갑상선결절의 임상 및 초음차소견의 진단적 가치

박거운,박철진,박일구,신지혜,정중화,배학연,김상용 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2007 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.32 No.2

Backgrounds: Thyroid nodule have been relatively common disease and it's prevalence estimated about 4-7%. Recently, high resolution ultrasonography has made the detection of small thyroid nodule possible, Increases in the detection of thyroid nodule have created a clinical dilemma on how to properly manage such thyroid nodules. We investigated the prevalence, clinical and ultrasonographic characterristics, and optimal diagnostic approach toward detected benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Methods: A retrosepctive review was undertaken on the 372 patients who was done Ultrasonograpy guided fine needle aspiration biopsy in Chosun University Hospital, Gwang-Ju, Korea between July 2003 and Spring 2005. Devided into four group such as benign and malignant thyroid nodule on the basis of size 1.5Cm. The review consisted of thyroid function test, antithyroid antibodies, thyroid autoantibodies, thyroid ultrasonography, fine needle aspiration biopsy in each group. Results: The prevalence of thyroid nodule malignancy rate was 18.0%. The prevalence of thyroid incidentaloma malignanct rate was 17.5%. There were no significant differences in age, sex, thyroid function test and size between the benign, malignant incidentalomas and nodule. Ultrasonographic characteristics, include ultrasonography index point showed meaningful diagnostic value for the detection of malignancy in thyroid nodule, Conclusion: Thyroid cancers are fairly common finding. There are no clinical difference between benign and malignant thyroid nodule; however, ultrasonographic findings can be used to decision of optimal management strategies 배경: 최근갑상선 초음파의 빈번한 시행으로 갑상선 결절의 발견이 증가하고 있다. 이러한 갑상선 결절중 특히 갑상션우연종을 임상적으로 어떻게 접근하고 치료를해야하는지는 적지 않는 문제가 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 갑상선 우연종 및 직경 1.5 cm 이상의 갑상션결절의 유병률, 임상적 특징, 초음파특정 및 초음파의 진단적 유용성에 대해 알아 보았다. 방법: 2003년 7윌부터 2005년 3월까지 조선 대학교병원 내과 및 일반외과및 건강검진 센터를 통해 갑상선 초음파, 경동맥 초음파 및 경부 CT등을 통해 우연히 발견된 갑상션결절을 가진 372명을 대상으로 후향적 연구를 시행하였다. 크기 1.5 cm 미만의 양성및 악성 갑상선 결절군과 크기 1.5 cm 이상의 양성 및 악성결절로 그룹을 나누고 각 군에서 나이, 성별, 갑상선 기능검사, 항갑상선 항체, 갑상선 초음파 및 미세침흡인세포검사등을 검토하였고, 모든 갑상선 결절에 Koike (6)가 제한한 초음파지표 점수(Ultrasonographie index point)를 부여하여 각 군을 비교하였다. 결과: 분석한 갑상선 결절 372예 중 악성결절의 유병율은 18.0% (67예)였다. 갑상선 우연 종의 유병율은 81.5% (303예)였다. 갑상선 우연 종에서의 악성률은 17.5% (53예)로 나왔다. 크기 1.5 cm 이상의 양성 및 악성 갑상선 결절과 양성 및 악성 갑상선 우연종에서 나이, 성별, 갑상선 기능검사, 항갑상선항체에는 의미있는 차이가 없었다. 또한 양성 및 악성우연종에서 의 갑상선 결절크기에도 의미있는 차이는 보이지 않았다. 갑상선 결절의 초음파 지표점수만이 양성 및 악성우연종과 양성 및 악성갑상선 결절의 감별에 의미있는 차이를 보였다. 갑상 선우연종과 크기 1.5 cm 이상의 갑상선 결절에 서 양성을 나타내는 초음파지표점수는 각각 3 점과 4점으로 다르게 나타났다. 양성 및 악성 갑상선우연종의 감별에서 초음파 지표점수의 민감도는 93.6%, 특이도는 52.8%, 양성예측율은 92.4%로 나왔고, 진단적 효율은 86.4% 였으며 크기 1.5 cm 이상의 양성 및 악성 갑상선 결정의 감별에서 초음파지수 민감도는 92.7%, 특이도가 42.9%, 양성 예측도 86%, 효율 82.6%를 보였다. 결론: 갑상선결절에서의 양성 및 악성의 유무는 임상적으로 판단하기 힘들지만 갑상선 결절에서의 초음파 소견 및 초음파 지표 점수를 도입하면 이에 대한 감별에 도움을 줄 수 있다. 따라서 갑상선 초음파검사시 초음파지표점수의 사용은 향후 갑상선 결절의 진단 방향을 제시하는 중요한 길잡이가 될 수 있으리라 사료된다.

