심인성 색전 요인이 없는 뇌경색 환자에서 경식도 심초음파와 Acoustic Quantification을 이용한 대동맥 탄성의 평가

이종민,윤호중,임효영,박지원,김휘열,전희경,문건웅,정욱성,채장성,김재형,최규보,홍순조 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.8

Characterization of Acetylcholine-induced Currents in Male Rat Pelvic Ganglion Neurons

Joong-Hyun Park,Kyu-Sang Park,Seung-Kyu Cha,Keon-Il Lee,Min-Jung Kim,Jong-Yeon Park,In Deok Kong,Joong-Woo Lee 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2004 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.8 No.4

The pelvic ganglia provide autonomic innervations to the various urogenital organs, such as the urinary bladder, prostate, and penis. It is well established that both sympathetic and parasympathetic synaptic transmissions in autonomic ganglia are mediated mainly by acetylcholine (ACh). Until now, however, the properties of ACh-induced currents and its receptors in pelvic ganglia have not clearly been elucidated. In the present study, biophysical characteristics and molecular nature of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) were studied in sympathetic and parasympathetic major pelvic ganglion (MPG) neurons. MPG neurons isolated from male rat were enzymatically dissociated, and ionic currents were recorded by using the whole cell variant patch clamp technique. Total RNA from MPG neuron was prepared, and RT-PCR analysis was performed with specific primers for subunits of nAChRs. ACh dose-dependently elicited fast inward currents in both sympathetic and parasympathetic MPG neurons (EC<SUB>50</SUB>; 41.4μM and 64.0μM, respectively). ACh-induced currents showed a strong inward rectification with a reversal potential near 0 mV in current-voltage relationship. Pharmacologically, mecamylamine as a selective antagonist for α3β4 nAChR potently inhibited the ACh-induced currents in sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons (IC<SUB>50</SUB>; 0.53μM and 0.22μM, respectively). Conversely, α- bungarotoxin, α-methyllycaconitine, and dihydro-β-erythroidine, which are known as potent and sensitive blockers for α7 or α4β2 nAChRs, below micromolar concentrations showed negligible effect. RT-PCR analysis revealed that α3 and β4 subunits were predominantly expressed in MPG neurons. We suggest that MPG neurons have nAChRs containing α3 and β4 subunits, and that their activation induces fast inward currents, possibly mediating the excitatory synaptic transmission in pelvic autonomic ganglia.

실내 공기청정기 우형에 따른 ETS 성분 감소 효과

황건중(Keon Joong Hwang),이문수(Moon Soo Rhee),나도영(Do Young Ra) 한국환경보건학회 1999 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.25 No.2

This study was conducted to evaluate the ability of room air cleaners to remove gases, vapor and particles from closed room contaminated with environmental tobacco smoke(ETS). The types of room air cleaners selected were paper filter, fiber filter, carbom filter, static precipitator and anion generater. The ETS measurements covered total suspended particle(TSP), ultraviolet particulate matter(UVPM), fluorescent particulate matter(FPM), solanesol, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nicotine, and 3-ethenylpyridine. Tobacco smoke was generated and mixed in a closed room in which the airflow rates were in the range of 0.00-0.03 m/s. As the room air cleaners were started, the decay rates of the ETS components were measured. After the use of room air cleaners, excluding paper filter cleaner, the solid components of ETS, such as TSP, UVPM, FPM and solanesol were removed over 90%, and the vapor phase components of ETS, such as nicotine, 3-ethenylpyridine(3-EP) were eliminated about 50% as time elapsed. But even after the use of room air cleaners, except the anion generating cleaner, the decreasing rate of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide concentration were not much different with the control. Our results indicate that there was a different removal efficiency with the types of filter materials in air cleaners, and also there was a dominant effect on reduce of solid and vapor components of ETS. But there was no significant effect on reduce of gaseous components of ETS. It is possible to increase the air quality in a room contaminated by ETS with the conditions that an air cleaner is properly chased, operated and maintained well.

