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검열의 각인과 문학의 형식 -시마자키 토손(島崎藤村), 「구주인(舊主人)」의 경우
( Kensuke Kono ) 성균관대학교 대동문화연구원 2012 大東文化硏究 Vol.79 No.-
근대일본의 검열시스템은, 출판미디어에 대하여 천황제국가의 정치질서를 교란하는 언설을 금지하고 아울러 그 지배하에 있는 국민·시민의 ``풍속’을 감시하고 교정하려 했다. 이 두 종류의 금지는 그 대상이나 내용이 각기 다른 것처럼 보이면서 실은 보완적인 관계에 있다. 본 논문에서는 메이지 중기인 1902년 ``風俗壞亂`` 처분을 받은 소설, 시마자키 토손(島崎藤村)의 단편 「옛주인(舊主人)」의 문학형식에 대하여 분석을 시도했다. 그 이전에 발매금지처분을 받았던 소설에서는 근친상간이나 상류사회의 부패 등을 드러낸 소재로 ‘풍속괴란’이 문제시 되었던데 대해, 이 소설은 유부녀의 간통이라는 소재와 더불어 시골 하녀를 화자로 함으로써 문학의 형식에 있어서도 검열에 관련된 심리적 갈등을 보여주었다. 즉 하녀는 간통하는 남녀에게 쾌락적이리만치 동경을 가지는 한편 여주인을 배신, 그 남편에게 밀고하고 간통의 비밀이 드러나는 극적인 클라이맥스로의 안내인이 된다. 쾌락에의 각성과 그것의 금지라고 하는 드라마는 ``풍속괴란``을 둘러싼 검열관의 심리를 그대로 되밟고 있다 해도 과언이 아니다. 클라이맥스 장면에서는, 간통이 폭로되는 한쪽에서 적십자총회가 열리고 ``천황폐하만세`` 환성이 메아리 친다. 나중에 3인칭 객관소설 쪽으로 물러서는 시마자키 토손은 이 시기, 화자의 설정을 통해 생동감 있는 심리적 갈등을 묘사해냈으며 그 때문에 출판금지조항에 저촉되고 말았던 것이다. 나아가 본 논문에서, 발매금지된 이 소설을 후일 다시 출판한 또 다른 서적까지 발매금지 당하는 경위를 통해 일본의 검열시스템의 역사적 일면을 소개했다. The censorship system of modern Japan attempted to suppress all print media which would disrupt the political order established under the Japanese imperial state (tennosei kokka) while simultaneously monitoring and reforming the citizens living under said authority. While these two functions appeared to have been carried out separately, they were in fact complementary of one another. This paper is an analysis of the literary for m of Shimazaki Toson`s 1902 work “Kyu-shujin(The Former Mistress)” which was suppressed during the Meiji period due to being “injurious to public morals”. Compared with novels which had previously been banned for portrayals of incest or corruption among the nobility, content that might easily have been called “injurious to public morals”, Toson`s work treats one wealthy woman`s extramarital relationship through the eyes of her female servant of rural upbringing, creating a narrative form which links directly to the psychological struggle inherent in the act of censorship. The narrator, while on one hand receiving a kind of pleasure from watching the adulterous romance, ultimately betrays her mistress`s secret to the woman`s husband and becomes the guiding force which brings the story to its tragic climax. This drama of sensual awakening and its suppression traces the very psychological patterns of those censors charged with prohibiting literature “injurious to public morals”. The final scene where by the liaison is revealed is set alongside an assembly of the Japanese Red Cross from which shouts of “Long live the Emperor”! reverberate. During this phase, Shimazaki Toson, who after ward reverted to novels written in the objective third person, used narrative style to depict vigorous psychological conflict. However, this was the very thing to collide with the codes established for publication. This paper further introduces historical aspects of the censorship system by way of another book which was also banned for republishing Toson`s novel.
