Assessing Social and Work Environmental Factors Towards Women Upward Career Development: An Empirical Study from Pakistan

Nabila KHURSHID,Aleena NASEER,Jamila KHURSHID,Arif Masih KHOKHAR,Muhammad IRFAN 한국유통과학회 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.1

The goal of this research was to find the relationship between the work environment and societal issues that impede women’s advancement to senior management positions. The study included 500 women professionals from diverse firms in Pakistan’s business sector, of whom 100 were chosen as the sample size using a purposive sampling method. Experts confirmed the validity of the study tool, which was a questionnaire, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to verify its reliability (0.704–0.982). The model’s standardized regression coefficients suggested that social factors (0.298) were the most important factors determining women’s empowerment in terms of career development and that they were further influenced by factors related to the work environment (0.411). It was concluded that organizational rules for female employees assist them to maintain a balance between work and family, resulting in a less stressful working environment. The role of the social factor as a mediator is also thought to be important in maintaining a healthier work environment in companies. It was also determined that much more work needs to be done on promotional regulations, as well as gender-blind legislation so that women’s professional advancement is not limited to middle management.

Coronary Stents in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Khurshid Ahmed,정명호,Rabin Chakraborty,Sumera Ahmed,홍영준,심두선,박근호,김주한,안영근,강정채,조명찬,Chong Jin Kim,김영조 대한심장학회 2012 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.42 No.12

Background and Objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with poor outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We sought to compare different coronary stents used during primary PCI in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and CKD. Subjects and Methods: We selected 2408 consecutive STEMI patients with CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 )undergoing primary PCI and divided them into 5 groups based on the type of stent implanted: 1) bare metal stent (BMS), 2) paclitaxel-eluting stent (PES), 3) sirolimus-eluting stent (SES), 4) zotarolimus-eluting stent (ZES), or 5) everolimus-eluting stent (EES). The study end-point was the number of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at 12 months. Results: There was no significant difference in the incidence of 12-month myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization, or target vessel revascularization between stent groups; however, the overall rate of repeat revascularization differed significantly between groups. All-cause death differed significantly among the groups. The incidence of 12-month MACE in BMS, PES, SES, ZES, and EES was 8.3%, 9.8%,8.6%, 5.5%, and 2.6%, respectively (p<0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis did not show a significant differences in 12-month MACE-free survival among the groups (log-rank p=0.076). This finding remained the same after adjusting for multiple confounders (p=0.147). Conclusion: Any of the 5 stents can be used to treat STEMI patients with CKD undergoing primary PCI; all have similar risk of 12-month MACE. This result is hypothesis-generating and warrants further evaluation with a long-term randomized study.

Safety and Efficacy of Overlapping Homogenous Drug-Eluting Stents in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: Results from Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry

Khurshid Ahmed,정명호,Rabin Chakraborty,홍영준,심두선,Sumera Ahmed,Seung Hwan Hwang,Min Goo Lee,Keun Ho Park,김주한,안영근,조명찬,Chong Jin Kim,김영조,Jong Chun Park,강정채,성인환,배장호 대한의학회 2012 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.27 No.11

The aim of this study was to compare safety and efficacy of 4 homogenous overlapping drug-eluting stents (DES) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. We selected 1,349consecutive patients (62.1 ± 14.9 yr, 69.4% male) who received homogenous overlapping DESs in diffuse de novo coronary lesions from Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry from April 2006 through September 2010. They were divided into 4 groups based on type of DES implanted – Paclitaxel (PES), Sirolimus (SES), Zotarolimus (ZES) and Everolimus (EES)-eluting stents. Primary endpoint was 12-month MACE. We also studied EES versus other DESs (PES + SES + ZES). Mean stent length was 26.2 ± 7.5 mm and mean stent diameter was 3.1 ± 0.4 mm. Average number of stents used per vessel was 2.2 ± 0.5. Incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in PES, SES, ZES, and EES groups were 9.5%, 9.2%, 7.5%, and 3.8%, respectively (P = 0.013). In EES group, overall MACE and repeat revascularization were lowest, and no incidence of stent thrombosis was observed. Non-fatal MI was highest in PES, almost similar in SES and EES with no incidence in ZES group (P = 0.044). Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed no differences in the incidence of primary endpoint (P = 0.409). This study shows no significant differences in 12-month MACE among 4 groups.

On Size-Blased Poisson Distribution And Its Use In Zero-Truncated Cases

( Khurshid Ahmad ) 한국산업응용수학회(구 한국산업정보응용수학회) 2008 한국산업정보응용수학회 Vol.12 No.3

A size-biased Poisson distribution is defined. Its characterization by using a recurrence relation for first order negative moment of the distribution is obtained. Different estimation methods for the parameter of the model are also discussed. R-Software has been used for making a comparison among the three different estimation methods.

Genotype, Explant and Culture Medium Effects on Somatic Embryogenesis in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

Khurshid Ahmed Mir,Ajmer Singh Dhatt,Jagdeep Singh Sandhu,Satbir Singh Gosal 한국원예학회 2008 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.49 No.3

In vitro plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis was attempted using hypocotyl, cotyledon and root derived callus of five elite genotypes of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) viz. Punjab Barsati, Punjab Sadabahar, Jamuni Gola, PBSR-11 and BB-93C. Somatic embryogenesis in all three explants was induced by using different concentrations of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) in combination with 0.5 ㎎·L<SUP>-l</SUP> BAP. The highest percent somatic embryogenesis was capitulated with NAA 1.0 ㎎·L<SUP>-l</SUP> from hypocotyl, 1.5 ㎎·L<SUP>-l</SUP> from cotyledon and 2.0 ㎎·L<SUP>-l</SUP> from root explants. The somatic embryos derived from different explants were induced to elongate into shoots on MS basal medium supplemented with 0.25 ㎎·L<SUP>-l</SUP> BAP and regenerated into whole plants. Genotype, explant and genotype x explant interaction showed highly significant effects on embryogenesis. Among the genotypes, BB-93C was the most responsive for somatic embryogenesis, whereas among the explants, hypocotyl yielded the highest percent somatic embryos followed by cotyledon and root. Plants regenerated via somatic embryos were rooted on ½ strength MS basal media in vitro.