Effect of Surfactant on Solvent Extraction for Light Hydrocarbon from Soils

Hwang, Keon-Joong,Atalay, Asmare Korean Society of Environmental Health 1998 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.34 No.1

본 실험은 light hydrocarbon에 오염된 토양을 용매 추출할 때 계면활성제의 영향을 평가하고자 6가지의 계면활성제 (Witbreak DPG-482, Witbreak DRA-22, Witcomul 4016, Witcolate SL-1, Adsee 799, Triton X-100)와 2가지 용매(물, 메타놀)를 대상으로 실험하였다. Light hydrocarbon으로는 benzene, toluene, ethyl bnzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, n-propyl benzene, 1,2,4-trimethyl benzene, 그리고 n-butyl benzene등 9가지를 대상으로 하였다. 계면활성제중 Adsee-799과 Witbreadk DRA-22가 토양중 light hydrocarbon의 물추출 효율을 다소 증가시키는 것으로 나타나고 있으며, 나머지 계면활성제는 효과가 없었다. 또한 물중의 계면활성제의 농도가 0.5%이하에서는 효과가 없는 것으로 나타나고 있으며, 계면활성제의 농도가 4%일때 평균 10.8%의 추출증가 효과가 있었다. 메타놀을 추출용매로 사용할 때에는 Witbread DPG-782와 Witbreak DRA-22가 약 10%의 추출증가 효과를 나타내고 있었다. This study was conducted to evaluate the surfactant solutions which influence solvent extraction from light hydrocarbon contaminated soils. Nine characteristic compounds were studied: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, mxylene, p-xylene, n-propylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, and n-butylbenzene which were found in gasoline. Adsee-799 and Witbreak DRA-22 showed some extractive capacity for light hydrocarbons from soil. There was no added advantage obtained by using other surfactants in this study. No removal of contaminants from soil was observed when the surfactant concentration was 0.5 percent or below. When the surfactant concentration was 4 percent, the average recovery for some hydrocarbons was 10.8 percent, which was the best obtained at these levels. There was 10 percent surfactant contribution for methanol extraction from soil with the Witbreak DPG-482 and Witbreak DRA-22. This study provided a useful screening technique for procedures that can be used to remediate soils contaminated with light hydrocarbons.

Statistical approach for development of objective evaluation method on tobacco smoke

Hwang, Keon-Joong,Rhee, Moon-Soo,Ra, Do-Young The Korean Society of Tobacco Science 2000 한국연초학회지 Vol.22 No.2

This study was conducted to develop the objective evaluation method for tobacco smoke. The evaluation was carried out by using the data of cut or blended tobacco components, smoke components, electric nose system (ENS), and sensory test. By using the statistical methods, such as cluster analysis, discriminant analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis, the relationship among the data of tobacco, smoke, ENS, and sensory evaluation was studied. By the results of cluster analysis, the data from smoke analysis by GC and ENS were able to select the difference of tobacco leaf characteristics. As the results of discriminant analysis, grouping by the components of tobacco leaves and smoke was possible and the results of GC analysis of smoke could be used for discrimination of tobacco leaves. In the results of factor analysis, nicotine, tar, CO, puff No and pH in the smoke were the factors effecting on the tobacco leaf characteristics. From the correlation analysis, aroma, taste, irritation, and smoke volume of sensory test had high relation to tar, p-cresol threonolatone, levoglucosane, and quinic acid- ${\gamma}$ -lactone of smoke. The ENS data showed high efficiency for discriminant analysis and cluster analysis, but it was not good for factor analysis, and correlation analysis. It was possible to estimate tobacco leaves and their blending characteristics by the analytical data of tobacco leaves, smoke, ENS, and sensory test results. By the multiple regression analysis, some correlation among selected chemical components and sensory evaluation were found. This study strongly indicated that the some chemical analysis data was available for the objective evaluation of tobacco sensory attributes.

Uninary Nicotine and Cotinine Levels in Smokers and Nonsmokers Related to Smoking Habit in Korea

Hwang, Keon-Joong,Rhee, Moon-Soo,Ra, Do-Young The Korean Society of Tobacco Science 2001 한국연초학회지 Vol.23 No.1

This study was conducted to determine the urinary nicotine and cotinine concentration in 126 smokers and 143 nonsmokers. While urine samples were being collected, personal characteristics related to smoking habit such as sex, age, number of years since a person has been a smoker, average number of cigarettes consumed per day, and number of smokers in the family were surveyed. Urinary nicotine and cotinine concentration were analyzed by GC/NPD. The smokers smoked an average 17.0 cigarettes per day and the average concentration of nicotine and cotinine was 3.88 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml and 3.64 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, respectively. The average number of smokers in the family was 0.72 persons and the average concentration of nicotine and cotinine were 0.11 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml and 0.02 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml in the urine of non-smokers, respectively. The concentration of nicotine and cotnine in smoker\`s urine was dependent on the number of cigarettes smoked per day(p<0.01). The number of years since a person had been a smoker, and the number of smokers in the family were not associated with the concentration of nicotine and cotinine. Also there was no significant effects of passive smoking on the family of smokers by the level of nicotine and cotinine concentration. We describe the relationship between smoking habit as assessed by urinary nicotine and cotinine excretion. This study provides an evidence for the assessment of active and passive exposure to tobacco smoke.

