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Study on Aging Effect of Adhesion Strength Between Polyimide Film and Copper Layer
Seok‑Bon Koo,Chang‑Myeon Lee,Sang‑Jun Kwon,Jun‑Mi Jeon,Jin‑young Hur,Hong‑Kee Lee 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.1
This paper experimentally confirmed that the adhesion strength of the copper layer formed on the surface of the polyimidefilm by wet plating greatly changes with the aging time. The adhesion strength of the copper layer showed a rapid increasefrom 4 to 10 h after aging had begun and then converged to a value without a significant change. The adhesion enhancementbetween polyimide film and copper layer by aging is due to the interlocking effect caused by the volume expansion of copperoxide (CuO) formed in the polyimide, the increased mobility of copper particles enlarged by the decrease of impuritiesin the copper layer grain boundaries, and the consequent change of the crystal structure of the copper layer leading to theinternal stress reduction. Such adhesion improvement can be confirmed by the progress of the cohesive failure indicatingthe breakdown of the polyimide film.
모델 불확실성과 불확실한 잡음이 존재하는 시스템에 대한 LQG제어 시스템 설계
이기석,조택동 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1994 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.9 No.1
The stability-robustness is one of the most important aspects to be considered in designing a control system. Because the mathematical model of a system is not perfect, there always exists modeling error. Therefore, model uncertainties should be investigated to design a stable control system. The Lyapunov's stability theorem, the singular value theorem, and the inequality of Cauchy-Schwarz are used to derive a constraint condition to guarantee the stability and the good performance of the real system. Although there exist model uncertainties and noises, the stability of the real system would be guaranteed if the constraint condition derived in this paper is satisfied. However, this constraint condition is not a necessary-sufficient condition but a sufficient one.
김경석,나기찬,정은경,문경래,박상기,박영봉 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1993 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.18 No.1
The measurements of triceps skinfold thickness, body weight and height were done in children aged 7 to 12 years(3,142 boys and 2588 girls) in Kwangju in 1992. The author also observed degree of obesity, prevalence of obesity and average value of triceps skinfold thickness. The results were summarized as follows: 1) The mean value of triceps skinfold thickness acceding to age in male was 7 years 10.5mm, 8 years 10.5mm, 9 years 10.2mm, 10 years 12.3mm, 11 years 13.8mm, 12 years 12.3mm. In the female it was 7 years 11.9mm, 8 years 11.9mm, 9 years 11.6mm, 10 years 12.6mm, 11 years 14.1mm, 12 years 13.6mm. 2) The mean value of triceps skinfold thickness acceding to age in obese male was 7 years 16.3mm, 8 years 17.3mm, 9 years 16.0mm, 10 years 19.5mm, 11 years 23.7mm, 12 years 20.1mm. In the obese female it was 7 years 17.3mm, 8 years 17.9mm, 9 years 18.4mm, 10 years 19.5mm, 11 years 21.2mm, 12 years 20.3mm.
이기대,최석규 대구보건대학 2003 대구보건대학 論文集 Vol.23 No.-
This study was performed to examine the effect of electro-chemical treatment on the precipitation of apatite-like calcium phosphate in simulated body fluid. Titanium plates were polished from #600 to #2,000 sand paper and one surface of each specimen was received an additional polishing sequence through 0.1㎛ alumina paste. To improve the activity of titanium plates, they were electro-chemically treated at 100㎃ for 20min in an electrolyte containing the calcium and phosphate ions, and the temperature of electrolyte was held constantly in the range of 20∼80℃ during the treatment. All specimens were soaked in the (Hanks solution) with pH 7.4 at 36.5℃ for 30 days, and the surfaces were examined with XRD, SEM, XPS. Precipitation of calcium phosphate and CaO were observed on the electro-chemically treated titanium surface in a simulated body fluid after treatment at 600℃. Precipitation of calcium phosphate was densified and coarsened with increasing the temperature of the electrolyte solution in the range of 20∼80℃. The calcium phosphate contained phosphate in the form of PO₄^(3-), HPO₄^(2-) and H₂PO₄^(-1).
김기웅,오준석 한국항공대학교 경영연구소 1999 경영연구 Vol.6 No.1
In most cases, environmental policy has taken the form of regulation Legislative and regulatory authorities set the minimum acceptable standards, and they think their frameworks hold good as environmental policy. But bemuse of the fact is that the business situation varies and so is technological development, these regulatory frameworks turn out inflexible and out of date. In this way, gradually, environmental policy needs to be flexible, output oriented and dynamic. In the paper, we analyzed the effect of environmental tax from the point of economic view and moral view. Then to keep the stability of the policy effectiveness, we chose economic view to see the effectiveness of environmental policy, and as instruments we suggest environmental tax system In the paper, we stress the importance of economic incentives to induce the business firms and people to reduce pollution for the purpose of maximzing their welfare. In the end, we delve into the effect of environmental tax which will contribute to setting the environmental standards.
쓰레기 소각재를 잔골재로 혼합한 콘크리트의 기초적 물성연구
홍기호,하상훈,김정규,어석홍 國立 昌原大學校 產業技術硏究院 2004 産技硏論文集 Vol.18 No.-
The purpose of this study is to investigate the material characteristics and strength properties of concrete mixed with waste incinerated bottom ash(BA), and to evaluate the leaching of environmentally harmful heavy metals from the bottom ash itself and from hardened concrete mixed with bottom ash. For this purpose, two reference mixed with W/C ratio of 0.45 and 0.55 were used, and the replacement proportion of BA was varied with ratios of 0, 30, 50, 70 and 100% by volume of fine aggregate in the reference mixes. The variation of compressive and splitting tensile strength, workability and unit weight of concrete were considered. Test results showed that the strengths, workability and unit weight decreased with increase in proportion of BA replaced. Leaching test results showed that there would be no environmentally harmful problem from using BA as substitutes of fine aggregates in concrete.
홍기호,하상훈,김정규,어석홍 國立 昌原大學校 產業技術硏究院 2004 産技硏論文集 Vol.18 No.-
The purpose of this study is to investigate the material characteristics and strength properties of concrete mixed with wastewater sludge, and to evaluate the leaching of environmentally harmful heavy metals from the wastewater sludge itself and from hardened concrete mixed with wastewater sludge. For this purpose, a reference mix with W/C ratio of 0.45 was used and the replacement proportion of wastewater sludge was varied with ratios of 0, 30, 50, 70 and 100% by volume of coarse aggregate in the reference mix. The variations of compressive and splitting tensile strength, workability and unit weight of concrete were considered. Test results showed that the strengths and unit weight decreased with increase in proportion of wastewater sludge replaced, but workability increased. Leaching test results showed that there would be no environmentally harmful problem from using wastewater as substitutes of coarse aggregates in concrete.
평면굽힘하중을 받는 Al 2024-T3 합금의 미소균열 분포특성에 관한 연구
조석수,주원식,장득열,장백선,안원기 동아대학교 공과대학부설 생산기술연구소 1997 生産技術硏究所硏究論文集 Vol.2 No.1
Machine structures, aircraft and pressure vessel etc. are designed by fail-safe or safe-fail concept but on the basis of existance of internal defect or crack initiation in early stage of fatigue life. Failure or fracture of machine structures is mainly occured by fatigue and relation between stress intensity factor range and crack growth rate can predict remaining life in components containing through-the-thickness crack but fatigue life of smooth specimen is dependent of initiation, growth and coalescene of micro-crack. Therefore, this paper presents relation between statistical properties of micro crack and fatigue life ratio in age-hardened Al 2024-T3 tested in-plane bending.