's dialectic was slopped at the stage of deduction of subject-subject and finally couldn't yield any objective contents. Thus this treatise concludes that dialectical method as a method of knowledge is the whole forms which expresses that subject becomes self-consciousness and simultaneously that that method should be the whole forms of movement of object itself.

大學路 Context의 變化 特性에 관한 硏究 : 形態構成要素의 分析을 中心으로 Focused on the Analysis of Structural Elements of Form

김유곤,서기영 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 2000 論文集 Vol.51 No.2

This study aims to know the changed urban and architectural context of Tae-Hak No through analyzing the elements of building form, and to know user's recognition of the changed context through the survey. Tae-Hak No which has been grown up according to urban design has a meaning as "place". The place, formed a context, but new types of buildings have been emerging by commercialization. As a result this trend has been forming a new context and the user recognizes it.

미래사회에 요구되는 교육적 인간상 : 그 성격과 과제

김기민,전영곤 昌原大學校 學生生活硏究所 1996 학생생활연구 Vol.9 No.-

理性槪念에 관한 硏究(Ⅴ) : The formulation of Hegel's dialectical reason(1) 헤겔의 변증법적 이성의 성립(1)

김기곤 釜山大學校 1993 人文論叢 Vol.43 No.1

Hegel was sure that the Enlightenment culminated in Kent and Fichte be nothing but the period of the idolization of <a wrong form of> reason. That is, Hegel thought that the finite was worshipped as tile absolute as a result of understanding's being put in place of reason erroneously. The infinite escribed in the system of Kant's and Fichte's philosophy of subjectivity is only that which is in fact posited by understanding. It is a product of the form of reason that ends only in the negation of the finite. Such a wrong form of proper should be "recovered" from such a wrong form of reason. The essay, focusing itself on this principle enunciation of reason, exampines the process in which Hegel surpasses critically the philosophy of subjectivity that is based upon the dichotomy of subject and object.

哲學的 人間學의 基礎 諸槪念에 대한 硏究(Ⅲ) : formation of the cognition of other self 他我認識의 生成

金基坤 釜山大學校 1982 人文論叢 Vol.22 No.1

이성개념에 관한 연구(Ⅵ) : 헤겔의 변증법적 이성의 성립(2) The formation of Hegel's dialectical reason(2)

김기곤 釜山大學校 1995 人文論叢 Vol.46 No.1

This Essay is an examination of several concepts of Hegel's dialectic on its ontological ground. What buttresses Hegel's dialectic is, I think "the ontology of reality-subjectivity" which is constituted from his view point of 'apprehending the ale as subjectivity as well is reality'.(Hegel, Pha¨nomeonologie des Geistes, herg. V. Hoffmeister.J.,F.19) Thus in this essay I explicate the inner structure of Hegel's dialecric by examining several determinations in his dialectit, especially such basic conceptions as 'distinctions and the other'(Das Andere),' reality and subjectivity', 'the structure of reflection', 'essence and appearance', and 'negativity'.

羊毛 Crimp의 橫壓縮擧動에 關한 硏究

楊澈坤,裵基瑞 충남대학교 공업기술개발연구소 1976 工業技術開發硏究所論文集 Vol.3 No.2

Concerning with the mechanics of wool crimps deformation, the tensile and torsional behavior along the longitudinal axis have been studied by many authors. However, published papers reporting the lateral behavior are extremely limited in number. In the present study, attempts have been made to investigate the lateral compressive behavior of wool crimps (Polwarth 65'^s ram). The main results are; 1) For the crimps of sine curve form, the variation of E.C.D. may be obtained by var.E.C.D.=(FR^3)/(4EI)(π-8/π) 2) For the crimps of helix form, the lateral compressive force F per pitch is obtained by the sum F_1+F_2, where F_1 is the force due to the bending deformation and F_2 the force associated with the torsional deformation.

理性槪念에 관한 硏究(Ⅲ) : The concept of reason in classical German idealistic philosophy 독일관념론 철학과 이성개념(2)

김기곤 釜山大學校 1985 人文論叢 Vol.28 No.1

This treatise clarifies some beneficial contributions of Schelling within German idealistic philosophy. Creative achivements in Schelling's philosophy are that he seted up the dialectical formulations about the growing course of nature and the consistency between spirit and nature. Schelling descrived nature as productive capacity. In his philosophy, nature is not only limitless continuity of products, but especially productive (creative) course. Schelling had different opinion from Hegel, that is, he refused the view that nature is some external circulation and he asserted that nature is creative life and that all moving shapes of nature carry out mutuality and promote to various forms of system. In Schelling's nature philosophy, moving course of spirit begins to develop through extension of nature in itself. Spirit begins to develop in involuntary organism at first, but it makes gradual progress in fullness of that's output and raises to conscious spirit at man. In this point of view, man is the highest product of nature. Because of not simply be has spirit and is confronted with nature in the capacity of mentality, but be is spirit of nature's spirit. This treatise about Schelling's nature philosophy prescribes his theory's accurate position in developemental tradition of German idealictic philosophy and especially investigates the thesis, that is, "Man's spirit is phenomenological form of absolute spirit which includes all actuality. " as center of the problem.