자일리톨 섭취에 따른 Streptococcus mutans의 글루칸 생성관련 유전자 발현 억제효과

김지혜,이영은,안상헌,최연희,남순현,송근배 大韓小兒齒科學會 2009 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.36 No.4

본 연구에서는 장기적인 자일리톨의 섭취가 Streptococcus mutans의 대표적인 독성인자 중 하나인 글루칸 생성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 글루칸 합성효소인 glucosyltansferase의 mRNA 발현을 실시간 역전사 중합효소 연쇄반응을 통해 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 24개월 동안 자일리톨껌을 섭취한 군에서 타액 내 Streptococcus mutans의 colony 수는 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 2. 비수용성 글루칸 합성에 관여하는 유전자인 gtfB, gtfC의 발현은 자일리톨껌을 섭취한 군에서 시간이 지남에 따라 유의 하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 특히 gtfB의 발현은 12개월과 24개월째 대조군에 비하여 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았고, gtfC의 발현은 24개월째 대조군에 비하여 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 3. 수용성 글루칸 합성에 관여하는 유전자인 gtfD의 발현 역시 자일리톨껌을 섭취한 군에서 시간이 지남에 따라 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 또한 gtfD의 발현은 12개월과 24개월째 대조군에 비하여 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과들을 종합해 보았을 때, 자일리톨의 섭취는 구강 내 Streptococcus mutans의 글루칸 합성 관련 유전자들의 발현을 억제시킴으로써 Streptococcus mutans의 수적인 감소를 가져오는 것으로 생각된다. Xylitol has the ability to reduce the adherence of Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans), which can make it easier to remove plaque, decrease acid production and inhibit dental caries. There are few reports on the effects of xylitol on the expression of the virulence related genes in S. mutans. This study examined the inhibitory effect of chewing gum containing xylitol on glucan synthesis related gene expression of S. mutans. Participants were voluntarily recruited for a women's oral health prevention program, classified into two groups(a control and a xylitol group), and then followed for 2 years. Twenty salivary samples were randomly selected from each group. Colony count and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to analyze the characteristics of S. mutans. The following results were obtained: The S. mutans counts decreased steadily in the xylitol group over the study period(p<0.05). The expression of the virulence related genes (gtfB, gtfC and gtfD) was significantly lower in the xylitol group than in the control groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that chewing xylitol gum for a long period of time may reduce the expression of the genes associated with S. mutans virulence, which can result in a decrease growth of S. mutans colonies as a result.

古里地域의 接地逆轉에 關한 氣候環境學的 硏究

兪惠珠,金有根,文勝義 부산대학교 환경문제연구소 1984 環境硏究報 Vol.2 No.-

The purpose of this study is to analyze synoptically some characteristics of the surface inversion at Kori, southeastern part of Korea and to be useful for a searching examination of the air pollution potenial at a coastal industrial region. The data used in this study are the temperatures at 20m and 1.5m above the surface, wind velocity and wind direction observed hourly at the monitoring station which is located at Gilcheon-ri (N35˚19'44", E129˚17'20") near Kori in Korea, from December, 1967 to November, 1970. By analyzing these data statistically and synoptically, the following results were acquired. 1) The occurence frequency of the surface inversion is the highest in November and the lowest in June. In seasonal variation, autumn has the highest and summer has the lowest occurrence frequency. 2) The modes of the onset and dispersion times of the surface inversion are 18:00 and 08:00 respectively. The annual mean duration of the surface inversion is 11.3 hours. 3) The aspects of annual variations of inversion intensity and occurrence frequency with time are similar to each other and also have a close connection with sunrise, sunset and the changing time of land and sea breezes. 4) According to Pasquill's stabillity classification in inversion cases, it was proved that there are the classes of E, F and G being stable in inversion cases at Kori.

호산구성 간농양 54예의 임상상

강혜련,권혁수,송우정,이상민,김태범,박혜경,장윤석,김윤근,조상헌,민경업,김유영 대한알레르기학회 2004 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.24 No.2

철 결핍성빈혈이 혈청 지질 및 렙틴농도에 미치는 영향

이근일,김혜영A,강형숙 龍仁大學校 2003 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.21 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigates the changes in serum lipid and leptin of iron deficiency anemia female gymnasts who excessive training and weight control. The mean age of subject was 17.6 years old. Their mean height was 158.4±4.76cm and mean weight 48.7±4.70kg. Mean body fat percent was 21.2±3.01%, and body mass index was 19.5±1.30 kg/m^2. The mean value of energy and iron intake were 1367.2±360.9 kcal(74±38.0% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance) and 7.1±2.7 mg(38.6±15.8% of RDA), The rate of te 3 major nutrition (P : F : C) was 63 : 26 : 11%. It showed that high fat intake rate. The hemtological status showed hemoglobin(2.3±1.0g/dl), Ferritin(46.7±32.l ng/ml), sTfR(2.8±1.4 mg/L) was low, but in a normal range. Mean serum triglyceride concentration and LDL-cholesterol, Atherogenic index was normal rage, but iron deficient group was higher than normal group(P<.05). Mean Insuin concentration was significantly lower than normal group(P<.05).

