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Kazunobu Hayakawa 한국경제연구학회 2010 Korea and the World Economy Vol.11 No.1
This paper investigates Japanese trade by mode of transport, i.e., air transport versus maritime shipping. Some facts about Japanese machinery exports by mode of transport are examined first. Then it will be shown that products of the machinery sector where international fragmentation prevails are more likely to be exported by air.
Transport Modal Choice by Multinational Firms: Firm-level Evidence from Southeast Asia
Kazunobu Hayakawa,Kiyoyasu Tanaka,Yasushi Ueki 한국국제경제학회 2013 International Economic Journal Vol.27 No.4
We examine transport-mode decisions by multinational firms to shed light on the role of freight logistics in multinational activity. Using a firm-level survey in Southeast Asia, we show that foreign ownership has a significantly positive and quantitatively large impact on the likelihood that air/sea transportation is chosen relative to truck shipping. This result is robust to the shipping distance, cross-border freight, and transport infrastructure. Both foreign-owned exporters and importers also tend to use air/sea transportation. Thus, our analysis presents a new distinction between multinational and domestic firms in their decision over transport modes
Plasma Breakdown using Second Harmonic EC Waves in Helical Devices
Kazunobu Nagasaki,A. Cappa,A. Fernandez,D. Tafalla,E. de la Cal,F. Tabares,F. Sano,F. Castejon,H. Shidara,H. Okada,K. Kondo,K. Takahashi,S. Kobayashi,T. Mizuuchi,T. Estrada,V. Tribaldos,Y. Yoshimura 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.III
Plasma breakdown using second-harmonic electron cyclotron (EC) waves has been studied experimentally in three helical devices, Heliotron J, TJ-II and CHS. Recent technological progress on electron cyclotron heating (ECH) systems enables us to determine what the important factors for second-harmonic plasma breakdown are. Comparison of the experimental results among three devices shows a common feature that the plasma starts up from the good confinement region and strongly depends on the nonlinear interactions with the electric field of the local beam rather than the multi-reflected field. This suggests that the confinement of high energy electrons generated by ECH has a dominant role in second-harmonic plasma breakdown.
Kazunobu Hayakawa,이현훈,박동현 연세대학교 동서문제연구원 2013 Global economic review Vol.42 No.2
There is a large and growing empirical literature that investigates the determinants of outward foreign direct investment (FDI). This literature examines primarily the effect of host country characteristics on FDI even though home country characteristics also influence the decision of firms to invest abroad. In this paper, we examine the role of both host and home country characteristics in FDI. To do so, we constructed a firm-level database of outward FDI from Japan, Korea and Taiwan. Our empirical analysis yields two main findings. First, host countries with better environment for FDI, in terms of larger market size, smaller fixed entry costs and lower wages, attract more foreign investors. Second, firms from home countries with higher wages are more likely to invest abroad. An interesting and significant policy implication of our empirical evidence is that policy-makers seeking to promote FDI inflows should prioritize countries with higher wages.
Recent Changes in Hospital Management in Japan
Yamauchi, Kazunobu,Mano, Toshiki 남서울대학교보건의료개발연구소 2005 2005 International seminar on "New trend of hospit Vol.1 No.-
Japan today is facing increasing healthcare costs, a lower birthrate, and an aging society, leading to concern about a lack of medical resources. Amid these changes the one thing most Japanese want to preserve is a universal health care system with guaranteed free access for patients. With this aim the central government and Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare are considering either reducing healthcare costs by a downward revision of the medical service fee points, andincreasing the amount that patients pay as a way to maintain healthcare resources. Meanwhile, hospitals are making efforts to eliminate waste and provide efficient medical care while maintaining quality. Some key measures for this purpose are 1) reorganization, 2) introduction of information technology, 3) adoption of hospital management methods, and 4) entry into comprehensive payment systems. These trends, however, are not seen in all hospitals. Rather, they are mostly occurring in major public medical care facilities, where these efforts have led to reduced need for financial compensation from the government and shorter hospital stays. Meanwhile, these trends have resulted in an increasing burden on healthcare providers, for which countermeasures are needed.
The Trade Effect of Non-tariff Measures in a Comprehensive Trade Agreement
Hayakawa Kazunobu,Jongwanich Juthathip,Kohpaiboon Archanun 한국국제경제학회 2024 International Economic Journal Vol.38 No.1
The aim of this study is to quantify the trade effects of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), which is considered to be a comprehensive trade agreement. To this end, we estimate the gravity equation for worldwide trade and introduce applied tariffs into this equation to differentiate between the trade effects of tariff reduction and non-tariff measure (NTM) changes. Our gravity equation results indicate that the trade effect of NTM changes under the CPTPP is insignificant on average and negative for most products. We also estimate the gravity equation for foreign direct investment (FDI) and find some evidence that the CPTPP increased FDI by a statistically significant amount. Thus, the NTM changes in the CPTPP may increase FDI, rather than trade, among member countries.
Are Korean Firms Doing Well? Evidence from Shandong Province in China
Fukunari Kimura,Kazunobu Hayakawa,Zheng Ji 한국경제연구학회 2008 Korea and the World Economy Vol.9 No.1
This paper constructs a firm-level data set of manufacturing firms in the Province of Shandong and examines whether the corporate performance, e.g., labor productivity, of foreign-owned firms, particularly of Korean firms, is superior to that of domestically-owned firms. In the regression analysis, we found the following: first, foreign-owned firms achieve significantly better performance. Second, the differences in corporate performance between domestically- and foreign-owned firms are particularly large in chemical and machinery sectors. Third, small sized Korean firms and Korean firms in fabricated materials and machinery sectors have relatively high performance among foreign-owned firms.