중국 무역보험 민영화문제에 관한 연구: 선진국과의 비교분석을 중심으로

주령커(Ling-Ke Zhou),김해진(Hai-Zhen Jinb) 한국무역연구원 2016 무역연구 Vol.12 No.6

Although China has become a major trade power in the world, there are many shortcomings in the Chinese trade support systems including Chinese trade insurance system. Therefore, how to improve the Chinese trade insurance system has become a hot issue nowadays. In some of the latest studies, a method of privatization of trade insurance companies has been proposed. Up to now, there are three biggest privatized trade insurance companies in the world. They are Euler Hermes in Germany, Atradius in Netherlands, and COFACE in France. In this paper, necessary conditions for trade insurance privatization are examined according to the experiences of three privatized trade insurance companies: Euler Hermes (Germany), Atradius (Netherlands) and COFACE (France). These privatization requirements are then compared with trade insurance companies in China, in particular, whether Chinese trade insurance companies possess the necessary requirements for privatization or not. Consequently, we answer the question as to whether privatization is the right way to improve the Chinese trade insurance system in this study.

Real-Time PCR Analysis of Metabolic Pathway of PHB in Acidiphilium cryptum DX1-1

Ai Ling Xu,Jin Lan Xia,Ke Ke Liu,Li Li,Yu Yang,Zhen Yuan Nie,Guan Zhou Qiu 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2010 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.20 No.1

COVID-19사태에 대한 불가항력조항의 적용가능성에 관한 연구

주령커(Ling-Ke Zhou),박광서(Kwang-So Park),오은지(Eunji Oh) 한국무역학회 2020 貿易學會誌 Vol.45 No.3

중국 병행수입제도의 법적 문제에 관한 연구

주령커(Ling-Ke Zhou),박광서(Kwang-So Park) 한국무역학회 2016 貿易學會誌 Vol.41 No.1

중국의 변형된 반송통관을 이용한 재정거래에 관한 연구

주령커(Ling-Ke Zhou),유광현(Kwang-Hyun Yu) 한국관세학회 2016 관세학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Traditionally, international trade is defined as the paid exchanges of goods and services across national boundaries. Like all other commercial activities, trade is interest-driven. Moreover, under the private law which grants that ‘what is not prohibited is permitted’, some illegitimate trade practices have been used by trade firms to gain profits. Reselling back transaction can be taken as an example. Reselling back transaction means that, when the domestic price of one commodity is higher than its export price, trade firms import the commodity back for the purpose of interest arbitrage. From the perspective of economics, this is an inefficient and untraditional trade practice. Nevertheless, reselling back transaction still exists, especially in an imperfect market like China. This paper analyzes reselling back transaction on the basis of its legitimacy from the aspects of law, trading system and practices. In addition, suggestions concerning trading systems and practices will be provided in order to improve the perfection of Chinese market and to aid the conduct of legal reselling back transaction under current law.

해외직판의 법적 문제에 관한 연구

주령커(Ling Ke ZHOU),박광서(Kwang So PARK) 한국무역상무학회 2016 貿易商務硏究 Vol.71 No.-

Anumber of Chinese studentswhoare studying inKorea have been gradually increasing since Korea and China established diplomatic relations. Many of themsale Korean products to Chinawhile studying for their degree programs in colleges. This kind of transactions can be named C2C overseas direct sales. C2Coverseas direct saleswhich are being performed byChinese student are good for exportation of Korean products. However Some of these transactions are not legal according to present law, First, Chinese student don’t have legal status tomake the transactions. Second, Chinese students usuallymake false declarations for evading the taxes, including tariff and VAT, Third, Chinese students can not offer the after-sale service for the goods for the Chinese consumers. Although C2C transactions have some legal matters, they should not be banned by a one-size-fits-allmethod. In this study, we highly recommend for the development of C2C transactions, First, Korean government should give Chinese students legal status. Second, China customs must strictly prohibit illegal activities of smuggling by taking advantage of postal route. Third, sellers inChina can offer the after-sale service to consumers through some specialist A/S firms.

Inflammatory Endotypes and Tissue Remodeling Features in Antrochoanal Polyps

Chen Cai-Ling,Wang Yu-Ting,Yao Yin,Pan Li,Guo Bei,Zhu Ke-Zhang,Ma Jin,Wang Nan,Li Xue-Li,Deng Yi-Ke,Liu Zheng 대한천식알레르기학회 2021 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.13 No.6