64MB DRAM 선폭 구현을 위한 Half-Tone Type 위상 변이 매스크

오혜근 한양대학교 공학기술연구소 1993 공학기술논문집 Vol.2 No.1

Various methods of lithography are developed for pattern delineation of ultra large scale integrated circuits. Among them, i-line + half-tone type phase shifting mask is the leading candidate for 67MB dynamic random access memory. Optical resolution limit and process lattitude are examined by aerial image and developed resist profile study. The contrast of aerial image shows that the optimum transmittance of half-tone chrome is about 6%. The resist profile study gives about 1.2㎛ depth of focus for 0.35㎛ patterns. The simulation shows half-tone mask is suitable method for 0.35㎛ patterns with enough depth of focus.

Bacillus sp. MS202에 의한 Dinitroaniline계 제초제인 Pendimethalin의 부분환원

이영근,장화형,장유신,형석원,정혜영 한국환경농학회 2004 한국환경농학회지 Vol.23 No.4

토양과 지하수에서 pendimethalin의 지속성은 환경에 해로운 영향을 미친다. 경남 마산에서 분리한 pendimethalin분해 균주는 API CHB50 kit 시험, FAME 분석, 그리고 165 rDNA 염기서열분석 결과로 Bacillus sp. MS202로 잠정적으로 동정하였다. TLC, GC, 그리고 GC-MS 분석에 의해 Bacillus sp. MS202가 pendimethalin의 -NO₂를 -NH₂로 환원시킨다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이는 일반적으로 알려진 호기성 미생물에 의한 pendimethalin 분해가 탈알킬화가 우선한다는 보고와 상반되는 새로운 결과이다. The persistence of pendimethalin in soil and ground water has an injurious effect on ecosystem. Pendimethalin-degrading bacterium was isolated from Masan, Gyeongnam province and temporarily identified as Bacillus sp. MS202 by the analysis of API CHB50, kit, FAME, and 16S rDNA sequence. From the analysis of pendimethalin metabolite using TLC, GC, and GC-MS, we found that the degradation of pendimethalin by Bacillus sp. MS202 did not result in the dealkylated form, but the formation of the reduced compound, 6-amino-2-nitro-N(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-xylidine or 2-amino-6-nitro-N(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-xylidine.

異體字란 무엇인가? : 正字와 상대되는 개념과의 비교를 중심으로

康惠根 한국중국문화학회 2001 中國學論叢 Vol.11 No.-

最近有關異體字的硏究論文發表了?多, 這大槪是由于在古籍的閱讀和電腦輸入上回避不了的. 這些論文大部分涉及到異體字的具體處理和辨別的理論和方法, 而沒有充分說明 '異體字是什?'一根本題. 大部分的異體字彼此之間有複雜的關係, 包括俗字(俗體·破體)·惑體·重文·異文·?字(誤字)·別字·假借字·通假字·古今字·後起字(累增字, 分別文)·後起本字·繁簡字·避諱字·通用字·同形字等. 這些述語的槪念, 有的是相對于正字而言, 有的是相對于本字而言, 還有其他一些複雜的關係. 這些關係一一討論起來, 篇幅有限,因此本論文只論 '和正字有關係的俗字(俗體·破體)·惑體·重文·異文·?字(誤字)別字', 其餘關係?寫一篇論文再討論. 本論文想證明, 討論異體字時必表明時間與空間, 首先?出一些 '和正字有關係的槪念'的例子, 比如兩三個有正俗字關係的字, 在歷代字典和詞典上具體地比較這些字義和字形的差別, 闡明歷代正俗字關係不是確定不變的, 因些涉及異體字時一定要表明時間與空間. 通過這樣的調査, 發現俗字(俗體·破體)·惑體·重文·異文·?字(吳子)·別字等是大量異體字産生的根源, 還有一個異體字的來源, 就是把《說問》裏所出現的小篆·重文(古文·?文·惑體)的「圓轉的筆劃」改成楷書的「平的惑折轉的筆劃」是也産生?多異體字. 至于異體字的定義, 一般來說, 指一些彼此音義相同而外形不同的字. 這定義看起來好象根本沒有問題, 實際上在槪念上?模糊. 因此關于異體字大槪有兩個代表性的說法, 一是指字義完全相同的不同字形, 二是指一個詞的一些不同寫法. 根據前者, 異體字可以分爲字義完全相同的「狹義異體字」和字義不完全相同的「部分異體字」, 可是「部分異體字」字義不完全相同, 能說合乎「彼些音義相同而外形不同的字」的條件?? 如根據後者卽詞義(字義), 觀察異體字關係, 就會發現一個詞義的一些不同寫法(包括不同的字形結構), 才合乎「彼些音義相同而外形不同的字」的條件. 中國的詞典(字典)把詞義(字義)排列在「字」的下面, 因爲「字」是記錄語言卽詞的手段. 辨別異體字時必定涉及到字義, 字義就表示詞, 一個字可能表示多個詞, 論異體字關係時, 以字爲準就彼此牽涉到?複雜的多種關係, 而以詞爲準就其關係可以說得比較簡單明了.