Breast Lesions in Adolescents and Young Women in Pakistan - a 5 Year Study of Significance of Early Recognition

Khurshid, Amna,Faridi, Naveen,Arif, Afreen M.,Naqvi, Hanna,Tahir, Muhammad Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.6

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequent malignant disease amongst young women. If we review local data in Pakistan then breast cancer represents approximately a third of all cancers in females. The age standardized incidence rate (ASR) world per 100,000 is 53.8 and crude incidence rate is 30.9. We have observed during our surgical pathology practice and it is also reported by other Asian studies that breast carcinoma is amongst the leading malignancies in the region and the patients are at least a decade younger than counterparts in developed nations. Age is an important issue in effective screening, diagnosis and management of breast cancer, especially in this geographical region where late presentation and poor prognosis are a hallmark of the disease. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of malignant breast lesions in symptomatic young females presenting with breast lumps. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted at the Pathology Department, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi. Descriptive and pathology data of malignant breast tumors 1st January 2004 to 31st December 2009 were reviewed, using the departmental archived data. It included both male and female patients up to the age of 25 years. Results: A total of 714 surgical specimens from/of symptomatic breast lesions were received at the pathology department of Liaquat National Medical, in the five years study period, in young females. There were 575 (80%) benign, 119 (16%) inflammatory and 20 (2.8%) malignant lumps. Conclusions: The obtained data for females only up to 25 years of age suggest a massive burden which requires urgent attention. Early assessment of lesions is essential in order to avoid mortality from malignancies.

Prevalence of Depression and Glucose Abnormality in an Urbanizing Rural Population of Bangladesh (Diabetes Metab J 2015;39:218-29)

Khurshid Natasha,Akhtar Hussain,A. K. Azad Khan,Bishwajit Bhowmik 대한당뇨병학회 2015 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.39 No.6

Analyses of Thermal Disturbance in Drilling Deep and High Temperature Formations

Khurshid, I.,Lee, K.J.,Choe, J. Taylor Francis 2013 Energy sources. Part A, Recovery, utilization, and Vol.35 No.16

Prevalence of Depression and Glucose Abnormality in an Urbanizing Rural Population of Bangladesh

Khurshid Natasha,Akhtar Hussain,A. K. Azad Khan,Bishwajit Bhowmik 대한당뇨병학회 2015 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.39 No.3

Background: Depression and glucose abnormality are increasing in Bangladesh including its rural area. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of depression in an urbanizing rural population of Bangladesh with or without glucose abnormality (including diabetes mellitus [DM], and pre-diabetes which combines impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance pre-DM). Methods: A total of 2,293 subjects aged ≥20 years were investigated. Sociodemographic and anthropometric details, blood pressure, fasting (fasting plasma glucose) and 2 hours after 75 g plasma glucose (2-hour plasma glucose), were studied. Montgomery- Asberg Depression Rating Scale was used to assess depression. Results: The overall prevalence of DM was 7.9% and pre-DM was 8.6%. Prevalence of depression was 15.31% (n=351; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59 to 1.36) with mean depressive score 17.62±3.49. Female were more likely to have depression (17.16%). The 22.35% of male and 29.46% of female with pre-DM and 26.58% male and 36.27% female with DM had depressive symptoms. There was no significant variation in the mean age of different groups (healthy, depressed and with glucose abnormality). Depression was significantly associated with age, marital status, occupation, high physical activity, and low body mass index. The odds ratio (OR) for depression was significantly increased in patients with glucose abnormality compared with those without pre-DM (OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.76 to 3.51; P>0.000) and DM (OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 2.33 to 4.60; P>0.000). Conclusion: Prevalence of depression found alarming in our study area though lesser than previous studies and it is significantly related to glucose abnormality. The study reveals that mental health should get more focused specially along with metabolic diseases.

Balancing Relations with China and the United States in the Backdrop of the CPEC, Pakistan in Catch-22

Khurshid Khan 한국국방연구원 2018 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.30 No.4

It is always a risky affair, especially for a weak state to strike the right balance while dealing with two great powers having serious conicting interests in a particular region. For a country like Pakistan which remains dependent on foreign aid, running an independent foreign policy seems quite difcult. While Pakistan’s relations with China continued to remain smooth throughout history, its relations with the United States has been more of a roller coaster than a smooth ride but still both could never be too apart from each other because of various compelling reasons. Currently, China and Pakistan are extensively engaged in promoting their mutual economic and strategic interests that go against the U.S. interests. Therefore, in the case of a possible conflict between United States and China, Pakistan might be trapped in a catch-22 because it cannot afford to infuriate the United States beyond certain limits. In such a trap, staying neutral might be even riskier. Slow and steady change in the status of Gilgit–Baltistan beyond a certain level for promotion of the China– Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) would also be a serious trap. Pakistan could afford to lose economic benefits of the CPEC but it cannot afford to give up its claim over Kashmir which remains the “lifeline” for its survival. Pakistani Generals ghting on exterior fronts must therefore, make smart moves to ensure that at no stage should Islamabad be compelled to put all its eggs in one basket.