4면형 아트리움의 형태와 천창 투과율에 따른 아트리움 공간의 자연채광 성능 평가

이중건(Joong-Keon Lee),이주윤(Ju-Yun Lee),송규동(Kyoo-Dong Song) 한국생활환경학회 2011 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.18 No.2

In modern buildings atrium spaces with large skylights usually work as visual channels to outside and daylight admitting systems to improve visual comfort of the buildings. However, the atrium spaces designed without proper consideration of daylight performance may cause insufficient or excessive illuminance levels and increased glare potential. This study aims to suggest daylighting design data for four-sided atrium spaces by performing dynamic simulations using Daysim program for various atruim design variables such as PAR (Plan Aspect Ratio), SAR (Section Aspect Ratio) and transmittance of skylight. For the dynamic daylight simulation, the weather data of Incheon, Korea provided by EnergyPlus program was used. A total of 48 cases were anayzed in terms of Daylight Factor (DF), Daylight Autonomy (DA) and Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI). Finally, proper transmittances of skylight to maintain recommended illuminance were suggested for the atrium spaces of different PARs.

토양중 Light Hydrocarbon의 용매추출에 미치는 계면활성제의 영향

Hwang. Keon-Joong,Atalay. Asmare 한국환경보건학회 1998 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.24 No.2

본 실험은 light hydrocarbon에 오염된 토양을 용매 추출할 때 계면활성제의 영향을 평가하고자 6가지의 계면활성제 (Witbreak DPG-482, Witbreak DRA-22, Witcomul 4016, Witcolate SL-1, Adsee 799, Triton X-100)와 2가지 용매(물, 메타놀)를 대상으로 실험하였다. Light hydrocarbon으로는 benzene, toluene, ethyl bnzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, n-propyl benzene, 1,2,4-trimethyl benzene, 그리고 n-butyl benzene등 9가지를 대상으로 하였다. 계면활성제중 Adsee-799과 Witbreadk DRA-22가 토양중 light hydrocarbon의 물추출 효율을 다소 증가시키는 것으로 나타나고 있으며, 나머지 계면활성제는 효과가 없었다. 또한 물중의 계면활성제의 농도가 0.5%이하에서는 효과가 없는 것으로 나타나고 있으며, 계면활성제의 농도가 4%일때 평균 10.8%의 추출증가 효과가 있었다. 메타놀을 추출용매로 사용할 때에는 Witbread DPG-782와 Witbreak DRA-22가 약 10%의 추출증가 효과를 나타내고 있었다. This study was conducted to evaluate the surfactant solutions which influence solvent extraction from light hydrocarbon contaminated soils. Nine characteristic compounds were studied: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, mxylene, p-xylene, n-propylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, and n-butylbenzene which were found in gasoline. Adsee-799 and Witbreak DRA-22 showed some extractive capacity for light hydrocarbons from soil. There was no added advantage obtained by using other surfactants in this study. No removal of contaminants from soil was observed when the surfactant concentration was 0.5 percent or below. When the surfactant concentration was 4 percent, the average recovery for some hydrocarbons was 10.8 percent, which was the best obtained at these levels. There was 10 percent surfactant contribution for methanol extraction from soil with the Witbreak DPG-482 and Witbreak DRA-22. This study provided a useful screening technique for procedures that can be used to remediate soils contaminated with light hydrocarbons.

펄프화 온도 및 공융용매 비율에 따른 닥 인피섬유 펄프화 특성 비교 연구

김건중(Keon-Joong Kim),이광섭(Kwang-Seob Lee),이철우(Cheol-Woo Lee),류정용(Jeong-Yong Ryu),최경화(Kyong-Hwa Choi) 한국펄프·종이공학회 2021 한국펄프·종이공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2021 No.4

염화지방산을 이용한 기상 그라프트 처리 효과 개선을 위한 전처리 연구

김건중(Keon-Joong Kim),최지선(Ji-Seon Choi),최경화(Kyong-Hwa Choi),류정용(Jeong-Yong Ryu) 한국펄프·종이공학회 2019 한국펄프·종이공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2019 No.10