PCR-Restricition Fragment Length Polymorphism 방법에 의한 Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato의 분류

송혜원,김홍,박상욱,엄용빈,김종배,박성언,김근희 THE KOREAN SOCIETY FOR BIOMEDICAL LABORATORY SCINE 1999 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.5 No.2

라임병의 원인균인 Borrelia burgdorferi에 대하여 각 균종의 표준균주와 진드기에서 추출한 DNA를 template로 PCR을 실시한 후 그 증폭산물을 Alu I으로 처리한 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) 방법으로 각 균종의 연관성을 조사하고자 하였다. 표준균주로 RFLP를 실시한 결과 B. burgdorferi sensu stricto와 B. garinii의 RFLP 형태 (50 bp, 70 bp, 150 bp)가 유사하였으며 B.afzelii에서는 다른 RFLP형태 (50bp, 110bp, 150 bp)를 관찰하였다. 그 중 B. afzelii KK-1과 B. garinii HP1은 새로운 RFLP 형태를 보여 B. afzelii와 B. garinii는 각각 2 types의 subgroup으로 분류할 수 있었다. 진드기 DNA에서 는 B. afzelii를 포함한 각 균종에 대하여 모두 유사한 RFLP 형태를 보였는데, 진드기 DNA에서 확인된 B. afzelii는 KK-1과 같은 군에 속하는 것으로 사료되었다. For the classification of B. burgdorferi sensu lato strains, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was performed. PCR was carried out with B. burgdorferi sensu lato specific primer set (BB uni set), and amplicons of 470-bp DNA were digested with Alu I. The Alu I restriction polymorphism of the amplicons provided a useful tool for identifying B. burgdorferi sensu lato strains. Both amplicons from B. burgdorferi sensu stricto and B. garinii except HP1 strain showed identical RFLP pattern (50 bp, 70 bp, and 150 bp), but amplicons from B. afzelii and B. garinii showed two types of subgroups, respectively. The result of PCR-RFLP using extracted DNAs from ticks was similar to those patterns of B. burgdorferi species including B. afzelii.

여자고등학교 농구선수들의 학년별 식습관 차이 조사

이근일,김미선,임혜경 용인대학교 국제스포츠과학연구원 체육과학연구소 2008 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.18 No.1

The purpose of this study is to investigate nutritional state and dietary behaviors in basketball athletes. Subject of this study was one hundred people of 23 female high school attending 1-2 grade. The measurement variable to investigate a nutritional state and dietary behaviors was main eating patterns, dietary behaviors, food intake and supplements. The result of analysis is as follows. 1. The difference of nutritional state as each grade was not a statistically difference among supplements and dinner, but there was a statistically difference among breakfast and lunch between groups. 2. Difference of intake lists was that one-grade were higher than two-grade intake from food, but two- grade were higher than one-grade in dairy product and fruit for additional taking nutrition. 3. The weight of intake food was that two-grade was statistically higher than one-grade in every lists. 4. The result of nutritive conditions each grade was that one-grade was statistically higher than one-grade. 5. The ingestion existence and nonexistence related to intake supplements of exercise nutrition was that two-grade was statistically higher than one-grade, intake frequency as well. Both one and two-grade response fatigue recovery and improving muscle in purpose of intake nutrition. and intake admonition was parents in two groups. above results from the study. We know nutrition intake frequency expect food is high as much as physical activity volume. we know high-nutrition intake is getting increase, as growing experience of exercise in case of one-grade.

거친 표면을 가진 흡수체와 버퍼의 측면에 의한 극자외선 산란효과

권영근,심상진,김종회,김옥경,오혜근 한양대학교 이학기술연구소 2003 이학기술연구지 Vol.6 No.-

마스크 상의 거친 표면을 정의하기 위해서 Monte-Carlo 방법이 적용되었다. 극자외선 마스크의 거친 표면 함수, 즉 power spectral density 에 의해 표현된 무작위적인 표면의 높이 변화는 상면에서의 전기장을 계산하기 위해서 재정의 되었다. Feynmann의 접근 방식과 유사한 산란에 대한 일반식을 유도하였고, 이는 결상과정에서 마스크의 단차상의 거친 측면에 의한 효과를 알아보기 위해서 적용되어졌다. 거친 표면과 완전히 편평한 표면에 대한 전기장의 위상과 진폭 변화 정도를 비교하기 위해서 다중 산람 문제 또한 여러 다른 패턴에 대하여 이 논문에서 다뤄졌다. The Monte-Carlo Method is adopted to define the roughness of the mask structure. A random surface height variation described by power spectral density for the rough surfaces of an estreme ultraviolet (EUV) mask is to be redefined to calculate the field in the image plane. A general explicit formula of the scattering, which is analogous to Feynman's approach, is derived, and it is adapted to the EUV mask structure to evaluate the effect of the surface roughness of the side wall of the mask topography on the image formation. The multiple random scattering problems are dealt with the different pattern types in order to compare field variations in phase and amplitude with the ideal flat surface.