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Gut microbiome and checkpoint inhibitor colitis
( Kanika Sehgal ),( Sahil Khanna ) 대한장연구학회 2021 Intestinal Research Vol.19 No.4
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies such as ipilimumab, are increasingly being used as a treatment option for a variety of cancers, including metastatic melanoma and have demonstrated effectively a prolonged survival. These agents have an im-munological mode of action that predisposes patients to a number of immune-related adverse events, colitis being one of the most commonly encountered complications. The pathogenesis for the development of colitis is unclear, and there is a growing consensus that the ecosystem of the gastrointestinal microbiota plays a significant role. Based on this suspected connection, studies are being carried out to explore the changes in the microbiota in patients on these medications who develop colitis. Conceivably, the modulation of the gut microbiota could offer a therapeutic benefit. Fecal microbiota transplantation is one therapeutic option that is currently being investigated, though there are still more data needed to evaluate its efficacy. In this review, we recapitulate the mechanisms of action of immune checkpoint inhibitors, their adverse events, with a focus on colitis and the role gut microbiota are suspected to play, and finally discuss the microbiota modulation therapies being investigated. (Intest Res 2021;19:360-364 )
Anti dumping & developing countries
( Kanika Gupta ),( Vinita Choudhury ) 고려대학교 법학연구원 2011 Korea University Law Review Vol.10 No.-
Anti-Dumping is one of the most controversial issues in international trade. The framework for Anti-Dumping duty is provided by Art. VI of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, 1994 and further, Anti-Dumping Agreement provides for specific conditions to limit its application. However, with specific reference to developing countries, the framework is vague and has scope for ambiguity, which is often taken advantage of. The pre 1980`s scenario observed the developing countries as the main target of anti-dumping duties, which were difficult to defend owing to lack of legal and financial resources and experience. However, post 1980`s paints a completely different picture and their position witnessed a radical shift in terms of usage of Anti-Dumping measures; from being the ``target`` to ``initiator``. The study of a few emerging economies i.e. Brazil, China, South-Africa and India illustrates the adoption of Anti-Dumping measures into their domestic laws and procedures applied therein. The paper is divided into four broad parts, beginning with a general introduction, followed by the operation of the AD Agreement in developing countries before and after 1980, the implications and pertinence of present framework governing the two groups of unequal economies, and finally the trend of four major developing countries towards attaining a smooth AD framework.
Kanika Sharma,Parveen Ahlawat,Munish Gairola,Sarthak Tandon,Nishtha Sachdeva,Muhammed Ismail Sharief 대한방사선종양학회 2019 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.37 No.2
Purpose: There is sparse literature on treatment outcomes research on resectable oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). The aim of this study was to measure the treatment outcomes, explore the failure patterns, and identify the potential clinicopathological prognostic factors affecting treatment outcomes for resectable OTSCC. Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective analysis of 202 patients with resectable OTSCC who underwent upfront primary surgical resection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy if indicated. Results: The median follow-up was 35.2 months (range, 1.2 to 99.9 months). The median duration of locoregional control (LRC) was 84.9 months (95% confidence interval, 67.3–102.4). The 3- and 5-year LRC rate was 68.5% and 58.3%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that increasing pT stage, increasing pN stage, and the presence of extracapsular extension (ECE) were significantly associated with poorer LRC. The median duration of overall survival (OS) was not reached at the time of analysis. The 3- and 5-year OS rate was 70.5% and 66.6%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that increasing pT stage and the presence of ECE were significantly associated with a poorer OS. Conclusion: Locoregional failure remains the main cause of treatment failure in resectable OTSCC. There is scope to further improve prognosis considering modest LRC and OS. Pathological T-stage, N-stage, and ECE are strong prognostic factors. Further research is required to confirm whether adjuvant therapy adds to treatment outcomes in cases with lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and depth of invasion, and help clinicians tailoring adjuvant therapy.
Spectroscopic techniques as a diagnostic tool for early detection of osteoporosis
Kanika Singh,Kwang-Sung Lee,이동근,김용기,김경천 대한기계학회 2010 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.24 No.8
Osteoporosis (OP) a kind of bone disease, is very serious in particular for old persons, and may lead them to immobility and death. Early detection of the diseases is the first consideration for the patients to have more options to live a healthy life. The biomarkers or bonemarkers provide a promising challenge in clinical proteomics for early disease detection. In this paper, optical techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV/Visible spectroscopy are employed to find the bone markers and emphasis has been given on noninvasive modalities for early detection of osteoporosis. Blood plasma samples procured from two groups, patients and healthy persons were tested. Both of the optical techniques revealed obvious differences in the spectra; between two groups, for example,increase in intensity for OP persons. New peaks were found at 1646, 1540, 1456 and 1077 cm-1 in FTIR spectra. Except 1588 cm-1, we showed decrease in spectral intensity of OP persons. In UV/Visible spectroscopy results, new peaks appeared in the OP patients spectra at the wavelength of 279 nm and 414 nm. These differences in the spectra of the two types samples, allow rapid and cost-effective discrimination of the potential patients with the optical techniques which were verified by the bone densitometer in the hospitals. The new and novel technique is quick, reliable and effective.
Osteoporosis : New Biomedical Engineering Aspects
Kanika Singh,Sung Hak Lee,Kyung Chun Kim 대한기계학회 2006 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.20 No.12
There is tremendous interest of research which surrounds the concept of "osteoporosis," as shown by the intense and growing research activity in the field. The urgency to advance knowledge in this area is motivated by the need to understand not only the causes, diagnosis and treatment but also need for early identification or detection of this silent disease. Despite the various researches work is going on, important issues remain unresolved. In this paper, Osteoporosis has also been discussed with respect to biological, engineering, biochemical and physical aspects. The diagnostic and therapeutic techniques have been described for osteoporosis, for better health care. The novelty of the review paper lies in clarifying several myths, explaining the disease in details with biomedical engineering aspects and focuses on the several detection techniques, providing a new direction for early diagnosis of this deadly disease and gives new directions for the POCT device for Osteoporosis.