개국약사들의 환경 문제에 대한 의식 분석 : The Subject of Studies in Pusan & Ulsan Areas 부산 ·울산 지역을 대상으로

이상준,정거돈 부산대학교 환경문제연구소 1994 環境硏究報 Vol.12 No.-

The rapid increase of the population, the urban concentration and the high growth of the industrial development produced the environmental pollution, destroyed the balance of the natural ecosystem, falled in human's circumstances. They are influenced the serious problem that the whole human race should face. Especially in case of my country, establishing five-year economics development since 1960, we promoted the plan. To the conclusion, we could be satisfied in some degree economically. But we overlooked over the damage of the environmental pollution. According to the quality of the surroundings get feeble damage of natural ecosystem and the pollution of our living environments. So we recognize the environmental pollution as the serious social problem. On this point of view, on the premise that our pharmacists as the special intellectuals are responsible for the environmental pollution. Here upon I posed questions and examined the interest of the phamacists about the environmental problem. As follows if I summarize the total contents. 1. About the environmental pollution of my dwelling place, most of us suffer damage and we are the assaulters of it. In particular the dwellers of the factory districts are damaged much. 2. As the media for the acknowledgement about the environmental pollution and the acquirement of recognition, most of pharmacists get acknowledgement printing media about environmental pollution. Accordingly they need the special education about the environmental pollution. 3. We cannot confine the responsibility of the environmental pollution to individual. I should emphasize the public obligation. As and individual, enterprises, a government, so on we all citizens feel emphasize about environmental problem. We already know the importance of duty about it. On the other hand, we practice unsatisfactorily in our daily lives. So the intellectuals should pay mere attention to it. 4. Posing questions about the protestation of the opinions against the environmental pollution and taking exception to it. Most of respondents said "No experience". In spite of their discontent about it, they didn't cope with the positive solutions. Also the low rate of the participation in Environment Purification Movement is caused by the working conditions of the from opening pharmacists is considered (Working time ; Daily Average about 15 hours). To these conclusions, the pharmacists so called the special intelligents need the education about the environmental pollution. As the main group of the Environment Purification Movement, household the enterprises, a government all of us ought to have the reform of conciousness for the public duties. We should introduce better program that gives warning to the environmental pollution in the press, not temporarily but persistently. We demands the practical Environmental Policy about the people's demands for the living in delightful circumstances.

생활체육 수영 참여정도가 회복탄력성에 미치는 영향

박종진, 이겨라 忠北大學校 平生體育硏究所 2014 平生體育硏究所 論文集 Vol.26 No.-

The purpose of the study was to identify the effects participation degree in sport swimming on resilience. The participants were 400 adults who had attended for sport swimming in Chungbuk province and were asked to fill out questionaries; all except 60 questionaries were regarded for having low reliability, 340 questionaries were analyzed for the study. SPSS 19.0 program was used for the data analyses and the significant level was α=.05. In order to analyze the data, an analysis of frequency, Cronbach’s α, a t-test, a post hoc test, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple regression were carried out. The results were as follows: Firstly, in terms of the resilience level, the female groups, the groups over 50 years old, the everyday-practising groups, and the over-2000m swimming groups showed higher scores than the male groups, other age groups, the intermittent groups, and the below-2000m swimming groups respectively. Secondly, from the results of the relationship between the swimming participation degrees and the sub-elements of resilience, the swimming participation degrees (participation periods, participation days and excercise distance) showed positively significant influence on all of the sub-elements of resilience. Influences such as self-regulation, interpersonal skills, and positive characteristics were shown. Lastly, the effect of the swimming participation period on the sub-elements of resilience showed the highest score in terms of emotion regulation: the swimming participation days self-expansion, and the swimming exercise distance emotion regulation respectively. From the results above, it can be said that participation for adults' sport swimming may have positive effects on their resilience and it also could help them enjoy their lives with a healthy body as well as a healthy mind.

제 2형 당뇨병 환자에서 대사증후군의 유병률 및 관련요인의 특징

박철진,박거운,박일구,신지혜,김진화,배학연,김상용 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2007 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.32 No.3