Kensuke Takenkaka,Akihito Jinnai,Kentaro Kotani,Satoshi Suzuki,Takafumi Asao,Asuka Otsuka,Seiji Nakagawa 대한인간공학회 2014 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.5
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the intensity of perceived tactile stimuli on the difference of the spatial location on the palm. Air-puff stimuli were presented on 16 different locations on the palm as well as the tip of the index finger. Participants performed magnitude estimation protocol, where each tactile stimulus was evaluated in terms of the stimulus intensity. The results revealed that the relationship of perceived tactile intensity between distal and proximal sides showed no significant difference, whereas the relationship between medial and lateral sides showed significant differences in perceived stimulus. Difference of perceived intensity between medial and lateral sides implied that hardness of the skin surface may affect the perceived intensity rather than the distribution of mechanoreceptors on the palm. Overall, current results obtained in this study would contribute to the optimum design specifications for tactile interface devices.
Kensuke Yasui,Noriyuki Miyoshi,Hiroki Tababe,Yoko Ishigami,Ryuuta Fukutomi,Shinjiro Imai,Mamoru Isemura 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.9
Tea has many beneficial effects. We have previously reported that green tea and a catechin-rich green tea beverage modulated the gene expression of the gluconeogenic enzymes glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in the normal murine liver. In the present study, we examined the effects of oral administration of oolong tea on the hepatic expression of gluconeogenesis-related genes in the mouse. The intake of oolong tea for 4 weeks reduced the hepatic expression of G6Pase and PEPCK together with that of the transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF) 4α. When rat hepatoma H4IIE cells were incubated in the presence of oolong tea, the expression of these genes was repressed in accordance with the findings in vivo. The reduced protein expression of PEPCK and HNF4α was also demonstrated. We then fractionated oolong tea by sequential extraction with three organic solvents to give three fractions and the residual fraction (Fraction IV). In addition to organic fractions, Fraction IV, which was devoid of low-molecular-weight catechins such as (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), had effects similar to those of oolong tea on H4IIE cells. Fraction IV repressed the gene expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1, as insulin did. This activity was different from that of EGCG. The present findings suggest that drinking oolong tea may help to prevent diabetes and that oolong tea contains a component or components with insulin-like activity distinguishable from EGCG. Identification of such component(s) may open the way to developing a new drug for diabetes.
Structual and Magnetic Properties of MFe2O4 (M=Ni, Mg) Nano Hollow Spheres
Kensuke Konishi,Taiga Sakurai,Yutaro Nagano,Naoto Manabe,Yugo Morimoto 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.63 No.3
Sub-micrometer-sized hollow spheres assembled from MFe2O4 (M= Ni, Mg) nanoparticles havebeen prepared by using the template method with a wet chemical process. A superparamagnetictypeblocking process is observed in the zero-field-cooled (ZFC) and the field-cooled (FC) magnetizationsand magnentic susceptibilities. Furthermore, a spin-glass-like behavior due to surfacespin freezing is found in Ni-ferrite nanoparticles. The surface spin freezing temperatures Tf arequite a bit lower than the blocking temperature, and the magnetic field dependence is differentbetween the nanoparticles and the fabricated hollow spheres. The spin-glass nature of the Ni-ferritenanoparticle is demonstrated by the magnetice field dependence of Tf following the well knownAlmeida-Thouless (AT) line. In contrast, the Tf(H) of the hollow Ni-ferrite sphere hints at failureof the Gabay-Toulouse theory as well as the AT theory.
( Kensuke Takenkaka ),( Akihito Jinnai ),( Kentaro Kotani ),( Satoshi Suzuki ),( Takafumi Asao ),( Asuka Otsuka ),( Seiji Nakagawa ) 한국감성과학회 2014 춘계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.-
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the intensity of perceived tactile stimuli on the difference of the spatial location on the palm. Air-puff stimuli were presented on 16 different locations on the palm as well as the tip of the index finger. Participants performed magnitude estimation protocol, where each tactile stimulus was evaluated in terms of the stimulus intensity. The results revealed that the relationship of perceived tactile intensity between distal and proximal sides showed no significant difference, whereas the relationship between medial and lateral sides showed significant differences in perceived stimulus. Difference of perceived intensity between medial and lateral sides implied that hardness of the skin surface may affect the perceived intensity rather than the distribution of mechanoreceptors on the palm. Overall, current results obtained in this study would contribute to the optimum design specifications for tactile interface devices.