Effects of annealing temperature of aqueous solution-processed ZnO electron-selective layers on inverted polymer solar cells

Ka, Y.,Lee, E.,Park, S.Y.,Seo, J.,Kwon, D.G.,Lee, H.H.,Park, Y.,Kim, Y.S.,Kim, C. Elsevier Science 2013 Organic electronics Vol.14 No.1

We investigate the effects of ZnO annealing temperature (T<SUB>A</SUB>) on the performance of inverted polymer solar cells with ZnO electron-selective layers deposited by spin coating aqueous solutions of an ammine-hydroxo zinc complex. The inverted solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl-C<SUB>61</SUB>-butyric acid methyl ester with T<SUB>A</SUB> as low as 80<SUP>o</SUP>C exhibit power-conversion efficiencies of 3.6%, which is equal to those of devices with higher T<SUB>A</SUB>. Characterizations of the ZnO films using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering, and optical transmittance measurements show that the abrupt improvement of device performance from T<SUB>A</SUB>=60 to 80<SUP>o</SUP>C is due to the improvement of energy-level alignment arising from the increases in the relative amount and the crystallinity of ZnO.

分析模型間의 比較檢定에 관한 經路硏究 : 國防費 支出 函數 推定을 中心으로 Focus on the Inference of Defense Expenditure Function

韓啓燮 東亞大學校 大學院 1992 大學院論文集 Vol.17 No.-

This paper shows how we can construct the most suitable models which make solve functional problems correctly in practical human societies. There are many kinds of methods to control all variables concerned in the functional relations and produce fruitful results sometime later. But most of cases in the problems we often miss the processes or the procedures in surveying situations and directing the correct variables. In the article we can only find fitted variables in applying to the practical functional problems which include time-series data of Korean Defense Expenditures for 30 years. In the paper we tested some models by the variables filtered properly for the purposes. After testing all possible hypotheses on these analytical inference we checked the best variables Which can represent the situational inferences we checked the best variables which can represent the situational defense expenditures according to the time differential factors. The approach adopted in this tests is to discuss a class of models which are sufficiently flexible to describe practical situations for the defense expenditures paid for the periods in Korea. The process of model building, which is discussed in the paper is concerned with relating such a class of statistical models to the data at hand and involves much more than model fitting in the functional defense expenditures. Thus, identification techniques, designed to suggest what paticular kind of might be worth considering are developed first and make use of the autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation functions for military expenses. The time series data are supplied to the models on Korean Defense Expenditures for 30 years from the year of 1961 to 1990. The procedures of the data processes are fitted all situations by each model using expenditure function if it is proper or not. Usually Korean defense expenditure has been paid almost 5% - 6% of its GNP annually for those years. As we know very well, of course, the circumstances of the peninsular are quite different from those Western countries in their military balance, politics, socio-economies and etc. But we have to find out the proper way how Korean people could live safely and comfortably in spite of paying such huge defense expenses for the long time. So we need to compare the situations with the U.S model which expreses the differnt conditions in processing the variables and in fitting methods. After all we can select comparable models for Korean situations and apply that patterns to the functional equations for the purpose. As a result we can conclude as follows : 1. The relation between the Korean economic growth and its defense expenditure is exclusive each other for the time. 2. The GNP and Defense Expenditure in Korea is proportionally developed until now. 3. The relations among the foreign debts, imports and defense expenditires of the country are deeply positive independently. 4. The Korean defense expenditure is quite intangibel to the private consumption expendirues and the government consumption expenditures. 5. Therefore, taking out right variable elements for applying to the proper models, it needs to filter the functional processes more sufficient statistical steps and its adequate procedures for solving Korean defense expenditure problems in the future.

中小製造業의 情報시스템 構築 方案 硏究

韓啓燮 동아대학교 경영대학 1994 經營硏究 Vol.- No.8

The information and communication technology makes all the people and their organizations change into information society. Especially all the firms need urgently its information systems to survive themselves in the competitive business society. The necessity of constructing well-applicable Information Systems is growing day by day to success in the fields. This paper provides an effective method to construct information systems which can be used very economical but powerful in small and medium manufacturing companies. Even though some advanced and big business are already operating their own appropriate information systems so as to get their remarkable productivity nowdays. The rest of those small firms are still trying to find out some acceptable systems fitting their own business in very poor situations. So this paper shows the situations of information systems in the small and medium manufacturing companies of the days. And then the directions for constructing information systems promoting those firms growing by the systems. This paper analized the real status of general management situations showed the solving procedures and methods to construct proper information systems on those firms. As a result, this study introduces somehow low cost, efficient, convinient flexible and very useful applying information systems with easier ways.