Background: People with insulin resistance has a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease. This leads to the importance in diagnosing metabolic syndrome. The incidence of metabolic syndrome has increased significantly in korea because of an increased population of obese people and also the incidence of DM. There have been many studies done on the incidence of metabolic syndrome in the general population. Therefore, the authors have designed this study to identify the incidence of metabolic syndrome in patients with type 2 DM and also the associated characteristics in that population. Methods: The study included 169 adults over the age of 20 (84 males and 85 females) admitted to the endocrinology department of Chosun University between Jan, 1st 2005 and May, 31st 2006. Out of the people diagnosed with type 2 DM people were excluded when any of the physical measurements (height, weight, blood pressure, abdominal circumference) and blood measurements (TG, HDL-cholesterol, fasting blood sugar) were insufficient and when the patient was taking any drugs other than anti-hy-pertensive agents and oral anti-diabetic agents. Obesity and the other risk factors were defined by the Asian-Pacific guideline and 2001 ATP III of NCEP, respectively. Result: The each prevalence according to the metabolic syndrome criteria of the type 2 DM patients showed low HDL cholesterolemia with the highest incidence of 57.4% followed by hypertng1yceridemia(52.0%), obesity(40.9%) and hypertension(33.0%). The each incidence of diagnostic criteria in metabolic syndrome according to sex was different, In males, hypertriglyceridemia was the highest with the incidence of 57.7% followed by low HDL-cho1estero1emia(49.5%), obesity(40.9%) and hypertension (30.0%). In women, the incidence were low HDL-cho1estero1emia(64.8%), hyperthg1yceridemia(47.6%), obesity(45.0%) and hypertension(36.0%), in a descending order. The analysis between the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in type 2 DM patients and the criteria showed that hyperthglyceridemia (correlative value 0.575) had the highest correlation followed by low HDL-cholesterolemia (correlative value 0.446), obesity (correlative value 0.350) and hypertension (correlative value 0.410). All the correlations were statistically significant with a p-value less than 0.01. Conclusions: Type 2 DM is a important factor of metabolic syndrome based on insulin resistance. The control of blood glucose with prevention and early diagnosis of the other factors related to metabolic syndrome in type 2 DM is important for preventing cardiovascular complications.

Basic, Research : The Ternary Complex Formation of HBx with p22-FLIP and IKKγ is Involved in HBx-Induced NF-κB Signaling in Liver Cells

( Keo Heun Lim ),( Hyo Sun Choi ),( Yong Kwang Park ),( Eun Sook Park ),( Gu Choul Shin ),( Sung Hyun Ahn ),( Doo Hyun Kim ),( Kyun Hwan Kim ) 대한간학회 2013 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2013 No.1

Background: Sustained activation of NF-κB is one of the causative factors for various liver diseases, including liver inflammation and hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). It has been known that activating the NF-κB signal by hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) is implicated in the development of HCC. However, despite numerous studies on HBx-induced NF-κB activation, the detailed mechanisms still remain unsolved. Recently, p22-FLIP, a cleavage product of c-FLIPL, has been reported to induce NF-κB activation through interaction with the IκB kinase (IKK) complex in primary immune cells. Since our previous report on the interaction of HBx with c-FLIPL, we explored whether p22-FLIP is involved in the modulation of HBx function. Methods and Results: First, we identified the expression of endogenous p22-FLIP in liver cells. NF-κB reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) clearly revealed that the expression of p22-FLIP synergistically enhances HBxinduced NF-κB activation. Moreover, we found that HBx physically interacts with p22-FLIP and IKKγ and forms a ternary complex. Knock-down of p22-FLIP showed that endogenous p22-FLIP is involved in HBx-induced NF-κB activation, and the formation of a ternary complex is necessary to activate NF- κB signaling. Conclusions: In conclusion, we showed a novel mechanism of HBx-induced NF-κB activation in which ternary complex formation is involved among HBx, p22-FLIP and IKKγ. Our findings will extend the understanding of HBx-induced NF-κB activation and provide a new target for intervention in HBVassociated liver diseases and in the development of HCC.

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY WITH SNUF AND VALIDATION OF THE MARS CODE FOR A DVI LINE BREAK LOCA IN THE APR1400

KEO HYOUNG LEE,BYOUNG UHN BAE,YONG SOO KIM,BYONG JO YUN,JI HAN CHUN,GOON CHERL PARK 한국원자력학회 2009 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.41 No.5

In order to analyze thermal hydraulic phenomena during a DVI (Direct Vessel Injection) line break LOCA (Loss-of- Coolant Accident) in the APR1400 (Advanced Power Reactor 1400 MWe), we performed experimental studies with the SNUF (Seoul National University Facility), a reduced-height and reduce-pressure integral test loop with a scaled down APR1400. We performed experiments dealing with eight test cases under varied tests. As a result of the experiment, the primary system pressure, the coolant temperature, and the occurrence time of the downcomer seal clearing were affected significantly by the thermal power in the core and the SI flow rate. The break area played a dominant role in the vent of the steam. For our analytical investigation, we used the MARS code for simulation of the experiments to validate the calculation capability of the code. The results of the analysis showed good and sufficient agreement with the results of the experiment. However, the analysis revealed a weak capability in predicting the bypass flow of the SI water toward the broken DVI line, and it was insufficient to simulate the streamline contraction in the broken side. We, hence, need to improve the MARS code.