Purpose: The pathogenic mechanisms of antrochoanal polyps (ACPs) remain largely unknown. This study aimed to characterize inflammatory patterns and tissue remodeling features in ACPs. Methods: Inflammatory cell infiltration and tissue edema severity as well as fibrin deposition in ACPs and bilateral eosinophilic and noneosinophilic nasal polyps (NPs) were studied with immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining. Cytokine levels in sinonasal tissues were detected with the Bio-Plex assay. The expression of coagulation and fibrinolytic markers was measured using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: Compared to control tissues and bilateral eosinophilic and noneosinophilic NPs, ACPs had higher levels of neutrophil infiltration and expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin (IL)-8 and interferon (IFN)-γ. In total, 94.4% of ACPs demonstrated an eosinophil cationic protein/MPO ratio of < 1, compared to 79.0% of noneosinophilic and 26% of eosinophilic NPs. Principle component and multiple correspondence analyses revealed a neutrophilic and type 1 inflammation pattern in ACPs. Compared to control tissues, edema scores and fibrin deposition were increased, whereas d-dimer and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) levels were decreased in ACPs and bilateral NPs, with more prominent changes in ACPs even than in eosinophilic NPs. The tPA levels were negatively correlated with IFN-γ, IL-8, and MPO levels in ACPs. Neutrophils were the major cellular source of IFN-γ in ACPs, and the number of IFN-γ+ neutrophils was elevated in ACPs than in control tissues and bilateral eosinophilic and noneosinophilic NPs. Conclusions: ACPs are characterized by the neutrophilic and type 1 inflammation endotype. Neutrophil-derived IFN-γ is associated with reduced tPA production in ACPs.

Cloning and analysis of b-amyrin synthase gene in Bupleurum chinense

Ke Gao,Su-rui Wu,Ling Wang,Yan-hong Xu,Jian-he Wei,Chun Sui 한국유전학회 2015 Genes & Genomics Vol.37 No.9

Bupleurum chinense DC. is one of the source plants of a well-known crude drug, Chai hu (Radix Bupleuri), producing triterpenoid saponins (saikosaponins) with a wide-spectrum of pharmacological applications. The biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins involved with the cyclizing of the precursor 2,3-oxidosqualene to produce the first committed triterpene b-amyrin catalyzed by b-amyrin synthase (b-AS), whereafter diverse of triterpenoid saponins was biosynthesized. In addition, 2,3-oxidosqualene could be catalyzed by cycloartenol synthase directing to the synthesis of phytosterol. b-AS was thus defined as an important branch point between primary and secondary metabolisms, and may play a regulating role in the control of triterpenoid saponins biosynthesis. In this study, the promoter and protein-encoding regions of a b-AS gene (designated bcAS1) were isolated by genome walking and PCR from B. chinense. Several important cis-acting elements for gene regulation were identified within the promoter region including light-responsive, hormoneresponsive and various other stress-related elements. Approximate 0.8 kb fragment on upstream of ATG start codon of bcAS1 was sub-cloned into pAN580 vector to replace the 35S promoter driving the expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene. The promoter activity was detected by transient expression in onion epidermis cells by the expression of GFP. Approximately 6 kb length of bcAS1 gene was cloned, containing 18 exons and 17 introns. Although a dozen of b-AS cDNA was isolated, seldom the promoter and gene of it was reported. This work was a valuable foundation for further studies on the regulatory role of b-AS in biosynthesis of saikosaponins.

Finite Element Analysis and Test Study on Restraint of High-energy Pipe Whip in Conventional Island

Ling-yun Peng,Yu-ke Deng,Hua-ting Chen,Ying-jie Kang,Xiang-xiu Li 대한토목학회 2019 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.23 No.4

The effects of high-energy pipe whipping after rupturing are very important in an AP1000 nuclear power plant's conventional island and restraints of pipe whipping should be considered in the design. It is the first time in the country when reinforced concrete shear walls are used as restraint services. In this paper, the behaviors of walls and restraint services subjected to pipe whipping are analyzed through static and dynamic methods in the finite element software (ABAQUS), in which all kinds of nonlinearities are considered. In addition, a test study on the restraint of pipe whipping is conducted. The results show that the wall and the restraint service can prevent pipe whipping effectively under the design load, and anchor plates arranged around the wall opening can improve the local concrete compression performance of concrete to reduce the damage of concrete. Meanwhile, the study also provides the valuable reference for wall designing to prevent from pipe whipping.

Fatigue behavior of concrete beams reinforced with HRBF500 steel bars

Ke Li,Xin-Ling Wang,Shuang-Yin Cao,Qing-Ping Chen 국제구조공학회 2015 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.53 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate experimentally the fatigue performance of reinforced concrete (RC) beams with hot-rolled ribbed fine-grained steel bars of yielding strength 500MPa (HRBF500). Three rectangular and three T-section RC beams with HRBF500 bars were constructed and tested under static and constant-amplitude cyclic loading. Prior to the application of repeated loading, all beams were initially cracked under static loading. The major test variables were the steel ratio, crosssectionalshape and stress range. The stress evolution of HRBF500 bars, the information about crack growth and the deflection developments of test beams were presented and analyzed. Rapid increases in deflections and tension steel stress occured in the early stages of fatigue loading, and were followed by a relatively stable period. Test results indicate that, the concrete beams reinforced with appropriate amount of HRBF500 bars can survive 2.5 million cycles of constant-amplitude cyclic loading with no apparent signs of damage, on condition that the initial extreme tensile stress in HRBF500 steel bars was controlled less than 150 MPa. It was also found that, the initial extreme tension steel stress, stress range, and steel ratio were the main factors that affected the fatigue properties of RC beams with HRBF500 bars, whose effects on fatigueproperties were fully discussed in this paper, while the cross-sectional shape had no significant influence in fatigue properties. The results provide important guidance for the fatigue design of concrete beams reinforced with HRBF500 steel bars.