美國의 聯邦所得稅에 관한 小考

李季源 조선대학교 경영경제연구소 1996 經營經濟硏究 = Management and economics research Vol.19 No.2

우리나라 거래소시장에서 투자주체별 매매행태에 관한 연구

이계원 朝鮮大學校 經營經濟硏究所 2003 經營經濟硏究 = Management and economics research Vol.26 No.2

도서관에서의 의사결정과 정보활동

한계문 新羅大學校 1995 論文集 Vol.39 No.1

The management activities of libraries is achieved through the decision making processes. The decision making is the activity not only belonged to the chief manager but also to the all people involved in each stage of the system. This research deals with the styles of the decision making processes on the points of the importance, the tasks and skills of the library managers and librarians, and thus the skill of decision making shall be improved through studying the necessity of the information activities. The importance of information activities, that is, acquiring, processing, storaging and desseminating of the information required to the decision making is embossed. At the each stage of the three levels of management activities, that is, the strategic planning, management control, operational control, the required information and the relativeness to the decision making are investigated. At last, the frame work of library decision support system using computer is dealt. The circumstance of decision making is difficult to or unable to forecast because the future circumstance is always uncertain. Therefore the information activities for collecting, analizing and offering at the right time good information -accuracy, timeliness, completeness, conciseness, relevancy- are required. Good information decreases the uncertainty. Libraries are at the right time to import decision support system by the mutual operation between decision makers and computers, and for reasonable decision making, the decision makers and all library staffs have to possess honest interest and expert knowledge of the library management.

부채비율이 주식수익률과 주가순자산 비율에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 : 외환위기 부채비율 200%를 중심으로 Empirical Evidence

이계원 한국세무회계학회 2004 세무회계연구 Vol.15 No.-

본 연구는 자본구조(부채비율)가 기업가치의 대리변수라 할 수 있는 초과수익률과 주가순자산비율에 영향을 미치는지의 여부를 검증한다. 특히, 외환위기 이후 IMF의 요구에 따른 부채비율 200%이하라는 목표를 달성한 기업들에서 자본구조와 기업가치간에 어떤 유의적인 관련성이 있는지를 살펴보고자 한다. 즉, 부채비율 200%를 최적자본구조의 기준점이 될 수 있을 것인지를 살피기 위해, 외환위기 이전 2년과 이후 3년 동안인 1996년 1월부터 2001년 12월까지를 표본기간으로 선정하고, 표본기업은 상장기업 중 결산일이 12월 31일인 제조업을 대상으로 536개 기업(5년간 누적 기업수임)을 선정하였다. 실증분석 결과, 외환위기 이후 정부가 정책목표로 설정한 부채비율 200%이하 의무달성 5대 재벌기업들은 물론, 재벌기업과 비재벌기업을 분류하여 분석한 결과에서도 자본구조가 기업가치에 유의적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 결국 부채비율 200%가 기업가치를 극대화하기 위한 최적자본구조로서 의미를 지니지 못하였다고 판단된다. 이는 비록 IMF의 요구에 따른 정부의 부채비율 200%이하 정책으로서 단기적으로는 기업의 위험축소라는 나름대로의 긍정적인면이 있지만, 부채비율 축소로 인하여 기업가치가 달라지지 않았다면 기업으로 하여금 중·장기적인 새로운 투자를 할 수 있는 기회를 가지지 못하게 하는데 일조를 한 것으로 보인다.

釜山市內 公共圖書館 現況 古書室 運營實態分析

韓桂文 新羅大學校 1989 論文集 Vol.27 No.-

This thesis presents the effecfive management and methods of preservation of old materials through the analysis of the public libraries' present conditons and their realities of the old materials in Pusan. In pusan, there are 9 Public libraries in 11 administrative districts. But these public libraries are distributd in 5 districts only. Therefore almost 50% of Pusan residents have not been available public libraries services. The size of public libraries, Geographic conditions of library locations, the samll collections, unmatching of user numbers to the numbers of library staffs, lack of Qualified librarians, ets., there are too many defects to be improved for the better public library services. Only one public library has the old materials room. I is the Citizen's library. Therefore the library services have not been suficient to the users, as far as old materials concerned.

도서관 및 정보 시스템의 분석기법

한계문 新羅大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.34 No.1

The Systems study is defined as the logical analysis of the present systems;the evaluation of the efficiency, economy, accuracy, productivity, and timeliness of existing methods and procedures measured against the established goals of the library;and the design of new methods and procedures or modification of existing methods and procedures to improve the flow of information through the systems. System analysis, when a library is to develop a new system, is indispensable analytical techniques which is done as a precedent process This study is, 1) examing the locical conception of a system, and grasping constructive elements of a library and information systems, 2) discussing the eauses, needs, and methodology of a system analysis, 3) presenting the process and content in systematizative analysis. The Purpose of this study is to inquire the mutual relations among the subsystem analysis of a library and information system, to give assistances to the sucessful system development. The Effect of system analysis to be expected is follows: (1) the problem on the whole situation is able to make clear. (2) the mutual relations among constructive elements are understood. (3) the causes and effect of a problem can clarify. (4) the relations between a variable of a problem and restrictive requiste are clear up. (5) obtain an excellant result of a whole system. (6) the library can obtain itself to its envirnment.

대학병원의 경영성과 변화에 관한 연구

이계원 朝鮮大學校 經營經濟硏究所 2005 經營經濟硏究 = Management and economics research Vol.28 No.1