Increased Stability of Nucleolar PinX1 in the Presence of TERT

Keo, Ponnarath,Choi, Joong Sub,Bae, Jaeman,Shim, Yhong-Hee,Oh, Bong-Kyeong Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2015 Molecules and cells Vol.38 No.9

PinX1, a nucleolar protein of 328 amino acids, inhibits telomerase activity, which leads to the shortening of telomeres. The C-terminal region of PinX1 is responsible for its nucleolar localization and binding with TERT, a catalytic component of telomerase. A fraction of TERT localizes to the nucleolus, but the role of TERT in the nucleolus is largely unknown. Here, we report a functional connection between PinX1 and TERT regarding PinX1 stability. The C-terminal of $PinX1^{205-328}$, a nucleolar fragment, was much more stable than the N-terminal of $PinX1^{1-204}$, a nuclear fragment. Interestingly, PinX1 was less stable in TERT-depleted cells and more stable in TERT-myc expressing cells. Stability assays for PinX1 truncation forms showed that both $PinX1^{1-328}$ and $PinX1^{205-328}$, nucleolar forms, were more rapidly degraded in TERT-depleted cells, while they were more stably maintained in TERT-overexpressing cells, compared to each of the controls. However, $PinX1^{1-204}$ was degraded regardless of the TERT status. These results reveal that the stability of PinX1 is maintained in nucleolus in the presence of TERT and suggest a role of TERT in the regulation of PinX1 steady-state levels.

HOW AND WHEN WILL AUTHORITARIAN LEADERSHIP THWART FLE PERFORMANCE? THE MEDIATING ROLE OF EMPLOYEE CREATIVITY AND MODERATING ROLE OF COPING STYLES

Keo Mony Sok,Zhanhao He,David Lie,Phyra Sok 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2023 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2023 No.07

Frontline employees (hereinafter FLEs) act as boundary spanners, primary representatives, and intermediaries between consumers and service organizations. They are often directly responsible for service delivery and are the customers’ first impression of service organizations. Therefore, maximizing FLE performance is vital for service organizations. Leaders have been argued to play a critical role in fostering FLE performance for a variety of reasons, one of which is to achieve goal-related results. To achieve those results, they often feel a pressing need to discipline their subordinates’ actions. Consequently, leaders may take corrective measures that display controlling behaviors to press subordinates’ best performance. This type of leadership style is known as Authoritarian Leadership (hereinafter AL), which refers to leaders with paternal attributes who utilize absolute authority and control over their subordinates with the expectation of unquestionable obedience. The literature, however, has reported mixed findings of the performance benefits of AL.

Blockchain-Enabled Decentralized Clustering for Enhanced Decision Support in the Coffee Supply Chain

( Keo Ratanak ),( Muhammad Firdaus ),( Kyung-hyune Rhee ) 한국정보처리학회 2023 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.30 No.2

Considering the growth of blockchain technology, the research aims to transform the efficiency of recommending optimal coffee suppliers within the complex supply chain network. This transformation relies on the extraction of vital transactional data and insights from stakeholders, facilitated by the dynamic interaction between the application interface (e.g., Rest API) and the blockchain network. These extracted data are then subjected to advanced data processing techniques and harnessed through machine learning methodologies to establish a robust recommendation system. This innovative approach seeks to empower users with informed decision-making abilities, thereby enhancing operational efficiency in identifying the most suitable coffee supplier for each customer. Furthermore, the research employs data visualization techniques to illustrate intricate clustering patterns generated by the K-Means algorithm, providing a visual dimension to the study's evaluation.

뇌졸중 환자의 경직측정을 위한 휴대형 장치의 유용성

김거식(Keo-Sik Kim),서정환(Jeong-Hwan Seo),송철규(Chul-Gyu Song) 대한전기학회 2010 전기학회논문지 Vol.59 No.1

Spasticity is a motor disorder characterized by a velocity dependent increase in muscle tone with exaggerated tendon jerks, resulting from hyper-excitability of the stretch reflex. The aim of this study is to develop a portable system for quantifying the grade of spasticity which could calculate the biomechanical as well as neurophysiologic parameters, and for determining the relationship between the Tonic Stretch Reflex Threshold (TSRT) and Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). Eleven patients with stroke participated in the study (6 males and 5 females, the average age of 64.5±16.0 years). As a results, the mean and standard deviation values of the TSRT were 129.8±4.2, 123.4±5.2 and 119.1±2.6 in the MAS 1, MAS 1+ and MAS 2 groups, respectively. Also, there was a negative correlation between the TSRT and MAS (rho=-0.72, p<0.05). This demonstrated that the TSRT could be made clinically available for the more objective and reliable evaluation of the spasticity, instead of using the conventional clinical scales and an isokinetic dynamometer.